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	Balbinus
		The date of birth of Balbinus is not clearly known.
		Balbinus was the son, either by birth or by adoption, of a high standing Roman named Caelius Calvinus (a member of the Salian priesthood and therefore a patrician).
		Balbinus whose standing had suffered greatly during the mayhem which had befallen the capital felt threatened by his colleagues triumphant return.
	www.roman-empire.net /decline/balbinus.html (742 words)

	Biography of Balbinus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus and Decius Caelius Calvinus Balbinus (both died on July 29, 238) were elected co-emperors by the Roman senate on April 22, 238 after the failure of Gordian I and Gordian II to defeat the usurper Maximinus Thrax.
		The grandson of Gordian I and future Gordian III was nominated Caesar to appease the population of Rome.
		Balbinus had not managed to control the situation and the city had burned in a fire resulting in mutiny.
	biography-3.qardinalinfo.com /b/Balbinus.html (413 words)

	The History of the Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire - Vol 1 - Chapter VII Part II
		Balbinus was an admired orator, a poet of distinguished fame, and a wise magistrate, who had exercised with innocence and applause the civil jurisdiction in almost all the interior provinces of the empire.
		The two colleagues had both been consuls, (Balbinus had twice enjoyed that honorable office,) both had been named among the twenty lieutenants of the senate; and since the one was sixty and the other seventy-four years old, they had both attained the full maturity of age and experience.
		The emperor Balbinus attempted, by ineffectual edicts and precarious truces, to reconcile the factions at Rome.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/roman/TheDeclineandFallofTheRomanEmpire-1/chap19.html (3369 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		At the advanced age of seventy-four, he was chosen by the senate with Balbinus to resist the barbarian Maximinus.
		Shortly afterwards, when both emperors were on the point of leaving the city on an expedition—Pupienus against the Persians and Balbinus against the Goths—the praetorians, who had always resented the appointment of the senatorial emperors and cherished the memory of the soldier-emperor Maximinus, seized the opportunity of revenge.
		When most of the people were at the Capitoline games, they forced their way into the palace, dragged Balbinus and Pupienus through the streets, and put them to death.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=44040&locale=en (586 words)

	Balbinus
		In any case, our Balbinus belonged to an important family, which had once been plebeian but had been admitted to the patriciate, because the future emperor is known to have been one of the Salians, a religious college that consisted of patricians.
		Because Balbinus is known to have received the exceptional honor of a second consulship, which he shared with the emperor Caracalla, in 213, we can be sure that he must have been an important man. No emperor would share a consulship with a nobody.
		Balbinus was one of its members, which proves that he was at that time known as a capable man.
	www.livius.org /ba-bd/balbinus/balbinus.html (681 words)

	Balbinus - NumisWiki, The Collaborative Numismatics Project
		As soon as the news reached Rome from Africa that Gordian I and Gordian II were dead, and that Maximinus was approaching Italy with a powerful army, the frightened senate assembled in the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus and created two Augusti on 8th July: Balbinus and Pupienus.
		Balbinus was born AD 178 and descended from a very noble family.
		Balbinus was preparing to commence hostilities against the insurgent Goths, and Pupienus had already marched to repel an invasion of the Persians.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /numiswiki/view.asp?key=Balbinus (530 words)

	Balbinus - Portrait Gallery of Roman Emperors on Coins
		Balbinus and Pupienus were appointed jointly and died together, so we give below their joint history.
		Balbinus and Pupienus were chosen by the Senate to be joint-emperors in AD244 after the deaths of Gordian I and Gordian II.
		Balbinus and Pupienus deserved a better fate but their attempts to restore order were too heavy-handed.
	www.24carat.co.uk /balbinus.html (492 words)

	The ALCHYMIST Desiderus Erasmus ERASMUS ROTERODAMUS Translated into English by N. Bailey London, 1725
		Balbinus pressing him to contract his Speech into a narrow Compass; I will have done immediately, most learned Balbinus, says he, and it will be the more easy for me to do it, to a Man who understands the whole Affair so well, that no Man understands it better.
		Balbinus asking him what Ways those were he spoke of; Good Sir, says he, you know (for what is there, most learned Sir, that you are ignorant of?) that there are two Ways in this Art, one which is call’d the Longation, and the other which is call’d the Curtation.
		Balbinus asking him what that was, he reply’d, I shall be carried away into some Castle, and there be forc’d to work all my Days, for those I have no Mind to serve.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /erasmus15.htm (2558 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 454 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		BALBINUS, was proscribed by the triumvirs in b.
		Balbinus, who was of noble birth, and traced his descent from Cornelius Balbus of Cadiz, the friend of Pompey, Cicero, and Caesar, had governed in succession the most important among the peaceful provinces of the empire.
		The chronology of this brief reign is involved in much difficulty, and different historians have contracted or extended it to periods varying from twenty-two days to two years.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0463.html (1034 words)

	Rome - Vol I, Chapter VII, Part 2
		The two colleagues had both been consuls, (Balbinus had twice enjoyed that honorable office,) both had been named among the twenty lieutenants of the senate; and since the one was sixty and the other seventy-four years old, 29 they had both attained the full maturity of age and experience.
		When the pipes were broken that supplied the camp with water, the Praetorians were reduced to intolerable distress; but in their turn they made desperate sallies into the city, set fire to a great number of houses, and filled the streets with the blood of the inhabitants.
		Their silent discord was understood rather than seen; 43 but the mutual consciousness prevented them from uniting in any vigorous measures of defence against their common enemies of the Praetorian camp.
	www.cca.org /cm/rome/vol1/ch0702.html (3366 words)

	Maximinus Thrax (by Edward Gibbon)
		In the cool shade of retirement, we may easily devise imaginary forms of government, in which the sceptre shall be constantly bestowed on the most worthy, by the free and incorrupt suffrage of the whole community.
		Carthage, destitute of defence, opened her gates to the conqueror, and Africa was exposed to the rapacious cruelty of a slave, obliged to satisfy his unrelenting master with a large account of blood and treasure.(26)
		The two colleagues had both been consuls (Balbinus had twice enjoyed that honourable office), both had been named among the twenty lieutenants of the senate; and since the one was sixty and the other seventy-four years old,(29) they had both attained the full maturity of age and experience.
	www.ancientworlds.net /76484 (6754 words)

	Pupienus and Balbinus
		Decius Caelius Calvinus Balbinus and Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus were elected co-emperors by the Roman Senate in 238 after the deaths of the two Gordians.
		After news of Maximinus's murder reached Rome, tensions increased between the Senate and the Praetorian Guard.
		While the rest of the city was preoccupied with the Capitoline Games[?], members of the Guard entered the imperial palace and dragged the two Emperors into the street, where Pupienus and Balbinus were killed.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pu/Pupienus_and_Balbinus.html (75 words)

	Bill Peschel: Long Arm of the Law
		The departure in the title is that of Balbinus Pius, the godfather of Rome’s underworld.
		Shortly thereafter, the city is hit with a number of grandiose crimes: a market is emptied of valuable goods, the goldsellers are robbed in daylight, and, worst of all, men connected with Balbinus’ trial are found tortured and killed.
		On behalf of the emperor, he must help his Petro determine who is seeking to replace Balbinus, as well as secretly determine who in the empire’s version of a police force, may be on the take.
	www.planetpeschel.com /index/site/comments/long_arm_of_the_law (504 words)

	Balbinus
		Balbinus was one of the two nominees to the transfer of power following the disappointing crushing of the revolt led by Gordian I and II.
		As they were both chosen by the Senate to protect their own interests, both the Praetorian Guard as well as the public in general found the decision intolerable.
		Balbinus for his part had a deep mistrust for Pupienus (who felt likewise about Balbinus) and the two never got along despite public appearances to the contrary.
	www.dirtyoldcoins.com /natto/id/balbinus.htm (518 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Pupienus and Balbinus
		Since Pupienus and Balbinus were in Rome, the coins probably feature a good likeness of the emperors.Pupienus appears as rather thin with a full beard, in sharp contrast to the "heavily jowled" and short-bearded Balbinus.
		Pupienus and Balbinus were assassinated and Gordian III proclaimed as sole Augustus.
		[[4]]Herodian, VII, 5-6; SHA, Maximus and Balbinus, VIII.
	www.roman-emperors.org /pupi.htm (1684 words)

	Chapter Tyranny Of Maximin, Rebellion, Civil Wars, Death Of Maximin. of History of The Decline And Fall of The Roman ...
		Let us elect two emperors, one of whom may conduct the war against the public enemy, whilst his colleague remains at Rome to direct the civil administration.
		Ratify my choice, conscript fathers, or appoint in their place, others more worthy of the empire." The general apprehension silenced the whispers of jealousy; the merit of the candidates was universally acknowledged; and the house resounded with the sincere acclamations of "Long life and victory to the emperors Maximus and Balbinus.
		After the senate had conferred on Maximus and Balbinus an equal portion of the consular and tribunitian powers, the title of Fathers of their country, and the joint office of Supreme Pontiff, they ascended to the
	www.bibliomania.com /2/1/62/109/25649/6.html (824 words)

	Maximin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Another senator named Maximus convinced the senate that he and fellow senator, Balbinus should succeed Gordian.
		In the mean time, a kind of civil war had broken out between the senate and the Praetorian Guard in Rome.
		Balbinus failed to stop the hostilities and in the end the soldiers killed both of the emperors and declared Gordian III as the new ruler.
	library.thinkquest.org /26907/emperors/maximin.htm (331 words)

	Year of the Six Emperors - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Therefore Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius, the thirteen-year-old grandson of Gordian I, was nominated as emperor, holding power only nominally in order to appease the population of the capital, which was still loyal to the Gordian family.
		Coins from their short reign show one of them on one side and two clasped hands on the other to show their joint power, yet their relationship had been clouded with suspicion from the start, with both fearing an assassination from the other.
		They were planning an enormous double campaign, Pupienus against the Parthians and Balbinus against the Carpians (Grant says against Goths and Persians respectively), but they quarrelled frequently and could not agree or trust each other.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pupienus_and_Balbinus (702 words)

	imperium-romanum.com - Personen - Kaiser - Balbinus
		Es wurde vereinbart, dass Balbinus in Rom verbleibt und Pupienus den aktiven Kampf aufnehmen sollte.
		Balbinus hatte als Inhaber der obersten Staatsmacht für Ruhe zu sorgen.
		Balbinus wäre die Aufgabe zugefallen gegen die Goten Krieg zu führen, die die untere Donau überschritten und die Stadt Istros geplündert hatten, und Pupienus hätte einen Feldzug gegen die Perser in Angriff genommen.
	www.imperiumromanum.com /personen/kaiser/balbinus_03.htm (466 words)

	VCoins - The Online Coin Show for Ancient Coins, US Coins, and World Coins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		One of the joint emperors along with Balbinus, Pupienus's short career as emperor began when the rebellion of the Gordiani in Northern Africa failed.
		While Balbinus was left in charge of consolidating power in Rome, Pupienus led an army to meet Maximinus.
		Add to this a deep mistrust of and by Balbinus that was evident to the Praetorian Guard and the whole issue was put to rest when the latter massacred both of them on the same day.
	www.vcoins.com /ancient/mnm/store/viewItem.asp?idProduct=332&large=0 (181 words)

	R1591
		They therefore elected two of their number, Pupienus and Balbinus, as joint rulers.
		Because this was not popular with the citizens of Rome, the Senate also chose the 13 year old grandson of Gordian I (Gordian III) as caesar.
		At the beginning of May 238, a group of praetorians rushed the palace, seized the two of them, and dragged them naked through the streets of Rome, and finally murdered in the praetorian camp.They had reigned a 99 days.
	www.aoti76.dsl.pipex.com /coins/r4/r1591.htm (362 words)

	Gordian I; Gordian II; Pupienus and Balbinus
		Otherwise we know that he was governor of Asia in 230, and that he had two mature sons in 238, one, T. Clodius Pupienus Pulcher Maximus, had reached the consulship at some point prior to 238, the other, M. Pupienus Africanus, had been Maximinus' colleague as consul in 236.
		The careers of the four emperors accepted by the senate who did not survive 238 (Pupienus and Balbinus were murdered in May) offer a good cross section of the different types of people who had risen to the top of the governing aristocracy at this time.
		This led to a riot, sparked by friends of the deceased Gordian, and Gordian's thirteen-year old grandson was proclaimed as Caesar to Pupienus and Balbinus.
	www.umich.edu /~classics/programs/class/cc/372/sibyl/en/Gordian_I;_Gordian_II;_Pupienus_and_Balbinus.html (1653 words)

	Detail Page
		Both Gordians, whom the Senate had supported, were killed in 238, and Pupienus was raised with Balbinus to the throne.
		The wild reception given to Pupienus upon his return to Rome was irksome to Balbinus, who also resented the German bodyguard retained by his colleague.
		The two emperors began disagreeing on policy to the extent that, when the Praetorians stormed the palace only 99 days after their accession, Balbinus refused to allow the Germans to be summoned.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME1414 (404 words)

	Dorchesters.com - Reproduction Roman Aureus of Balbinus Coin
		This aureus coin is extremely rare and is only the third aureus known of this reign as Balbinis was only emperor for 99 days.
		In 238 the senate supported the North African uprising of the Gordiani against the reigning emperor Maximinus 'Thrax', but when the Gordiani were defeated the senate appointed two of its own members, Balbinus and Pupienus, as replacement emperors on April 22.
		Both emperors were disliked and soon after guerrilla-style battles in Rome between the senators and their supporters against the Praetorian Guard both emperors were murdered after ruling for only 99 days.
	www.dorchesters.com /shop/roman_type/aureus_balbinus.htm (136 words)

	Balbinus
		Balbinus ist der erste Sodatenkaiser, unter dessen Regentschaft Antoniniane geprägt wurden.
		In der Folgezeit kam es zu Machtkämpfen zwischen Balbinus und Pupienus während Goten und Perser immer tiefer in das Reich eindrangen.
		Ende Juli 238 wurde Balbinus zusammen mit seinem Mitregenten Pupienus von den Prätorianern ermordet.
	www.antoninian.com /Liste_der_Kaiser/Balbinus/balbinus.html (131 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Gordian III
		After the deaths of the boy's grandfather (Gordian I) and uncle (Gordian II) were announced in Rome, probably near the end of April 238, [[4]] a select group of 20 senators decided upon two of their own, Pupienus and Balbinus, as new emperors who would continue to lead the uprising against Maximinus.
		After the death of Maximinus at the siege of Aquileia, perhaps in early June 238, [[8]] conflicts between the two emperors Pupienus and Balbinus, and among the emperors, soldiers and ordinary Romans, came to the fore.
		Pupienus and Balbinus suffered damnatio memoriae, though it is difficult to ascertain how many other members of the senatorial elite (if any) were either dismissed from their posts or executed by the new regime.
	www.roman-emperors.org /gordo3.htm (1963 words)

	Coins of the Roman Emperor Balbinus (238 AD) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		On 22 April 238, Balbinus became emperor along with his co-ruler, Pupienus, following the deaths of the Gordiani in North Africa at the hands of Maximinus.
		Military administration fell to Pupienus and civic duties were handled by Balbinus.
		The two often quarreled and were in middle of one of these arguments when the Guard stormed the palace and hauled them both into the streets where they were murdered on 29 July 238 AD after a reign of 98 days.
	www.treasurerealm.com /coinpapers/romanemperors/balbinus.html (201 words)

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