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Topic: Balkar language

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	Languages of the Caucasus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The languages of the Caucasus are a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in the Caucasus region of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.
		Most of the languages spoken in the Caucasus area fall into three widely accepted language families.
		It has been speculated that the South Caucasian languages may be related to the extinct Iberian language, spoken until the 1st century BC in the Iberian peninsula (which is known as "Western Iberia" in the Caucasus, to distinguish it from the Caucasian Iberia).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caucasian_languages (910 words)

	Caucasus Foundation
		Balkars turned to Islam in the eighteenth century under Nogai and Tatar influence, and were incorporated into the Russian Empire in 1827.
		On 8 March 1944 the entire Balkar population was deported and spread throughout the Kazak and Kirgiz republics.
		In 1991 the First Congress of the Balkar People met with the aim of obtaining equal political participation and to restore their homeland, by demanding their territorial rights and full rehabilitation for losses during the years of deportation.
	www.kafkas.org.tr /english/bgkafkas/Ethnicgeography_Balkar.htm (208 words)

	Ethnologue: Russia, Europe
		Avar is used as the literary language; bilingual proficiency undetermined.
		Komi is used in the Institute for Language and Literature of the Komi branch of the Adademy of Science.
		Uralic Tatar (110,000) is spoken by the Kerashen Tatar.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/RusE.html (2754 words)

	Kabardey-Balkar (Malkar) Republic
		The Balkar (Malkar) and Karacay Turks who lived with Karacay Turks in the neighbouring regions were the victims of the policy of USSR towards the separation of these communities from one another.
		Balkar Turks were forced to establish a state with Kabardey people while the Karacay Turks were forced to establish a state with the Circassians.
		Balkar people that are divided into the branches of Mezengi, Bezingil, Hulamlı, Çezimli, Baksamlı, etc.are Muslim people and connected to the Altay branch of the Turkic language group.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0007/0007_12.htm (786 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Kabards speak a Caucasian language and are Muslims (Sunni); the Balkars speak a Turkic language.
		Livestock and poultry are raised, and wheat, corn, hemp, and fruit are grown.
		In 1943 the Balkars, accused of collaborating with the Germans, were deported, and their area, the upper Baksan valley, was ceded to the Georgian SSR.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/K/Kabardin.asp (365 words)

	Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology - UZ Usbekistan, Republik Usbekistan, Uzbekistan - Sprache, Langue, Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		ethnologue - Crimean Turkish - Language of UZ (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=crh
		ethnologue - Korean - Language of UZ (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kor
		ethnologue - Lithuanian - Language of UZ (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lit
	www.etymologie.info /~e/u_/uz-sprach.html (756 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		The Balkars argued that the territorial downgrading of the two villages constitutes one of numerous examples of discrimination by the Kabardian majority against the Balkars.
		The Balkars had enjoyed the status of an autonomous okrug (district) for only a very brief period from 1918 to 1922 prior to the formation in January 1922 of the Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Oblast, which was upgraded to an ASSR in 1936.
		The first was for the return to Balkar control of the four districts transferred to Kabardia in 1957, and for the creation of the post of republican vice president, which was to go to a Balkar; the second was for the creation of a separate Balkar republic.
	www.rferl.org /reports/caucasus-report/2005/06/19-060605.asp (1777 words)

	The Alekseev Manuscript - Chapter VII: Bronze Age in Eurasia
		HOLLIS equates Nuristani with Dardic 28, with Bashgali 29, and with the Kafiri languages 30 (Bashgali, Dardic, and Nuristani are languages of Afghanistan).
		The Italic languages and dialects according to HOLLIS are related to the Faliscan, Latin, and Venetic languages and have a grammar comparable to Armenian and Etruscan.
		The Tokharian language is synonymous with Yueh Cheh.
	www.drummingnet.com /alekseev/ChapterVII.html (12823 words)

	Balkar language and alphabet
		Balkar is a Turkic language spoken by about 240,000 people mainly in Kabardino-Balkaria in Russia, and also in Kazakhstan, Kyrghyzstan, Armenia, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan.
		The name Balkar is derived from Bolgar or Bulgar and it was relatives of the Balkar people how gave Bulgaria its name.
		Azerbaijani, Balkar, Chuvash, Evenki, Gagauz, Kazak, Kyrghyz, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Uyghur, Uzbek, Yakut
	www.omniglot.com /writing/balkar.htm (67 words)

	Karachay-Balkar language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		See IPA chart for English for an English-based pronunciation key.
		The Karachay-Balkar language (Къарачай-Малкъар /Qarachay-Malqar/) is a Turkic language spoken by the Karachays and Balkars.
		It is divided into two dialects: Karachay which pronounces two phonemes as /ʧ/ and /ʒ/, and Balkar, which pronounces the corresponding phonemes as /ts/ and /z/.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Karachay-Balkar_language (106 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:KRC
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		From 1944 to 1957 they were deported to Kazakhstan and Siberia, losing 1/4 to 1/2 of their population, and have lost much land, economic resources, and civil rights.
	www.ethnologue.com /14/show_language.asp?code=KRC (94 words)

	Kalmyk language resources
		The Kalmyk language and their traditions are dying out rapidly due to small numbers and majority pressures.
		Kalmyk language Kamassian language Karakalpak language Karelian language Kerek language Ket language Khanty language Kildin Sami language Komi-Permyak language Komi-Zyrian language Koryak language Kurmanji Kyrgyz...
		...languages wln Walloon wol Wolof xal Kalmyk xho Xhosa yao Yao (Africa) yap Yapese yid...
	mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Kalmyk.html (1422 words)

	Gagauz language resources
		Gagauz, a Turkic language of the northeast Balkans.
		The last language to adopt Cyrillic was the Gagauz language, which had used Greek script before.
		Gagauz alphabet German alphabet GuaranÃ language H Hungarian alphabet I Icelandic alphabet Igbo language Irish orthography Italian alphabet J Janalif K Kashubian alphabet Kurdish alphabet L Latvian alphabet...
	mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Gagauz.html (1313 words)

	[No title]
		The most fundamental idea behind the “comparative method” of historical linguistics is that if we find a set of words in language X which can be changed into a set of words in language Y using “regular sound changes” we can rest assured that it is not due to an accident or chance.
		Among these are Some languages do not have a written record stretching back to thousands of years BC so that other methods (even more rigorous ones) must be used.
		And the languages which were isolated for a very long time sometimes have lots more and also possess certain phonetic peculiarities.
	www.csam.montclair.edu /~hubeyh/sumer.doc (3447 words)

	The Turkic Language Family
		Traditionally, the Turkic languages are classified according to the word for foot (Samoilovich 1922), which divides the Turkic language family into two main branches.
		In general, the Turkic language family is fairly homogeneous, and some Turcologists refer to the vernaculars of this family as dialects, rather than as separate languages.
		The very similar vernaculars Karachay and Balkar have been grouped together as dialects of one language, although the speakers of these dialects are geographically separated.
	home.arcor.de /marcmarti/yugur/language/lanhist.htm (626 words)

	GeoNative - Languages of the Soviet Union
		Eskimos in Siberia: Asiatic Eskimo or Siberian Yupik language.
		Turkic language of the Sayan mountains of Siberia..
		Finnic language in Karelia and St. Petersburg region.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/sov2.html (296 words)

	Circassië
		The Karachay-Balkars who speak a Turkic language are believed to be the remnants of the Kipchak Turks who arrived in the Caucasus around 13th and 14th Centuries.(8) Since they inhabited the inaccessible areas of the northern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains, around the Mount Elbrus and Dombay, not much knowledge about them existed
		They were accused by Stalin of collaboration with the invading German Nazi Armies and for this reason first the Karachays in November 1943 and Balkars in March 1944 were deported, along with the Chechens, Ingush, Volga Germans, Meskhetians, Kalymuks and the Crieman Tartars, to the steppes of Central Asia.
		Consequently the Karachay National Oblast and the Balkar part of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria was abolished.
	www.amarcord.be /georgia/circas01.html (1866 words)

	Circassian Lexicography
		Note: The Kabardians and the Cherkess use the same literary and official language.
		Dictionary of the Literary Language of Ali Shchojen-ts'ik'w.
		Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, 1984.
	www.geocities.com /Eureka/Enterprises/2493/circlexi.html (168 words)

	National and Ethnic - Caucasus Mountains Region
		From Georgia, Georgian and the languages of the Caucasus.
		An overview of languages of the Caucasus - By Johanna Nichols.
		The Languages of Russia - North Caucasus Region.
	learning.lib.vt.edu /slav/nat_ethnic_caucasus.html (2431 words)

	Minority languages of Russia on the Net - Kabardian (Circassian) language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Spoken in the Kabardian-Balkar and Karachay-Circassian republics, in the city of Mozdok and its surroundings in the Stavropol region, in a number of villages of the Krasnodar region and the Republic of Adygea.
		National language of the Kabardians and the Circassians.
		The literary language is founded on the dialect of the Greater Kabardia.
	www.peoples.org.ru /eng_kabard.html (217 words)

	Punjabi University [TEACHING & RESEARCH DEPARTMENTS]
		In the year 1962 A.D., the Punjabi University was set up as a unitary multi- faculty research and teaching, university committed to one of the Principal tasks of the development of Punjabi Language, Literautre and Culture.
		Punjabi Language was introduced as the medium for research as well as teaching systems at higher level.
		So the main stress of the university is the promotion of the Punjabi Language and the ethos of this area of the country.
	www.universitypunjabi.org /pages/research/guru_granth_sahib.html (1392 words)

	On-line language recordings you can listen to now - List 1 - EveryTongue.com
		Note: The audio and video links below play a recording of a cassette using software that is probably on your computer.
		(Language name, population and Ethno-code from SIL International, www.ethnologue.com)
		Below are languages in countries that begin with A through L. Click here
	www.everytongue.com /list1-on-line-recordings.htm (140 words)

	bilig19abstract6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Karachay-Balkar Turkish that is a Turkic language spoken in the high mountainous part of Central Caucasus is a dialect of Kypchak Turkish.
		Although there are some old words in Karachay-Balkar Turkish which have been transferred from old Hun-Bulgar Turkish, the main vocabulary of Karachay-Balkar Turkish is formed from Kypchak Turkish.
		Karachay-Balkar people have preserved their language in the high mountainous regions of Caucasus successfully.
	www.yesevi.edu.tr /bilig/biligEng/Bilig19/Abstract19.6.htm (132 words)

	KARACHAY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		NOTE: Karachay and Balkar are almost identical languages.
		Before 1924 the Arabic script was used with additonal letters characteristic of the Turkic languages.
		Source: New Testament and Psalms in Karachay-Balkar language, Institute for Bible Translation, Stockholm 1994
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/JPN-karachay.html (49 words)

	Codes for the representation of names of languages (Library of Congress) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Codes for the representation of names of languages (Library of Congress)
		Where two codes are provided (22 languages total) the bibliographic code is given first and the terminology code is given second.
		Multiple codes for the same language are to be considered synonyms.
	www.loc.gov /standards/iso639-2/englangn.html (221 words)

	[No title]
		The census counted them with the Tatar, but the languages are distinct.
		191,000 mother tongue speakers (97%) out of an ethnic population of 197,000 including 131,000 Karachay, 66,000 Balkar (1979 census)
		As a literary language a common Kar- achay-Balkar language was created.
	www.euronet.nl /users/sota/step.html (344 words)

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