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Topic: Baldassarre Cossa

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	AllRefer.com - Baldassarre Cossa (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Baldassarre Cossa[bAldAs-sAr´rA kOs´sA] Pronunciation Key, c.1370–1419, Neapolitan churchman, antipope (1410–15; see Schism, Great) with the name John XXIII.
		In 1408 he deserted Gregory XII and helped to bring about the Council of Pisa to end the schism between the Roman and the Avignon popes.
		The council, declaring both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII deposed, set up a third claimant, Alexander V. On Alexander's death a year later, Cardinal Cossa was elected.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Cossa-Ba.html (365 words)

	Tomb of the Erstwhile Pope
		Cossa needed a way to cleanse the money’s he collected through less than scrupulous means; extortion money and levies against foreign students of Bologna and from the family income allegedly derived through piracy.
		Sadly for Baldassarre Cossa, the shame of being deposed as Pope Giovanni XXIII appeared to crush him and led to his demise in 1419 at the age of 49.
		Cossa died in Cosimo de Medici’s home, naming Giovanni di Bicci as one of four executors and bequeathing the Medici family his large collection of gems.
	www3.telus.net /Quattrocento_Florence/erstwhilepope.html (1251 words)

	Message Board
		Baldassare Cossa (1370-1419) aka Antipope John XXIII (not to be confused with Pope John XXIII of the twentieth century).
		Deposed by the council of Constance on 29
		This third pope died and the Council of Pisa, elected Cossa as Pope.
	www.piratesinfo.com /mysql/phorum/read.php?1,13727 (524 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Antipope John XXIII
		He played an important part in the Council of Pisa (1409), and, when the two popes, Gregory XII of Rome and Benedict XIII of Avignon, were deposed, he conducted the election of Pietro Philarghi, who was elevate to the papacy and crowned as Alexander V.
		At the forty-second session of the council, 28 Dec., 1417, after Martin V had been elected, the release of Cossa was decreed.
		But Cossa was completely crushed, and died a few months later at Florence, where he was buried in the baptistery beside the cathedral.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08434a.htm (1640 words)

	Baldassarre - Wikipedia
		Baldassarre è un nome proprio di persona italiano maschile.
		Viene festeggiato il 25 aprile in ricordo del Beato Baldassarre, francescano di Mondovì.
		Se conosci curiosità pertinenti al nome Baldassarre o alle sue varianti, aggiungile in questo paragrafo.
	it.wikipedia.org /wiki/Baldassarre (85 words)

	This from NEWS BYTES & PROPHECY UPDATES…below you will find a description of St
		Baldassarre was born in 1370 and was one of the seven Cardinals who, in 1408, deserted Gregory XII and who had pieced themselves under the jurisdiction of Benedict XIII.
		In 1409 Cossa played an important part in the Council of Pisa and when Popes Gregory XII and Benedict XIII were deposed, he conducted the election of Alexander V who remained entirely under his influence.
		Malachy's prophecy is an allusion to the fact that Cossa became Cardinal of the title of St. Eustachius, who has the stag as an emblem.
	www.nbapu.com /1CanidatetobethefalseProphet.htm (15548 words)

	Cossa Baldassarre: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		Baldassarre seems to have offered the figure for...because he thought the price too low, but Baldassarre angrily refused to sell him the statue...
		COSSA, BALDASSARRE baldas-sar ra kos sa, c.1370 1419, Neapolitan churchman, antipope...third claimant, Alexander V. On Alexanders death a year later, Cardinal Cossa was elected.
		Fortunes shifted repeatedly, but at his death Lancelot was able to transfer his kingdom to his sister, Joanna...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101239059 (738 words)

	Kappa Sigma: Epsilon-Iota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1400, at the University of Bologna, Manuel Chrysoloras and his disciples formed a society for mutual protection against physical attack and robbery by the unscrupulous governor of the city of Bologna, Baldassarre Cossa.
		Tradition holds that Cossa practiced extortion and robbery against the students, that he levied fees upon foreign students, and that Cossa's agents preyed on those students when given the opportunity.
		After Cossa finally left Bologna to usurp the Papacy under the name John XXIII, Kappa Sigma still flourished at the University of Bologna, and later spread to many European universities - effectively becoming one of the world's first fraternities.
	www.kappasigmaei.com /history.html (594 words)

	Antipope John XXIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Baldassare Cossa, (about 1370 – November 22, 1419), also known as John XXIII,was Pope or antipope during the Western Schism (1410–1415) and is now officially regarded by the Catholic Church as an antipope.
		The origins of the North American student fraternity Kappa Sigma stem from Cossa's governorship of Bologna, where his campaign of assault and robbery against the students of the University of Bologna led to the formation of a secret organization under the teacher Manuel Chrysoloras for mutual protection against Cossa's robbers.
		Cossa, as he was again, was briefly imprisoned in Germany before being freed by Martin V in 1418.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII (514 words)

	The Cardinal, the Citizen, and the Council of Constance
		The first was John XXIII, who is now called Baldassarre Cossa, the next Gregory XII, now called Angelo Corario, and the last Benedict XIII, now called Pedro de Luna.
		Baldassarre Cossa was brought from Radolfzell to Gottlieben, below Constance, and there the heinous articles and charges of wrongdoing that had been proved against him were read to him, and he was sentenced to perpetual imprisonment.
		"Further, the said holy synod decrees, enacts, and ordains, for the good of the union of the Church of God, that lord Baldassarre Cossa, Pedro de Luna, and Angelo Corario, known of late by their obediences as John XXIII, Benedict XIII, and Gregory XII, shall never be reelected to the papacy."
	www.etss.edu /hts/hts2/info32.htm (2928 words)

	Baldassare Cossa - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Cossa, Baldassare, c.1370-1419, Neapolitan churchman, antipope (1410-15; see Schism, Great) with the name John XXIII.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Cossa, Baldassare" at HighBeam.
		More information is at your fingertips at HighBeam Research:
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/Cossa-Ba.asp (362 words)

	Antipapa Giovanni XXIII - Wikipedia
		Apparteneva alla famiglia dei Cossa, signori di Procida e Ischia, legata alla dinastia angioina.
		Il finanziamento del concilio di Pisa avvenne tramite i beni dello stesso Cossa e con un aiuto da parte del Comune di Firenze e di Luigi II d'Angiò, che aveva nel Cossa un importante alleato contro il suo rivale Ladislao d’Angiò Durazzo.
		Fu così che il Cossa poté recarsi a Firenze, dove arrivò il 23 giugno 1419 e, vestito come un dottore di legge, si presentò davanti a Martino V riconoscendolo legittimo pontefice.
	it.wikipedia.org /wiki/Baldassarre_Cossa (1019 words)

	The New York Review of Books: Absolution
		In point of fact, however, that name was taken less than a century later than the death of John XXII by Baldassarre Cossa upon his election to the papacy as John XXIII on May 17, 1410.
		Infamous for his unscrupulousness and his ambition, Cossa was forced by the Council of Constance to abdicate on May 29, 1415, and he and Benedict were declared Anti-Popes.
		After a three year imprisonment in the Palatine, with his old enemy the Elector Ludwig III as his jailer, Cossa returned to Italy, where he threw himself on the mercy of Pope Martin V. He died as the Cardinal-Bishop of Tusculum on December 22, 1419.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/6095 (737 words)

	IFC website
		Kappa Sigma's legendary founding draws on historical events that occurred in the city of Bologna, Italy, in 1400 A.D. Manuel Chrysoloras, a Greek emissary teaching at the University of Bologna, formed with some of his students a society to protect one another against the unscrupulous governor of the city, a former pirate named Baldassarre Cossa.
		Cossa was infamous for sending robbers to attack and steal from foreigners — in this case, non-city residents.
		These students bore weapons for protection and devised secret signs, words, and forms to protect their ranks from infiltration.
	www.uwosh.edu /home_pages/organizations/ifc/about.html (2172 words)

	Kappa Sigma - History
		There were five students who considered themselves sons of Manuel Chrysoloras banded together with Chrysoloras and created Kappa Sigma to protect themselves against the corrupt governor of Bologna, Baldassarre Cossa.
		They brought him to the house where he was made the official house mascot and given the name "Cossa." Unfortunately, as time went on Cossa's "visit" created mixed feelings among the brothers.
		As a result he was given to a family living on a large far, several miles from Corvallis.
	oregonstate.edu /groups/ksig/history.htm (3562 words)

	Kappa Sigma Fraternity - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Manual Chrysoloras, a Greek scholar who taught at the University, organized the group to protect themselves.
		In that day of corrupted city-states, the brothers protected themselves against physical attack and robbery by the henchmen of the unscrupulous governor of the city, Baldassarre Cossa.
		In 1400, Chrysoloras and his five disciples formed a society for mutual protection, which inspired the rituals and beliefs of the modern day Kappa Sigma Fraternity.
	www.muzetakappasig.com /history.html (528 words)

	Schism, Great. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Council of Pisa (1409; see Pisa, Council of) was the result.
		This meeting declared that Gregory XII of the Roman (or Urbanist) line and Benedict XIII of the Avignon (or Clementine) line were not popes and elected another, Alexander V. He died soon after, but his energetic successor, Baldassarre Cossa (John XXIII, 1410–15), detached most of Europe from his rivals.
		In 1414 John reluctantly convened the Council of Constance (see Constance, Council of).
	www.bartleby.com /65/sc/Schism-G.html (485 words)

	Tuscia Viterbese :: Le tradizioni della Tuscia
		It was the year 1408, when Pope Gregory XII entrusted Latera Castle to Ranuccio Farnese.
		The investiture took place in Latera in the presence of the papal legate, Cardinal Baldassarre Cossa Diacono.
		The whole village joins in the historic pageant commemorating the event and its medieval streets are metamorphised back into their original guise, a time warp which takes us straight back to 1400.
	www.tusciaviterbese.it /engtradi/latera.htm (343 words)

	Comune di San Gimignano - itinerari artistici: il Duomo
		Canons, Franciscan, Capuchin, Dominican and Augustinian friars preached from the pulpit of the church as did Girolamo Savonarola in 1483.
		Several Cardinals were given the title of Proposto (the person responsible for the Propositura) of the church, as in 1146 Giordano Orsini, Napoleone Orsini in 1314, Francesco Carbone in 1389, Francesco Soderini in 1495 and Baldassarre Cossa who was elected Antipope in 1410 and removed in 1414 by the Council of Costanza.
		Entering the central nave we find two famous wooden statues by Jacopo della Quercia standing on both sides of the fresco illustrating the "Martyrdom of St. Sebastiano" by Benozzo Gozzoli.
	www.sangimignano.com /sgiduoi.htm (546 words)

	NewKS2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Order was founded to provide mutual protection from Baldassarre Cossa, the tyrant in control of Bologna at the time.
		Cossa routinely supported crimes against the foreigners in the city, and the group of six gentlemen sought to end this.
		The Order spread throughout Europe, with chapters at Paris, Naples, and Florence to name a few.
	www.mercer.edu /kappasigma/NewKS2.htm (343 words)

	Coming out of the Middle Ages
		Gregorius XII (Angelo Correr 1406 - 1415) click here to see his coat of arms in the Cathedral of Siena.
		ohannes XXIII - the (Anti)Pope (Baldassarre Cossa 1410 - 1415)
		When Cardinal Roncalli became Pope in 1958 he named himself John: the number was quite an issue: he ended up by being John XXIII.
	members.tripod.com /romeartlover/MiddleAge.html (889 words)

	About Us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kappa Sigma was first organized over 600 years ago in Bologna, Italy.
		In order to gain protection form the notorious Baldassarre Cossa, student disciples under Manuel Chrysoloras banded together to form the first Greek-lettered Fraternity.
		Kappa Sigma was first brought to America on December 10, 1869 by five friends and brothers at the University of Virginia.
	www.upstatekappasigma.org /about.html (196 words)

	Timeline
		Donatello (Donato di Niccolò di Betto) is born
		Death of Pope Giovanni [John] XXIII (Baldassarre Cossa)
		Pope Sixtus IV (Francesco della Rovere) is born
	www3.telus.net /Quattrocento_Florence/timeline.html (150 words)

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