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	Balkh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Balkh is now for the most part a mass of ruins, situated some 12 km from the right bank of the Balkh River, at an elevation of about 1,200 ft (366 m).
		In 1220 Jenghiz Khan sacked Balkh, butchered its inhabitants and levelled all the buildings capable of defense — treatment to which it was again subjected in the 14th century by Timur.
		Balkh formed the government seat of Aurangzeb in his youth.
	balkh.kiwiki.homeip.net (1362 words)

	Balkh - LoveToKnow 1911
		Ibn-Haukal, an Arabian traveller of the loth century, describes Balkh as built of clay, with ramparts and six gates, and extending half a parasang.
		In 1220 Jenghiz Khan sacked Balkh, butchered its inhabitants and levelled all the buildings capable of defence, - treatment to which it was again subjected in the 14th century by Timur.
		Under the Durani monarchy it fell into the hands of the Afghans; it was conquered by Shah Murad of Kunduz in 1820, and for some time was subject to the khan of Bokhara.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Balkh (797 words)

	Balkh - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		BALKH [Balkh], town, N Afghanistan, on a dried-up tributary of the Amu Darya River.
		BALKH, AFGHANISTAN Taliban POW'S are her held in a small room in Balkh, Afghanistan, near Mazar-e-Sharif, December 4, 2001.
		Taliban POW's are kept in a thick walled cell in Balkh, Afghanistan near Mazar-e-Sharif, December 4, 2001.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-balkh.html (435 words)

	Balkh - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Balkh (also known as Wazirabad), town in northern Afghanistan, in Balkh Province, on the Balkh River, near Mazār-e Sharīf.
		Mazār-e Sharīf, city in northern Afghanistan, capital of Balkh Province, near Balkh.
		It is a commercial center of the Afghan Turkistan Region and a...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Balkh.html (73 words)

	Jenghiz Khan - LoveToKnow 1911
		JENGHIZ KHAN (1162-1227), Mongol emperor, was born in a tent on the banks of the river Onon.
		Toto was amongst the slain, and Kushlek fled for refuge to the Khitan Tatars.
		By the terms of his will Ogotai was appointed his successor, but so essential was it considered to be that his death should remain a secret until Ogotai was proclaimed that, as the funeral procession moved northwards to the great ordu on the banks of the Kerulen, the escort killed every one they met.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Jenghiz_Khan (2177 words)

	Lemar-Aftaab -April - June 1998 - Vol. 1: Issue. 4 - Journey - Balkh : The Land of Hopes - Daud Saba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Balkh is the most ancient city of modern Afghanistan, which was given its name during the Hakhaminids era.
		The economy of Balkh is a spectacular in the region.
		The emergence of this city to replace the importance of Balkh could be attributed to the existence of the Shrine of Hazrat-e Ali the fourth Caliph of Islam (based on myth).
	www.afghanmagazine.com /april98/journey/balkh.html (1069 words)

	Old Balkh
		Paktra; the classical writers named it Bactria, and after the conquests of Islam it has come to be called Balkh; a northern province of modern Afghanistan, which boarders to the north, the river Oxus and the former USSR.
		The courses of the rivers have shifted, thus Bactria is not as glorious as it had been during the Macedonian occupation.
		The modern city of Balkh [the old Bactrus], stood on the banks of this river, but now the city is a few miles away from the mighty Oxus.
	www.afghan-network.net /Culture/old_balkh.html (2065 words)

	Situation Reports: Afghanistan, Afghanistan: Drought Situation in the Provinces of Balkh, Juzjan and Faryab, Situation ...
		Balkh province consists of Balkh, Charbulak, Sholagra, Daulatabad, Nahri Shahi, Chimtal Shoortipa, Charkent and Mazar Shrif districts.
		Since Balkh province practice both irrigation as well as rain-fed agriculture and the amount of water flowing in Chashma Shafa river is not sufficient therefore a vast area is cultivated through rain-fed practice.
		In the normal situation the water of the Chashma Shafa river is not sufficient to irrigate the land of the districts.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/efb5e91219b4d65485256911004df97e (1900 words)

	Scriptures of Zoroastrianism, Bundahishn,3
		The spirit of the Veh river similarly begged of Ohrmazd for the Arag river; and on account of loving assistance, one towards the other, they flowed forth with equal strength, as before the coming of the destroyer they proceeded without rapids, and when the fiend shall be destroyed they will again be without rapids.
		The sources of the Frat river are from the frontier of Arum, they feed upon it in Suristan, and it flows to the Diglat river; and of this Frat it is that that they produce irrigation over the land.
		The Daitya river is the river which comes out from Eranvej, and goes out through the hill-country; of all rivers the noxious creatures in it are most, as it says, that the Daitya river is full of noxious creatures.
	www.hinduwebsite.com /sacredscripts/zoroscripts/bun18_23.htm (2437 words)

	afghanistan
		Balkh town, Northern Afghanistan, lies on a dried-up tributary of the Amu Darya River.
		Under the Abbasid caliphate its fame as a center of learning earned Balkh the title mother of cities.The city was sacked in 1221 by Jenghiz Khan and lay in ruins until Timur rebuilt it (early 16th cent.).
		Surrounded by a solid earth rampart, it is strategically located at the river crossing that controls the road from Herat to the Seistan region and the Indian subcontinent.
	www.angelfire.com /empire/afghan/cities.html (1179 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The rivers which flow from the mountains surrounding it are, with a single exception--that of the Etymandrus or Helmend--insignificant, and their waters almost always lose themselves, after a course proportioned to their volume, in the sands of the interior.
		The river threw out two branches, which flowed respectively to the north-east and the north-west, while between them was a third channel, a continuation of the previous course of the stream, which pierced the Delta through its centre, flowing almost due north.
		Thus, besides the six great rivers of the Empire, forty other considerable streams fertilized and enriched the territories of the Persian monarch, which, though they embraced many arid tracts, where cultivation was difficult, must be pronounced upon the whole well-watered, considering their extent and the latitude in which they lay.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/1/6/1/6/16165/16165-8.txt (19388 words)

	The Jews of Afghanistan
		The Jewish community of Balkh is mentioned in Kitab al-Mosalik va-l-mame-lik (A Book of Routes and Countries), written by the Arab geographer Ibn Khurdadhbah in 846 CE.
		Balkh had the third largest Jewish community and was made up of many Jewish immigrants from Central Asia; smaller Jewish communities could be found in the towns of Gazni and Kandahar.
		Each of the three main communities still active in Afghanistan after the 1950’s - Kabul, Herat, and Balkh - had a Hevrah (community council), which took care of the needy, dealt with burials, represented the community in matters connected to the authorities and was responsible for the payment of taxes.
	www.bh.org.il /Communities/Archive/Afghanistan.asp (1968 words)

	www.balkh.com \| The old Bactrus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Today Balkh is a small town in the Province of Balkh, Afghanistan, about 20 kilometers northwest of the provincial capital, Mazar-e Sharif, and some 74 km (46 miles) south of the Amu Darya, the Oxus River of antiquity, of which a tributary formerly flowed past Balkh.
		The antiquity and greatness of the place are recognized by the native populations, who speak of it as the Mother of Cities and the birth place of Zoroaster at Balkh and also belived by Zoroastrians that he is buried there.
		A curious notice of this building is found in the Arabian geographer Ibn Hawqal, an Arabian traveler of the 10th century, who describes Balkh as built of clay, with ramparts and six gates, and extending half a parasang.
	www.freewebs.com /balkhcom (1240 words)

	"); NewWindow.document.write("IRINnews"); NewWindow.document.write(" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The river, that flows for more than 2,400 km and forms most of Afghanistan’s northern border with Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, has already swept away 40 ha of farm land around the village in the Kaldar district of northern province of Balkh and destroyed Mohammad’s house in 2005.
		Observers say this amount is very conservative and as populations grow along the river, much more protection from the water will be required as new communities develop and more land is turned over to agriculture.
		River traffic is also contributing to the erosion of the banks.
	www.irinnews.org /report.asp?ReportID=52661 (678 words)

	Geography of Iran: History of Balkh (Bactria)
		They made Bactra {modern Balkh} their capital, and seized the ancient shine of Bactra.
		Zarathushtra was killed by an invading Scythian party in front of his fire-altar, in Balkh.
		On a second invasion on the barbers [called Massu Getae] living between the Oxus [Amu] and Jaxartes [Sir] rivers, Cyrus was killed.
	www.iranchamber.com /geography/articles/balkh.php (2046 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Mazar-e Sharif's growth and the corresponding decline of the much older town of Balkh, a few miles to the west, date from this discovery.
		After their military intervention in 1979, Soviet forces established a military command in the town and in 1981 began construction of a new road and rail bridge across the Amu Darya north of Mazar-e Sharif near Termiz, Uzbekistan.
		Mazar-e Sharif is located in one of Afghanistan's most fertile regions, extensively irrigated by the Balkh River and producing cotton, grain, and fruit.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/City.Mazar-e-Sharif.shtm (252 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Balkh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Balkh BALKH [Balkh], town, N Afghanistan, on a dried-up tributary of the Amu Darya River.
		Because it was located on natural travel routes at a source of water, the town was important as early as the 3d millennium
		It is held sacred as the alleged burial place of Ali, son-in-law and cousin of Muhammad; a noted mosque of Ali is in the city.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Balkh (480 words)

	SECOND PREFATORY DISCUSSION
		From these two lakes, several rivers branch off, and all of them flow into a lake at the equator which is at the distance of a ten days' journey from the mountain.
		Khurasanian places on this river are the city of Balkh to the west, and the city of at-Tirmidh to the east.
		East of this river (Oxus) are the lands of the Soghd and Usrushanah, which belong to the country of the Turks.
	www.muslimphilosophy.com /ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter1/Ch_1_02.htm (12521 words)

	The Bundahishn ("Creation"), or Knowledge from the Zand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		And at its north side two rivers flowed out, and went one to the east and one to the west; they are the Arag river and the Veh river; as it is said thus: 'Through those finger-breadth tricklings do thou pour and draw forth two such waters, O Ohrmazd!' 16.
		As those two rivers flowed out, and from the same place of origin as theirs, eighteen navigable rivers flowed out, and after the other waters have flowed out from those navigable streams they all flow back to the Arag river and Veh river, whose fertilization (khvapardarih) of the world arises therefrom.
		The Daraja river is the chief of exalted rivers, for the dwelling of the father of Zartosht was on its banks, and Zartosht was born there.
	www.avesta.org /mp/bundahis.html (16008 words)

	Languages Of Afghanistan
		40% of population; Provinces of Herat, Hazarajat, Balkh, Ghor, Ghazni, Budaksham, Panjsher, and Galcha-Pamir Mountains and Kabul regions.
		Dari is taught in schools; radio Afghanistan broadcasts are promoting a standardized pronunciation of the literary language which is based on the old dictional tradition of the country, with its archaic phonetic characteristics.
		PASHAYI 1% of the population in Afghanistan (1982) From Gulbahar across Kapisa and Laghman provinces to Nuristan on the Alingar River, especially the Alisheng Valley and valleys north of Sarobi.
	www.afghan-network.net /Culture/languages.html (1078 words)

	ancient beads, Roman beads, Afghani beads, Islamic beads, Egyptian beads, ancient glass, stone beads, pendants, amulets ...
		Mae Sot is a riverside settlement on the Moei River, facing Myanmar on the opposite bank, and some 86 kilometres from Tak city.
		The beads were excavated in the mountainous country outside of the city of Balkh in northern Afghanistan, formerly Bactria.
		It is a cast piece, has an attractive brown patina evenly layered on it and is fully wearable (though I would take care to preserve the patina since it was created by centuries of burial and the subsequent interaction of chemicals and minerals both in the soil and in the metal)...
	www.oldbeads.com /ancient.html (8999 words)

	Nancy Hatch Dupree. An Historical Guide To Afghanistan. Sites in Perspective
		What emerged was a vibrant and indigenous culture born of the fusion of western-oriented Bactrian ideals with those from eastern-oriented India, interpreted by the forceful, free character born on the steppes of Central Asia.
		Balkh was a prominent Samanid town, the home of numerous poets including the beautiful but tragic poetess Rabia Balkhi whose tomb was discovered in 1964.
		Balkh was seized by the Amir of Bokhara and the independent Uzbak Khanates of the north looked to him, not Kabul, as the paramount power in the north.
	www.zharov.com /dupree/chapter03.html (17179 words)

	Pajhwok Afghan News
		Flooding in the river has several times destroyed houses, swept away acres of farm lands and has also left large number of mammals killed.
		The minister said the weak sides of the river would be reconstructed on priority basis.
		At the moment, their motive was to stop flooding that might cause losses to people, he added.
	www.pajhwak.com /viewstory.asp?lng=eng&id=16536 (259 words)

	Ethnologue: Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		PASHAYI, NORTHWEST [GLH] From Gulbahar across Kapisa and Laghman provinces to Nuristan on the Alingar River, especially the Alisheng Valley and valleys north of Sarobi.
		Residents of the lower Darrai Nur (Nur River) are a separate and perhaps not ethnically organized people.
		Prasun (Parun) Valley on the upper reaches of Pech River in Nuristan; villages of Shupu (Ishtivi, Shtevgrom), Sech, Ucu, Ushut, Zumu.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/Afgh.html (2355 words)

	Quiz on Tajik History and Culture
		This lament is on the devastation of his country, Khorasan, brought by invading Oguz mongols.
		He was a native of the city of Balkh and founded one of the prominent Tajik dynasty of Samanids in Khorasan after the conquest of Arabs.
		A priest in the temple of Naw Bahar of Balkh
	members.tripod.com /~khorasan/Miscellaneous/QuizAboutTajiks1.html (731 words)

	Timeline 1300 to 500BCE
		The wood was set deeper into the ground than the surface of a nearby Roman road, so Pryor knew the wood had to have been placed into the ground well before the Roman engineers arrived on the scene.
		A cave from the same period was discovered in 1994 near the Talgua River, known as the Cave of the Glowing Skulls.
		During his rule a canal from the Nile River to the Red Sea, probably begun by Necho I in the 7th century BC, was repaired and completed.
	www.timelines.ws /0C1300_500BC.HTML (11479 words)

	Press Releases: Afghanistan, ADB JFPR grant to improve irrigation networks and water management in Balkh river basin in ...
		The project will address water distribution problems in two sets of irrigation networks in the Balkh river basin.
		The river basin has thousands of hectares of land supplied by traditional irrigation systems developed by local communities themselves, with some of them going back hundreds of years.
		It will develop new institutional arrangements for integrated water resources management for the Balkh river basin, including strategies and action plans, policy frameworks, and water management associations and organizations.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/a57fe277b145e48949256f70000b8829 (585 words)

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