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Topic: Balkan languages

Related Topics

List of languages that survived oblivion

Minority language

Language revival

European languages

Macedo Romanian language

Macedonian language

Balkan linguistic union

Messapian language

Dalmatian language

Turkish language

Sociolinguistics

Albanian language

Origin of Romanians

Vlachs

German as a minority language

	Balkan linguistic union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Balkan linguistic union or Balkansprachbund is a name given to the similarities in grammar, syntax, vocabulary and phonology found in the languages of the Balkans.
		The Roman Empire ruled all the Balkans and it would be possible that a local variation of Latin left its mark on all the languages of the Balkans, which later were the substrate to the Slavic newcomers.
		In the Balkan languages, the genitive and dative cases (or corresponding prepositional constructions) are merged.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Balkan_linguistic_union (1522 words)

	The Balkan Linguistic Union
		The Turks, occupying various regions all over the Balkan peninsula during the period of their domination, are at present concentrated mainly in its southeastern parts.
		Balkanisms appear equally in the speech of Northern Rumanians living in the Timok valley, south of the Danube, in Transylvania, Wallachia (Muntenia) or Moldova.
		He states that it is not always possible to know the origin of a certain feature: they may be the effect of the substratum, or of the prolonged and close symbiosis between the different populations, influencing each other, of which most influence emanated from Greek, which is explained by the superior Greek civilization.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/B/Balkan_Linguistic_Union.html (985 words)

	Victor Friedman CV
		Makedonskiot jazik vo balkanskiot kontekst (The Macedonian language in its Balkan Context).
		The Indefiniteness of •oneê in its Macedonian and Balkan Context.
		Pragmatikata i Gramatikalizacijata vo balkanskite jazici [Macedonian: Pragmatics and grammaticalization in the Balkan languages].
	humanities.uchicago.edu /depts/linguistics/faculty/friedmancv.html (11843 words)

	Free Electives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The latin language in the Balkans (its influences in existing languages and the creation of neo-latin languages in the Balkans).
		Balkan linguistics (common characteristics of all Balkan languages).
		In relation to the Balkans, the purpose of the course is to analyze the aims of Greek foreign policy in the Balkan region and to examine Greek-Balkan relations from 1923 until today.
	www.auth.gr /balkan/en_S-PgmSemFreeElectives.htm (1101 words)

	The Balkan Linguistic Convergence Area
		In the case of the Balkans, the long cultural and political dominance of the Byzantine Greeks left an early imprint on the intellectual and religious spheres.
		Language convergence by itself cannot be considered to fully account for the Balkan language situation, for it seems too fortuitous that all these languages would have converged on all these varied points due to internal reasons alone.
		In any situation where people have to use several languages, there is a tendency not to fully master the grammar of the new language(s) in entirety, and one of the first casualties would have been the complex synthetic features, such as the Slavic case system.
	www.gis.net /~amesar/papers/balkan.html (2448 words)

	Balkan Comparative Syntax
		A speaker of one of these languages, when confronted with a parallelism between their mi and another's mos (or vice-versa) could easily have noted a difference in the extent of usage of the form in the other language and could have used that as the model for extending their use of their own native element.
		Balkan Linguistics: Synchrony and Diachrony(University of Thessaloniki, Greece, 1999)
		It is often the case that languages in a Sprachbund are not related to one another or at least not closely related; in the case of the Balkans, although most of the relevant languages are Indo-European, they represent different subgroups (branches) of the Indo-European family.
	www.ling.ohio-state.edu /~bjoseph/articles/balkan.htm (8282 words)

	Abstracts
		The crucial point is to work out the mechanisms (language, symbols, politics of memory) of the Macedonian cross-border cohesion which in the last 10 years has led to a slow and partial ethnicisation and even nationalisation of Greece 's Slavic minority towards the Republic of Macedonia, especially in the centre of the "ethnic revival", i.e.
		Language planning, language use and language attitudes in Vardar- and Aegean Macedonia during the 20 th century", including impressions of several fieldwork stays in the region between 2000 and 2003 as well as results of the conference "Minorities in Greece.
		Furthermore it implied conflict of political interests, the rise of anti-hellenism in varying degrees, a fierce Balkan counter-offensive on disputed ethnic grounds, the disappearance of the Greek language from the Balkan urban centres and, the worst, the rapid assimilation of Greece 's Balkan Diaspora, a capital overestimated before the 1850s.
	www.flwi.ugent.be /czes/abstracts.htm (8014 words)

	tomic.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There is a general agreement among analysts of Balkan languages that the Neg projection in these languages is in the IP periphery, lower than CP.
		Material basis for this argument is the fact that in the languages of the Balkans, verbs with imperative morphology and bare subjunctive constructions share interpretative properties: they both point to "non-veridical" events and can be used with imperative force.
		Although in the surface structures of the Balkan Slavic imperatives the negation marker appears to the left of the verb, while in subjunctive constructions it appears to the right of the subjunctive marker, shared interpretative and selectional properties argue for analogy in the placement of Neg.
	home.olemiss.edu /~mldyer/balk/tomic.html (233 words)

	[No title]
		Balkanisms appear equally in the speech of Northern Rumanians living in the Timok valley, south of the Danube, in Transylvania, Muntenia or Moldavia.
		The age in which the Balkan languages borrowed this large amount of Greek elements and elements of speech from one another, cannot be determined in all cases.
		In the western Romance languages, the verb of the subordinated clause must be put in the same tense as the verb of the principal phrase which reproduces the saying of the other person, e.g., il m´a dit qu´il était malade´ he told me that he was sick´.
	www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/dunay/dunay05.htm (7434 words)

	Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Centuries of language mixture led to the situation that many authors say that in the explaining of those contacts a term “Balkan languages” must be used, because it is very difficult to establish whether one language phenomenon came, for instance, directly from Turkish or via another language, which already took that word from Turkish.
		They were bilinguals in monolingual environment and with great effort maintained their language, but, nevertheless, did not left immune to the influences of other languages in the zone.
		Serbian was the language of domicile population and Turkish, due to historical circumstances, is woven into all languages of Balkan Peninsula.
	ww1.infosky.net /~pesic/abstract.htm (393 words)

	Maria-Luisa Rivero (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It compares Romance languages such as Spanish and Rumanian, Slavic languages such as Polish and Slovenian, and Balkan languages such as Albanian and Greek.
		Its results should be of interest to typologists, comparativists, specialists of Romance, Slavic, and the Balkans, and to those concerned with linguistic theory, first and second language acquisition, language variation, and historical change.
		Balkan, Romance, and Slavic languages share several kinds of constructions with logical subjects in the dative, genitive, or accusative cases.
	aix1.uottawa.ca /~romlab (544 words)

	13th Balkan and South Slavic Conference, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Unlike the other Balkan languages, which were the objects of two-way multi-lingualism, Romani (like Judezmo) has been subjected rather to one-way multilingualism.
		In other words, speakers of the "classic" Balkan languages (Albanian, Greek, Balkan Romance, Balkan Slavic, and also Balkan Turkish) learned other languages and heard their languages spoken by others, whereas Romani-speakers were of necessity multilingual but rarely heard their language from others.
		Thus, despite the Balkan tendency toward analytic declension and merger of the genitive-dative opposition, Romani has been conservative in its maintenance of case markers and keeps a strict genitive-dative distinction.
	www.unc.edu /bss13/abstracts?friedman (442 words)

	politikforum - Thema: Bulgarian And Macedonian
		The issue of the Macedonian language, in official use as separate literary language in the Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia since 1944 (about 1.5 million speakers), is heavily charged with political emotions on the part of Bulgaria, Greece, and the former Yugoslavia, and has to be approached carefully.
		Middle Bulgarian was a transitional stage during which the language underwent crucial changes leading to its emergence as a 'Balkan' language with analytic characteristics; owing to the strong tradition of the liturgical literature, however the actual changes found in the vernaculars were hardly reflected in the manuscripts.
		Both the Old Bulgarian literary language of the ninth century and the Modern Bulgarian literary language of the nineteenth century were initiated in the western or 'Macedonian' territories.
	www.politikforum.de /forum/showthread.php?threadid=48148 (2608 words)

	HLT Projects Database: BALKANET / Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The BalkaNet project's aim is to develop a multilingual database with WordNets for a set of Balkan languages, based on the model of the EuroWordNet project, a multilingual lexical database comprising of eight different European languages, semantically represented in it.
		The most ambitious feature of the project is its attempt to represent semantic relations and organize lexical information from Balkan languages in terms of word meanings.
		Finally, one important goal of the BalkaNet is to promote the study of the lesser studied Balkan languages by creating a large-scale linguistic resource and developing a database for multi-lingual information retrieval, by expanding words in one language to words in other language(s).
	www.hltcentral.org /projects/BALKANET (231 words)

	Untitled
		In the languages in question, the only element that can be right-adjacent to C while being in an A-position is the subject.
		Although in the surface structures of the Balkan languages the negation operator appears to the left of the imperative verb, while in subjunctive constructions it appears to the right of the subjunctive marker, the shared interpretative and selectional properties of imperatives and subjunctive argue for analogy in the placement of Neg relative to Mood.
		Languages vary both with respect to the syntactic status of the negative marker (adverb, syntactic head, affix) and the way that multiple negative expressions are interpreted (Double Negation vs. Negative Concord).
	www-uilots.let.uu.nl /events/events.2003.abstracts.htm (4808 words)

	SSGL 28: Introduction
		In Southeast Europe we find the Balkan Sprachbund, "world’s most famous contact situation" as cited by Ronelle Alexander in her article on word order in Balkan languages.
		A second article that is devoted to the Balkan Sprachbund is the one by Jouko Lindstedt, who argues that difficulties in finding a source for the common grammatical innovations of the Balkan languages are not due to our limited knowledge of the history of the individual languages.
		Within the last thirty years the number of speakers has diminished, all of them are bilingual, language transmission to younger generations has almost stopped, and all the systems of the language appear to be open to influence of Russian.
	www.slavistiek.nl /ssgl/ssgl28_intro.htm (2051 words)

	Macedonia FAQ: The Modern Macedonian Language Among the South Slavic and Balkan Languages
		The Macedonian language comprises a group of Slavic dialects located in the southernmost part of Slavic linguistic territory and, even in the twentieth century, extending as far as the river Bistrica (Aliakmon) on the border of Thessaly in Greece.
		However, the fact that the Ohrid archbishopric was soon headed exclusively by Greek archbishops, and that Greek was its official language contributed to the spread of Greek cultural and linguistic influence in Macedonia especially during the Turkish period.
		Greek was the language of prestige here, and its influence was felt in writing and in everyday communication.
	faq.macedonia.org /language/modern.language.html (659 words)

	Pronunciation of Balkan Languages
		The major languages of the region are reasonably phonetic: that is, within a given language, the same letters or letter combinations are generally pronounced the same way.
		But the language is strictly phonetic, so once you get used to how letters or clusters are said, the pronunciation is not hard.
		Since the language is phonetic, Serbo-Croatian words and names are not hard to pronounce (approximately) from seeing them written, except that there is no easy way to tell where the stress falls, nor whether a vowel is long or short.
	dmorgan.web.wesleyan.edu /materials/ceelang.htm (1193 words)

	Victor Friedman: Conference Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The grammaticalization of expressions of definiteness is one of the oldest Balkanisms both in terms of possible attestation and in terms of identification as such (Hamp 1982).
		Nonetheless, a comparison of the marking of indefiniteness by means of a grammaticalized numeral 'one' is arguably a feature shared to varying degrees by the Balkan languages, and one not inherited from the attested ancestral languages.
		Victor A. Friedman Professor of Balkan and Slavic Linguistics Chair, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures Slavic Dept., University of Chicago, 1130 E. 59th St., Chicago, IL 60637 office phone: 773-702-0732 dept.
	www.ku.edu /~slavic/bss/friedman.htm (289 words)

	BalkaNet Project Home Page
		The Balkan WordNet aims at the development of a multilingual lexical database comprising of individual WordNets for the Balkan languages.
		The most ambitious feature of the BalkaNet is its attempt to represent semantic relations between words in each Balkan language and link them together in order to develop an on line multilingual semantic network.
		This project is an excellent opportunity to explore the less studied Balkan languages and combine and compare them cross-linguistically.
	www.ceid.upatras.gr /Balkanet (213 words)

	Victor A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Professor Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures (Chairman 1997-2000 and 2001-04), Department of Linguistics, Department of Anthropology (associate appointment), and the College 1993-
		The Romani Language in the Republic of Macedonia: Status, Usage, and Sociolinguistic Perspectives.
		Boundary Markers in Romani Grammar: Language Structure and Identity Maintenance in the Balkan Diaspora.
	www.ceu.hu /sun/sun_2003/CV/victor_a_friedman_2003.htm (323 words)

	DigiCULT - Links - Natural language processing
		The D'Homme project addresses the theoretical challenges in language understanding and dialogue management for controlling and querying multiple networked devices from inside or outside the home, but stops short of issues such as microphone placement or speaker identification (we assume the use of a mobile phone or a hand held remote controller with integrated microphone).
		While significant linguistics and language technologies have been committed to understanding the first explicit behaviour, the second area is less well researched and it is this area that ERMIS seeks to explore.
		To this end the utilization of natural language as a means of operation is a logical consequence to facilitate their usage.
	www.digicult.info /textonly/links.php?t=16 (3900 words)

	Bodies of Water - Baltic and Balkan Languages - Indo-European - A. Breidaks
		The attention of linguists has particularly been devoted to the Eastern regions of this area, namely to the relation between Baltic and Illyrian (as well as to the Eastern neighbors of the latter, the Thracians and Dacians).
		It must be said that about one-third of all of the river names in Lettgallia (Latvia) which have been retained from the Indo-European pantheon have definite corresponding terms in ancient Balkan (and partly also in Central European and Asia Minor) hydronymy and generally in onomastics.
		Indeed - many of the names of Lettgallian rivers and lakes become understandable only by utilizing Indo-European etymology and by explaining their relations to the names of bodies of water in the Balkans and in Central Europe.
	www.lexiline.com /lexiline/lexi35.htm (371 words)

	Balkan Languages Sites
		Due to the closure of the CandIT Centre (previously CTI Modern Languages) at the University of Hull, the Internet Resources for Language Teachers and Learners collection is no longer being maintained on this website.
		LTSN Subject Centre for Languages, Linguistics, and Area Studies
		A comprehensive collection of resources on Albanian culture, history, and language.
	www.hull.ac.uk /cti/langsite/balkan.html (293 words)

	Department of Linguistics @ U of T - Directory of Language and Linguistics @ U of T - Alphabetical Listing
		Currently working on a grammar of Standard Macedonian, and on the grammaticalization of the future tense in Balkan languages.
		I am interested in language and its promotion of knowledge development; the effects of written forms of language including the languages of math, science and computing.
		Japanese language pedagogy; EnglishJapanese bilingual education; Computer applications to the teaching of Japanese (learning of Kanji, development of literacy skills, distance instruction); Learning strategies.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /linguistics/DLL/alpha_k-n.html (475 words)

	Brian D. Joseph--On the Absence of Weak Nominative Pronouns in (Most of) the Balkans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Weak pronominal forms play an important role in the striking grammatical parallels that hold among the languages of Southeastern Europe and which have led scholars since Kopitar to recognize a special areal affinity for these languages, a Balkan "Sprachbund".
		To be included here as well is a convergence in the use of weak pronouns in deictic pronouns that Schaller 1975 has noted, in that some of the Balkan languages deictic expressions occur with weak accusative pronouns following a governing deictic word, as in (1):
		Nonetheless, despite the accusative parallels in deictics in other Balkan languages, and despite the recurrence of such nominatives in Greek dialects, Greek is unique among the Balkan languages in innovating in this way, though not among Indo-European languages, for Hittite underwent a similar development in its prehistory.
	www.ku.edu /~slavic/bss99-joseph.html (311 words)

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