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Topic: Balcombe Street Siege

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	Siege - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		A siege is a prolonged military blockade and assault of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition.
		A siege tower could also be used: a substantial structure built as high, or higher than the walls, it allowed the attackers to fire down upon the defenders and also advance troops to the wall with less danger than using ladders.
		Although siege warfare had moved out from an urban setting because city walls had become ineffective against modern weapons, trench warfare was nonetheless able to utilize many of the techniques of siege warfare in its prosecution (sapping, mining, barrage and, of course, attrition) but on a much larger scale and on a greatly extended front.
	en.wikipedia.ifc.com.pl /wiki/Siege (5911 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How
		Siege of Jerusalem (701 BCE) - the Assyrian siege of Sennacherib
		Siege of Syracuse (213–212 BCE) - the Roman siege
		Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE) - the Roman siege of Titus
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /List_of_sieges (215 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition, often accompanied by an assault.
		Sieges in present day are more commonly either smaller hostage, militant, or extreme resisting-arrest situations such as the Waco Siege.
		On the first night while laying siege to a city, the leader of the Mongol forces would lead from a white tent: if the city surrendered, all would be spared.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Siege (5585 words)

	tScholars.com \| Balcombe Street Siege (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Balcombe Street Siege was an incident involving members of the Provisional IRA (Irish Republican Army) and the London Metropolitan Police lasting from December 6 to December 12 1975.
		The four men ended up in a flat at 22b Balcombe Street in Marylebone, taking its two residents, John and Sheila Matthews, hostage.
		The men declared that they were members of the Provisional IRA and demanded a plane to fly both them and their hostages to Ireland.
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/Balcombe_Street_Siege (387 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Balcombe Street Siege was an incident involving members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) and London's Metropolitan Police Service lasting from December 6 to December 12 1975.
		Balcombe Street gang's reign of terror BBC News.
		The men surrendered after several days of negotiations with the Metropolitan Police during which time SAS teams had been deployed and the suspects came to the realisation that they would not be granted their demand for a plane to Dublin.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Balcombe_Street_Siege (432 words)

	AardvarkArticles.net - History - Siege
		A siege can have four possible outcomes: The defenders can repulse it without aid from the outside, in which case the position is said to have been held; if the defenders prevail with outside aid the siege is deemed to have been relieved or raised.
		When a siege results in the attackers taking control of the besieged city or fortress but the defensive forces are able to escape, the outcome is characterized as evacuated, and if the attacking force emerges victorious and also destroys and/or captures the defenders, the besieged entity is reckoned as having fallen.
		The threat of such an action ended the Balcombe Street Siege in 1977 but the Iranian Embassy Siege in 1980 ended in a military assault and the death of all but one of the hostage takers.
	www.aardvarkarticles.net /academia_&_education_33/siege_1044.html (4560 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Balcombe Street Siege
		The Balcombe Street Siege was an incident involving the Provisional IRA (Irish Republican Army) on December 6, 1975.
		It started as a running gun battle through the city as police pursued two men through the streets of London for the murder of right wing political agitator, Guinness Book of Records co-founder and TV personality Ross McWhirter.
		The men claimed they were members of the IRA and demanded a plane to fly both them and their hostages to Ireland.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Balcombe_Street_siege (401 words)

	sociology - Siege
		Sieges usually involve surrounding the target and blocking the provision of supplies, typically coupled with artillery bombardment, sapping and mining to reduce fortifications.
		Ancient sources contain many stories of sieges, such as the siege of Jericho in the Old Testament or the Siege of Troy described by Homer in the Iliad.
		The Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) during the Crimean War and those of Petersburg (1864–1865) during the American Civil War showed that modern citidals could still resist an enemy for many months.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Siege (4574 words)

	India, Indian States, India States, Indian hotels, Indian News and Indian Tourism, India Travel
		Template:Otheruses Template:History of war A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition, often accompanied by an assault.
		The term derives from the Latin word for "seat" or "sitting."Merriam-Webster: siege A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that refuses to surrender and cannot be easily taken by a frontal assault.
		Sieges involve surrounding the target and blocking the reinforcement or escape of troops or provision of supplies (a tactic known as "investment"Merriam-Webster: invest), typically coupled with attempts to reduce the fortifications by means of siege engines, artillery bombardment, or sapping (also known as mining), or the use of deception or treachery to bypass defenses.
	www.westbengalin.com /wiki-Siege (5980 words)

	Channel 4 - History - The Year London Blew Up
		In their 1st-floor council flat at 22b Balcombe Street NW1, John and Sheila Matthews are watching Kojak and believe that the sound of gunfire is coming from the television.
		The Balcombe Street gang are taken away for questioning.
		At their Old Bailey trial, the members of the Balcombe Street gang face 25 charges, including seven murders, conspiring to cause explosions and falsely imprisoning John and Sheila Matthews during the siege.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/H/history/t-z/year05.html (1591 words)

	Those were the days (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The surrender came at the end of a three and a half month siege, and a war that lasted five years, killing 250,000 people and devastating the country.
		December 6: IRA terrorism came to the streets of London in the infamous Balcombe Street Siege.
		The siege was the first time such a drama had been seen on mainland Britain during the IRA troubles.
	www.expressandstar.com /days/1950-75/1975.html (878 words)

	Siege - freeproxy.ch
		Siege or King of the Hill is a common game played in Paintball and Airsoft.
		Scenes of Siege Warfare Secrets of Lost Empires: Medieval Siege(PBS) Informative and interactive webpages about medieval siege tactics.
		Siege Warfare in ancient Egypt Three ancient Egyptian Sieges: Megiddo, Dapur, Hermopolis (archived version) The Siege Of The CityBiblical perspectives.
	www.freeproxy.ch /Definition/en/Siege (5500 words)

	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 6 \| 1975: Couple under siege in Balcombe Street
		Officers have now sealed off the corner of Dorset Square and Balcombe Street, in Marylebone, after a car chase through the West End during which shots were fired.
		On the second day of the siege, police were able to speak to Mrs Matthews using a phone which had been passed down through the window from the flat above.
		The "Balcombe Street Gang" - Martin O'Connell, Edward Butler, Harry Duggan and Hugh Doherty, were jailed for life but later freed under the terms of the Good Friday agreement.
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/6/newsid_4261000/4261478.stm (614 words)

	Guardian \| Republicans reject arms initiative
		The RUC was last night questioning four men in connection with the murder of ex-IRA man Eamon Collins, beaten to death in January as he walked his dogs close to his home in Newry, Co Down.
		• The IRA's Balcombe Street gang, whose release from prison after 24 years was approved by the Irish government last week, were out of jail last night, republican sources in Dublin said.
		The four, named for the Balcombe Street siege, were handed multiple life sentences for a British bombing campaign in the early 1970s.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,3854161-103588,00.html (659 words)

	Camden New Journal
		She was Ken Barlow’s girlfriend in Coronation Street, is a prolific novelist and playwright.
		She describes Injury Time as a “fl comedy”, which was vaguely inspired by the Balcombe Street Siege.
		It tells how a divorced woman invites her married boyfriend to bring two friends to a dinner party, which is then, incredibly, invaded by a woman pushing a baby in a pram, followed by two gunmen who take them all hostage.
	www.camdennewjournal.co.uk /archive/r060203_4.htm (833 words)

	SAOIRSE32 :: Today in history: Balcombe Street siege ends :: December :: 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		A six-day siege has ended peacefully in London after four IRA gunmen freed their two hostages and gave themselves up to police.
		They are in custody at Paddington Green Police Station after what has become known as the Balcombe Street siege.
		When they were forced to surrender to police after the failed Balcombe Street siege they were charged with 10 murders and 20 bombings and jailed for life.
	saoirse32.blogsome.com /2006/12/12/today-in-history-balcombe-street-siege-ends (494 words)

	Confronting the Terrorist Hostage Taker
		Further, a brief news flash, broadcasted during an ongoing terrorist siege, does not draw an accurate picture of a terrorist's total range of conduct and personality traits.
		And while these terrorists may have been given a list of demands, for the most part, they were not trained to negotiate with authorities to achieve those demands.
		In the course of the FBI's investigations, it became evident that these subjects are seldom prepared to deal with the unknown variables and unforeseen changes that routinely play an integral part in such sieges.
	www.emergency.com /host-tkr.htm (2741 words)

	15th Plenary Session
		Tony Killeen (Clare): To ask the Taoiseach what is the present position regarding the transfer of the Balcombe Street siege prisoners to a jail in the Republic of Ireland; and if he will make a statement.
		An Taoiseach: The Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform has recently consented to the transfer of the prisoners referred to, and the necessary documentation as required under the Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced persons has been returned to the United Kingdom authorities for their further consideration.
		I can assure the Deputy that every effort will continue to be made to process all such applications for transfer here as expeditiously as possible.
	www.biipb.org /biipb/summary/sum/doc/8033001/8033017.htm (218 words)

	RajonVision - Watch Us Now
		The British police have kept the peace without fear or favour for almost two centuries - and this definitive video history shows how the force has developed from Sir Robert Peel’s first ‘Peelers’ to the modern constable.
		Whether controlling crowds at Wembley’s White Horse Cup Final in 1923, ending the Balcombe Street siege in the world media glare over 50 years later or fighting the unseen threat of 1990s terrorism, the force has proved more than equal to the task.
		With rare archive material contributed by police authorities nationwide, this is undoubtedly the most detailed picture yet of the British Police force yesterday and today.
	www.rajon.com.au /rajonvision.com.au/dsp_dvdvid_profile.cfm?item_id=1302&type=2 (105 words)

	Kings Arms, Woolwich at AllExperts
		The Kings Arms is a public house in Woolwich, London that was bombed in 1974 and is now a landmark on the route of the London Marathon.
		Standing at 1 Frances Street by Woolwich Dockyard, it was built in the nineteenth century.
		Responsibility for this bombing was subsequently claimed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) and specifically by Martin O'Connell (Balcombe Street Gang), who was later known as part of the gang apprehended at the Balcombe Street siege.
	en.allexperts.com /e/k/ki/kings_arms,_woolwich.htm (235 words)

	SEARC'S WEB GUIDE - Joe O'Connell (born 1951)
		In 1976 he, together with Harry Duggan, Eddie Butler and Hugh Doherty, were members of an IRA active service unit who were arrested after the 'Balcombe Street siege' in London.
		Joe O'Connell was transferred to Portlaoise Prison in the Irish Republic in 1998 and released in 1999.
		The extract below is from the Balcombe Street unit's 'speech from the dock', delivered by Joe O'Connell at the Old Bailey, in which they drew attention to the fact that the Guildford Four* were innocent of the charges for which they were to spend fourteen years in prison.©
	www.searcs-web.com /oconn9.html (864 words)

	Weekly Worker 591 - Thursday September 8 2005
		Told through documentary, drama and first-hand accounts, this feature-length history special is the first account of the activities of the IRA unit know as the ‘Balcombe Street gang’.
		This speech, made at the Balcombe Street siege trial by the leader of the unit, Joe O Connell, shows both the limitations of their programme and that they were far from being mindless fanatics.
		That relationship is one of a state of war against the occupation of Ireland by Britain.
	www.cpgb.org.uk /worker/591/ira.htm (1031 words)

	Siege (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Combined with a primitive flamethrower, it proved an effective offensive and defensive weapon.
		[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/trebuchet/ Secrets of Lost Empires: Medieval Siege] (PBS) Informative and interactive webpages about medieval siege tactics.
		[http://www.keyway.ca/htm2003/20030411.htm The Siege Of The City] Biblical perspectives.
	www.homestayfinder.com /Dictionary.aspx?q=siege (5415 words)

	CAIN: Events: IRA Truce - 9 Feb 1975 to 23 Jan 1976 - A Chronology of Main Events
		Another Protestant civilian was shot dead by mistake by the UVF at a scrap metal yard near Glengormley, County Antrim.
		There was a car chase and an exchange of gunfire before the IRA members took over a council flat in Balcombe Street and held the married couple living in the flat hostage.
		The siege ended when the hostages were released unharmed and the IRA members surrendered to police.]
	cain.ulst.ac.uk /events/truce/chron.htm (2126 words)

	Balcombe Street Siege, in London
		This was the scene of the Balcombe Street IRA siege of 1975.
		Description: This little street just off Baker Street found itself in 1975 at the epicentre of the famous Balcombe Street Siege in which four armed IRA bombers held an old couple hostage for six days.
		The siege was actually centred on flat 22b.
	www.shadyoldlady.com /location.php?loc=303 (183 words)

	Siege, The: S at Canadian Content
		Gurkha,spirit,triumphs, siege,Nawzad,Gurkha spirit triumphs in siege of Nawzad, canadian, forums, politics, prime minister, toronto, ontario, vancouver, british columbia, montreal, quebec After the Battle of Nawzad between the British and the Taliban
		Then the siege of the Kahnawake reserve was over.
		It has been drafted in from Hereford on several occasions to assist in terrorist incidents, notably the Iranian Embassy siege in 1980 and the Balcombe Street siege in 1975, when an IRA active service unit held a
	www.canadiancontent.net /dir/Top/Arts/Movies/Titles/S/Siege,_The (917 words)

	Intelligence: Times Online - Ernest Bond - obituary
		His success was rewarded by the Queenâs Police Medal in 1972 and his further promotion to Deputy Assistant Commissioner (Operations) at the end of that year.
		It was while in this post that he masterminded the handling of the Balcombe Street siege in December 1975.
		After shots had been fired into Scottâs restaurant in Mayfair, four men from an active service unit of the Provisional IRA were chased and trapped in a flat in Balcombe Street, Marylebone.
	www.ladlass.com /intel/archives/001060.html (1135 words)

	CAIN: Chronology of the Conflict 1977
		However elsewhere the situation appeared to be stabilising with electricity supplies continuing as normal and with apparently fewer street disturbances.
		Roy Mason, then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, marked the end of his first year in the region by stating that 'the myth of British withdrawal from Northern Ireland' was now dead.
		Colin McNutt (18), a member of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), was shot dead by undercover British Army soldiers at the junction of William Street and Little James Street, Derry.
	cain.ulst.ac.uk /othelem/chron/ch77.htm (4943 words)

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