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Topic: Balantidium coli

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	UpToDate Balantidium coli infection
		Infections with Balantidium coli are uncommon protozoan causes of infectious colitis [ 1 ].
		coli trophozoites are notable both because they are the only ciliated protozoan forms that infect the human colon and because of the large size of the trophozoites, which have an average length of 60 µm.
		coli are primarily intestinal parasites of pigs, and porcine fecal contamination of water or food consumed by humans is a principal means for acquisition of infection by humans [ 2,3 ].
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=parasite/7782 (404 words)

	World J Gastroenterol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Balantidium coli is the only parasitic ciliate of man. It is a flattened oval organism covered with cilia, and a gullet at the anterior end.
		Balantidium coli ( B.coli), the largest protozoon affecting humans, is a ciliate organism often associated with pigs.
		Balantidium coli is a protozoon and the only one ciliate that is able to cause disease in man. The trophozoite or vegetative state has oval form covered by a great amount of cilia grouped in row.
	www.wjgnet.com /1007-9327/10/458.asp (1079 words)

	Balantidium Coli [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		These include the species Balantidium coli, which is the only ciliate parasitic in humans....
		Balantidium coli is a species of ciliate protozoan, and is the only one that is a pathogen A pathogen (literally "birth of pain" from the Greek παθογένεια) is a biological agent that can cause disease to its host.
		The Andes, likewise a comparatively young and seismically restless mountain range, run down the western edge of the continent; the land to the east of the Andes is largely tropical rain forest, the vast Amazon Rive...
	www.wikimirror.com /Balantidium_coli (1599 words)

	Necrotizing lung infection caused by the protozoan Balantidium coli
		Necrotizing lung infection caused by the protozoan Balantidium coli
		Balantidium coli, a ciliated protozoan, is well known to cause intestinal infection in humans.
		B coli causing a thick-walled right upper lobe cavity in an organic farmer who had contact with aerosolized pig manure is reported.
	www.pulsus.com /Infdis/14_03/shar_ed.htm (331 words)

	MedForumsLive.com - Balantidium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Balantidium: A genus of protozoa with cilia that includes Balantidium coli (B. coli).
		coli is the largest protozoan and the only ciliate parasite to infect humans.
		coli is passed intermittently and once outside the colon is rapidly destroyed.
	www.medforumslive.com /dictionary/b/Ba-Be/Balantidium.html (182 words)

	eMedicine - Balantidiasis : Article by Valda M Chijide, MD
		Pathophysiology: B coli occurs as a trophozoite and a cyst in the colon.
		The pathogenicity of B coli is questionable because researchers have attempted unsuccessfully to transmit the infection to humans.
		Dodd LG: Balantidium coli infestation as a cause of acute appendicitis.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic203.htm (1493 words)

	Gorgas - Case #7(02) Diagnosis
		Balantidium coli is the largest protozoan and the only ciliate parasite that infects humans.
		Many animal species harbor the organism as an intestinal commensal but pigs have a particularly high rate of infection and are usually considered to be the main reservoir of this organism.
		Panel B shows a large number of Balantidium coli at higher magnification where the characteristic macronuclei can already be distinguished (arrows).
	www-cme.erep.uab.edu /onlineCourses/Gorgas02/Case7_02/CaseDiag7(02).htm (672 words)

	The Parasite: Balantidium coli
		Balantidium coli is the only ciliate known to parasitize humans.
		Although contractile vacuoles are common to ciliates, they are rare in parasitic protozoa, which suggests that Balantidium coli has a unique osmoregulatory capacity.
		Balantidium coli has been known for more than a century, and yet the pathogenicity of the protozoa and how humans acquire it are still not fully understood.
	www.stanford.edu /class/humbio103/ParaSites2003/Balantidium/The_Parasite.htm (136 words)

	Balantidium coli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Balantidium coli occurs in humans, swine, rodents, and in many other mammals.
		It is a zoonotic parasite and may be transmitted from animals to humans.
		coli has a direct life cycle, consisting of a cyst and a trophozoite stage.
	cvm.msu.edu /courses/MIC569/docs/parasite/BCOLI.htm (252 words)

	Balantidium coli - Result for Balantidium coli - Meaning of Balantidium coli - Definition of Balantidium coli - ...
		taxon = '''''B. coli'''''}} {{Taxobox_end_placement}} {{Taxobox_end}} '''''Balantidium coli''''' is a species of ciliate protozoan, and is the only one that is a pathogen of humans.
		It is carried by pig s, rat s, primates (including humans), rat s, horse s, cattle and guinea pig s.
		Image:Balantidium trophB.JPG leftframeA trophozoite of ''Balantidium coli'' Cyst s are the parasite stage responsible for transmission of balantidiasis.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Balantidium_coli.html (329 words)

	Microscope Images - Parasites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Acquired by ingestion of cysts from the stool of an infected person, Balantidium causes recurrent diarrhea alternating with constipation.
		Balantidium possess two nuclei: a micronucleus and a distinctive kidney-shaped macronucleus.
		The troph stage of Balantidium is somewhat oval, while the cyst is a circle.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~johnson/labtools/Dparasite/bcolitrp.html (74 words)

	Identification of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Infant and Adult Rhesus ...
		Identification of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Infant and Adult Rhesus Macaques -- Mansfield et al.
		Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of classic serotypes associated with infant diarrhea: epidemiology and pathogenesis.
		Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli as a potential cause of diarrheal disease in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/39/3/971 (2911 words)

	[No title]
		The range of pathogens span from bacterial e.g., E. coli O157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Leptospira spp., Listeria spp., and Shigella spp.); protozoan (e.g., Cryptosporidium spp.
		coli 0157, Cryptosporidium parvum, Campylobacter jejuni, and Salmonella spp.) that are pathogenic to humans but do not necessarily cause visible signs of disease in animals.
		Our current knowledge about the risk of these pathogens is that most of these are not necessarily transmitted to humans via manure or effluent but more frequently by direct contact with animals, handling carcasses at slaughter and consuming contaminated products such as meat and milk.
	www.lead.virtualcenter.org /en/ele/awi_2000/3session/3plenary.txt (12216 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Balantidium coli is widely epidemic among the pig population of the world.
		The ciliates often invade the mucosa and submucosa of the intestines and produce severe ulcers, that are often flask like in shape.
		NOTE: Trichuris suis, whipworm infection, often occurs in conjunction with Balantidium coli infection in pigs.
	cal.vet.upenn.edu /dxendopar/parasitepages/protozoa/balantidiumcoli.html (176 words)

	Balantidium coli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Balantidium coli is a parasite of many species of animals, including pigs, rats, guinea pigs, humans, and many other animals.
		In many respects this parasite resembles Entamoeba histolytica --- an important difference that can have a significant impact of epidemiology is that trophozoites of B.
		A trophozoite of Balantidium coli ; trophozoites average about 75 µm in length.
	www.biosci.ohio-state.edu /~parasite/balantidium.html (179 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Many commensial and free-living ciliates are also known from ruminants and horses as well as free-living aquatic species and should be differentiated from B. coli.
		coli is harmless to pigs and man although diarrhea and dysentery are known.
		Disease, when it would occur, would be clinically indistinguishable from other causes of hemorrhagic colitis.
	www.cvm.okstate.edu /instruction/kocan/vpar5333/5333iic.htm (286 words)

	Health @ PakWatan.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Diagnosis is based on detection of trophozoites in stool specimens or in tissue collected during endoscopy.
		Balantidium coli is passed intermittently and once outside the colon is rapidly destroyed.
		Thus stool specimens should be collected repeatedly, and immediately examined or preserved to enhance detection of the parasite.
	www.pakwatan.com /main/medical/diseasedetail.php?id=156 (465 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Balantidiasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Balantidiasis is an infectious disease produced by a single-celled microorganism (protozoan) called Balantidium coli that infects the digestive tract.
		Balantidiasis is caused by Balantidium coli, a parasitic protozoan that infects the large intestine.
		coli is the largest and only protozoan, having cilia or hair-like structures, that is capable of causing disease in humans.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0001/ai_2601000178 (878 words)

	Life Cycle of Balantidium coli
		Balantidium coli has 2 developmental stages: a trophozoite stage and a cyst stage.
		The cyst is the infective stage of Balantium coli life cycle.
		Cysts in the environment are then ready to infect another host.
	www.stanford.edu /class/humbio103/ParaSites2003/Balantidium/Life_Cycle.htm (181 words)

	Balantidium coli - ThePigSite.com
		Once outside the pig the organism rapidly forms a spherical cyst that remains infectious for long periods of time.
		coli uses starch from the large bowel as its source of nutrition and certain types of diet or undigested food contribute to its multiplication.
		coli diarrhoea, salmonellosis, swine dysentery, spirochaetosis, PE and non specific colitis.
	www.thepigsite.com /PigHealth/article.asp?ArticleID=426 (339 words)

	Ciliates etc
		Balantidium coli is widely distributed in warmer climates, which is where human infections most commonly occur.
		coli measure approximately 30-150m m in length x 25-120m m in width but have been known to attain lengths of up to 200m m.
		Balantidium coli also has the potential to penetrate the mucosa resulting in ulceration just as those of Entamoeba histolytica, but perforation is more common.
	www.soton.ac.uk /~ceb/Diagnosis/Vol2.htm (4014 words)

	Abstracts for References 2 and 3 of 'Balantidium coli infection' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		TI - Age-dependent occurrence of the intestinal ciliate Balantidium coli in pigs at a Danish research farm.
		A cross sectional study of the prevalence and intensity of Balantidium coli in pigs was carried out on a Danish research farm.
		No human cases of B. coli infection have been published in Denmark though it is zoonotic.
	patients.uptodate.com /abstract.asp?TR=parasite/7782&viewAbs=2~3&title=2,3 (194 words)

	Balantidiasis
		Balantidiasis is a rare intestinal infection caused by the bacterium, Balantidium coli, a single celled parasite (ciliate protozoan) that frequently infects pigs but on occasion (rarely) infects humans.
		Balantidiasis is a rare infectious disease caused by the single celled (protozoan) parasite Balantidium coli.
		Immature B. coli parasites (trophozoites) are usually recoverable from the stool.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord121.htm (1072 words)

	Balantidiasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Balantidium coli, is a large ciliated protozoal parasite.
		The trophozoites reside in the lumen of the large intestine of humans and animals, where they replicate.
		Following ingestion, excystation occurs in the small intestine, and the trophozoites colonize the large intestine.
	www.reaping-rewards.com /balantidiasis.html (72 words)

	eMedicine - Intestinal Protozoal Diseases : Article by Enrique Chacon-Cruz, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		B coli: Infections are rare in humans, and approximately 25% of symptomatic patients have a history of contact with swine.
		B coli is uncommon in temperate climates, and it is found in association with pigs throughout the tropics, especially in the Philippines.
		B coli is shed irregularly, and repeated examinations of stools are necessary for identification.
	emedicine.com /ped/topic1914.htm (9164 words)

	balantidiosis - OmniMedicalSearch.com - balantidiosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Yazar S, Altuntas F, Sahin I, Atambay M. Dysentery caused by Balantidium coli in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma from Turkey.World J Gastroenterol.
		Vasilakopoulou A, Dimarongona K, Samakovli A, Papadimitris K, Avlami A. Balantidium coli pneumonia in an immunocompromised patient.Scand J Infect Dis.
		Age-dependent occurrence of the intestinal ciliate Balantidium coli in pigs at a Danish research farm.Acta Vet Scand.
	www.omnimedicalsearch.com /query.php?pge=Balantidiosis (523 words)

	Medical Clinics of North America
		Balantidium coli is a rare cause of diarrhea and colitis and is not necessarily associated with travel.
		Tapeworm (cestodes) infections and fluke (trematode) infections are less common findings and are usually imported by migrants other than tourist travelers and may not present with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms but have more nonspecific constitutional-type complaints.
		coli are rare causes of invasive bowel disease but may be associated with travel.
	medicine.ucsd.edu /peds/Pediatric%20Links/Links/Infectious%20Disease/Intestinal%20Parasites%20in%20Returned%20Travelers%20Med%20Clin%20of%20NA%20July%201999.htm (3944 words)

	Balantidium -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Uniformly covered with longitudinal rows of minute, hairlike projections (cilia), Balantidium exists as a parasite in the intestines of pigs, apes, and other animals.
		Uniformly covered with longitudinal rows of minute, hairlike projections (cilia), Balantidium exists as a parasite in the...
		Brief information on this disease caused by balantidium coli, a parasitic protozoan.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9011903 (249 words)

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