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Topic: Balkan Wars

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First Balkan War

Balkan League

List of wars

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Treaty of London, 1913

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Treaty of Bucharest, 1913

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Balkans

	balkan wars - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The wars were an important precursor to World War I, to the extent that Austria-Hungary took alarm at the great increase in Serbia's territory and regional status.
		The background to the wars lies in the incomplete emergence of nation-states on the fringes of the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century.
		Serbians had gained substantial territory during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, while Greece acquired Thessaly in 1881 (although she lost a small area to Turkey in 1897) and Bulgaria (an autonomous principality since 1878) incorporated the formerly distinct province of Eastern Rumelia (1885).
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Balkan-Wars (571 words)

	AllRefer.com - Balkan Wars (Wars And Battles) - Encyclopedia
		Balkan Wars, 1912–13, two short wars, fought for the possession of the European territories of the Ottoman Empire.
		The outbreak of the war (Oct., 1912), in which Greece and Montenegro joined the original allies, was followed by the speedy expulsion of the Turks from all of European Turkey, except the Constantinople area.
		The Balkan Wars prepared the way for World War I by satisfying some of the aspirations of Serbia and thereby giving a great impetus to the Serbian desire to annex parts of Austria-Hungary; by alarming Austria and stiffening Austrian resolution to crush Serbia; and by giving causes of dissatisfaction to Bulgaria and Turkey.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/BalkanWa.html (427 words)

	Balkan Wars
		Two consecutive wars fought from 1912 to 1913 among the countries of the Balkan Peninsula for possession of European territories held by the Ottoman Empire.
		The Balkan Wars severely damaged European alliances and helped kindle the volatile conditions that led to the outbreak of World War I (1914-1918).
		The Balkan states saw in the Turkish revolution of 1908-1909 and the Turko-Italian War of 1911-1912 an opportunity to retaliate against the Turks, their former oppressors.
	www.geocities.com /dorik2k/iearn/bwars.htm (982 words)

	New Balkan Politics - Issue 3
		And every war is definitely transformed into a crime against the entire humanity, which, instead of abandoning it, is further expanding the idea and practice of war as the hardest and most ugly form of relations among people.
		The war dogs constantly awake their ambitions to show their inhuman forces; words like “tolerance” and “understanding” are of the lowest value because many still believe that conflicts and wars are the most beautiful in the world.
		The Second World War was also waged in the Balkans, and in the meantime a number of military conflicts and civil wars both among and in the Balkan countries were waged – and now, at the end of the 20th century, new wars are still disturbing the spirits of humanity.
	www.newbalkanpolitics.org.mk /OldSite/Issue_5/temkov.war.eng.asp (1677 words)

	Balkan Wars - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Balkan Wars 1912-13, two short wars, fought for the possession of the European territories of the Ottoman Empire.
		Aggression versus apathy: the limits of nationalism during the Balkan wars, 1912-1913.
		Aftermath of the Balkan war, the rise of anti-Americanism, and the end of democracy in Russia.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-balkanw1a.html (522 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Balkan
		Balkan Wars BALKAN WARS [Balkan Wars] 1912-13, two short wars, fought for the possession of the European territories of the Ottoman Empire.
		Historically, Rumelia denoted the Balkan possessions (particularly Thrace and Macedonia, and excluding Bosnia) of the Ottoman Empire.
		Albania is on the Adriatic Sea coast of the Balkan Peninsula, between Montenegro on the northwest, Serbia on the northeast, Macedonia on
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Balkan (671 words)

	Balkan Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912–1913 in the course of which the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece, and Serbia) first conquered Ottoman-held Macedonia, Albania and most of Thrace and then fell out over the division of the spoils.
		The war was practically four different wars fought against the same enemy at the same time in the same region.
		The war was ended with the Treaty of London on May 17 1913.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Balkan_Wars (2060 words)

	The Balkan Wars and the Partition of Macedonia
		The Balkan Wars and the Partition of Macedonia
		Believing that this war would bring the long-expected freedom, the Macedonian people took active part in the First Balkan War with their own regiments (chetas) and voluntary units.
		However, the attempts to prevent the compulsory partition of Macedonia were in vain because the Balkan and the European states remained deaf to the demands of the Macedonian people for preserving the integrity of their land and its constitution as a state.
	www.historyofmacedonia.org /PartitionedMacedonia/BalkanWars.html (911 words)

	war and social upheaval : Balkan Wars (1879-1913)early events
		The series of wars among the various countries and principalities in the Balkan Peninsula which occurred between their gaining og independence from the Ottomon Empire and the onset of World War I are collectively known as the Balkan Wars.
		The primary conflict in the Balkans was between Austria-Hungary and Russia for dominance in the Balkans with the weigning power of the Ottomon Empire.
		The Second Balkan War was largely fought among those Christian states and involved attrocities and ethnic cleaning that still affect the people of the Balkans today.
	histclo.com /essay/war/war-balk.html (1301 words)

	The Balkan causes of World War I (via CobWeb/3.1 vn1.cs.wustl.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The debate began during the war itself as each side tried to lay blame on the other, became part of the "war guilt" question after 1918, went through a phase of revisionism in the 1920s, and was revived in the 1960s thanks to the work of Fritz Fischer.
		From a Balkan perspective, it is crucial to look at the actors and decision-makers who were at work during the conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, the two states involved in the original Sarajevo crisis.
		After the Greco-Turk war of 1897, the ethnic fighting in Macedonia, the two Balkan Wars, and the Italian war with Turkey in 1911, war in the Balkans was not unusual.
	www.lib.msu.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /sowards/balkan/lect15.htm (4370 words)

	Amazon.com: Balkan Wars, 1912-1913 : Prelude to the First World War (Warfare and History): Books: Richard C. Hall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Austro-Prussian War: Austria's War with Prussia and Italy in 1866 by Geoffrey Wawro
		The Balkan Wars were a sharp and bloody series of conflicts fought in southeastern Europe during the autumn of 1912 and the winter, spring, and summer of 1913.
		Because of the short time between the end of the Balkan Wars and the beginning of the Great War, the author argues that the military lessons of the Balkan Wars regarding machine guns, quick firing artillery, and aircraft reconnaissance could not be properly absorbed by the military tacticians of the day.
	www.amazon.com /Balkan-Wars-1912-1913-Prelude-Warfare/dp/0415229472 (2401 words)

	Free Essay The Balkan Wars and Causes
		A little Balkan war was swamped in a struggle of European powers and there became a general upheaval in Europe, which destroyed its stable civilization.
		Russia's concern in the Balkans was the control of Constantinople (a warm water port) and the security of its borders in Asia and the Far East.
		This long-standing rivalry triggered the spark that caused the outbreak of war.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=26460 (2024 words)

	Balkan Wars IV by Fred C. Davis
		BALKAN WARS I was designed by Charles N. Reinsel in 1974.
		BALKAN WARS III was Fred Davis' first modification of Reinsel's game, to improve the map and rules, in 1986.
		In BALKAN WARS IV I've added five new neutral centres, two new ordinary spaces, and two new sea spaces (Cyclades and the Eastern Med.), so there are now 26 centres and 26 non-centres.
	www.variantbank.org /results/rules/b/balkan4.htm (1013 words)

	The Balkan Wars
		In 1911 a war broke out between the Italy and Turkey and the Resistance alliance was formed by Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia and Montenegro.
		After a formal ultimatum given to Turkey for reform in Macedonia under unacceptable conditions on October 18, 1912 Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece declared war on Turkey (the first Balkan war) and Macedonia was transformed into a battlefield.
		In 1914 the First World War began and the Macedonian opulationwas in a position where they had serve in armies which fought against each other and the Macedonian territory was engaged in military attacks.
	www.soros.org.mk /konkurs/058/balk_wars.htm (440 words)

	The Making of Balkan Wars: The Game
		The Making of Balkan Wars: The Game is intended to counteract the spectacularization of war in media by deconstructing stereotypes, focusing on the distortion of identities, and revising the dominant explanatory logic.
		Since the Balkan region, its history, culture and people are misrepresented and neglected in mass-market PC video games, Personal Cinema proposes that artists respond creatively, by designing an epic strategy game that includes the complexity of real geopolitical, ethnic, and economic relations -- the game that Californian fantasy industry neither comprehends nor attempts.
		It is an opportunity to articulate new narratives that resonate with the memories and experiences of the artists, many of whom have faced first-hand the contradictions of the dominant media representations.
	www.personalcinema.org /wargame (757 words)

	RW ONLINE:How Capitalism Caused the Balkan Wars
		These wars are caused by the capitalist rivalries of various ruling classes of the republics of former Yugoslavia--coldly egged on, armed, and backed by imperialist powers, like Germany, the U.S. and Russia.
		Warring bourgeois camps sprang out--claiming to protect the survival of different national groups--while they pursued their own interests and sought to divide the people along national lines.
		This bitter series of Balkan wars is a living example both of how capitalism leads to the domination of one nation over another and how imperialism inflames conflicts among the people into reactionary war.
	rwor.org /a/v20/1000-1009/1001/kosobk.htm (2520 words)

	The Balkan Wars - History - Greece - Europe
		In October 1912, in the First Balkan War, Greece attacked the Ottoman Empire in alliance with Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro.
		When King George was shot and killed by a deranged assassin in March 1913, he was succeeded by his eldest son, who was crowned Constantine I. Greece appeared poised to achieve many of its expansionist ambitions at the expense of the Ottoman Empire.
		However, the turmoil of World War I (1914-1918) would soon shatter the political unity that had led to the victories of the Balkan Wars.
	www.countriesquest.com /europe/greece/history/the_balkan_wars.htm (405 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Danube River is the chief commercial waterway in the Balkans.
		The Second Balkan War began with a Bulgarian attack on the Greeks and Serbs on the night of June 29-30, 1913: The second war was shorter, but much bloodier, than the first.
		Bulgaria and Turkey were the only Balkan countries on the side of Germany and Austria-Hungary in World War I. France became a leading ally of the Balkans during World War I. After World War I, Serbia, Montenegro, and territories to the north of them were combined in the kingdom that would later be called Yugoslavia.
	www.balkan-archive.org.yu /kosta/history/balkan.html (1117 words)

	Macedonia FAQ: The Aegean Part Of Macedonia After the Balkan Wars
		After the Balkan Wars (1912-1913), the First World War (1914-1918) and especially after the Peace Treaties of Lausanne (1923), which gave the Macedonian issue a central place, there began a great ethnic cleansing of Macedonians, who in 1912 had numbered 374,000, from the Aegean part of Macedonia.
		In view of the fact that large numbers of Macedonians had taken part in the Civil War, the consequences of this Decree and other regulations were borne mostly by them, but, after all, that was the main intention of the decrees.
		When the Civil War ended they requested to be allowed to return to their villages, but their request was turned down and their properties were pillaged and their homes demolished.
	faq.macedonia.org /history/12.1.4.html (4266 words)

	Bulgarian Military History in the Balkan Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		At the beginning of the 20th century, Turkey still possessed large holdings in the Balkans, including all of what is now Albania and northern Greece, and the treatment of her Christian subjects there, especially in Macedonia, left much to be desired.
		Following the Bulgar-Serb war in 1885, it had been rumored that the Serbs had abandoned their trenches as soon as they heard the strains of the Bulgar national hymn, Shumi Maritza; whatever the truth of that, on October 24, the entire Turkish garrison of Kirk Kilissa retired.
		All the signatories looked on both treaties of the Balkan wars as mere scraps of paper that would only generate further conflict, and they were right.
	www.jcanu.hpg.ig.com.br /history/h4sep/bulgamil.htm (2550 words)

	Great progress and the Balkan wars
		The war against the Ottoman Empire, known in history as the First Balkan War, broke out on October 8, 1912, at Montenegro's declaration.
		In the Second Balkan War, which erupted between erstwhile allies, Montenegro took the side of Serbia: on July 10, 1913, King Nikola declared war on Bulgaria and sent the Decani Force, numbering 13.000 troops, to Macedonia to assist the Serbian Army.
		The Balkan Wars proved favorable to Montenegro, which expanded its territory by and additional 5.000 square kilometers, to total 14.442 square kilometers.
	www.njegos.org /mnhistory/hist4.htm (1089 words)

	New Balkan Politics - Issue 2
		The new and modern feature of these wars was that for the first time in Balkan annals an effort, however imperfect, was made by some of the combatants and by some of the civil officials, to respect an European ideal of humanity.
		But the main fact is that war suspended the restraints of civil life, inflamed the passions that slumber in time of peace, destroyed the natural kindliness between neighbors, and set in its place the will to injure.
		In applying this sound maxim to the facts of the second Balkan war, the conclusion is forced upon one, that in so far as the treaty of Bucharest has sanctioned the illegitimate claims of victorious nationalities, it is a work of injustice which in all probability will fail to resist the action of time.
	www.newbalkanpolitics.org.mk /OldSite/Issue_2/kenan.eng.asp (1356 words)

	Bulgaria in Balkan Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		On the eve of the First Balkan War, Bulgaria had been an independent nation for only 34 years.
		On the 23rd, the Bulgarians launched a night bayonet attack on the Turkish trenches in front of Kirk Kilissa.
		war in 1885, it had been rumored that the Serbs had abandoned their trenches as soon as they heard the strains of the Bulgar national
	members.aol.com /bogdanovaslava/BalkanWars.html (1314 words)

	Balkan Wars — Infoplease.com
		After the conclusion of hostilities Serbia showed intentions of annexing a large part of Albania, in order to gain an outlet on the Adriatic, but this step toward a “Greater Serbia”; was opposed by Austria-Hungary and Italy and by the Albanians, who had proclaimed their independence.
		A fork in the road: Croatia's stunning military success may have begun a Balkan endgame.
		Yugoslavia and Its Historians: Understanding the Balkan Wars of the 1990s.(Book Review)(Brief......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0805909.html (549 words)

	The Kirk » Blog Archive » Historical — Balkan Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was the Balkan League (Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, and Bulgaria) against the Ottoman Empire.
		Most point out that the wars during the 1870s were the precursor towards a grander war down the road.
		The war in the Balkans fired that up and the assassination on the Archduke lit the fuse that blew up the world.
	www.joshkirkendall.com /?p=524 (264 words)

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