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Topic: Balsam poplar

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	Cottonwood and Balsam Poplar, Alaska Science Forum
		The error is a small one in one sense because the tree referred to, balsam poplar, is practically indistinguishable from its close relative, the fl cottonwood.
		Balsam poplar is the most widespread broadleaf tree in Alaska; it ranges even farther north and west than another close relative, the quaking aspen.
		Close up, it is easy to distinguish between balsam poplar and quaking aspen from the leaves and, to a lesser extent, by the branching structure.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF4/493.html (549 words)

	Poplar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Poplars of the cottonwood section are often wetlands or riparian trees.
		Fast-growing hybrid poplars are grown on plantations in many areas for pulpwood and used for the manufacture of paper.
		Poplars and aspens are important food plants for the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species - see list of Lepidoptera which feed on Poplars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Poplar (299 words)

	biology - Balsam poplar
		The name is derived from the pleasant balsam smell of the opening buds and leaves in spring, produced by a sticky gum on the buds which also helps protect the buds from insect damage.
		The balsam poplars are light-demanding trees that requires considerable moisture but are tolerant of very cold conditions, occurring further north than other poplars except for the aspens.
		Balsam poplars are cultivated mainly in parks for their ornamental, light-coloured bark and pleasant scent in spring.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Balsam_poplar (460 words)

	Roweveg
		Balsam poplar, eastern white cedar, eastern white pine and tamarack are locally common while several of the tolerant hardwoods -- sugar maple and yellow birch -- occur at low altitudes in the southern parts.
		To the south and west it is bounded by highland moss barrens, on the east by the poorer forests of the Avalon peninsula, and on the north by a narrow maritime strip \ differentiated by a contrasting prominence of white spruce.
		Tamarack, trembling aspen and balsam poplar are infrequent constituents of the vegetation.
	www.mbl.edu /eco42/GIS/Veg/Roweveg.htm (19739 words)

	Balsam Poplar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Balsam Poplar of the Southern Rocky Mountains
		Although this tree is similar in many ways to the Plains cottonwood which thrivess in fairly hot, if not entirely dry, conditions, the Balsam poplar prefers cool, wet locations.
		Balsam poplar leaves are 3 to 7 inches long; 1 to 4 inches broad, and fine-toothed on the edges.
	home.earthlink.net /~swier/BalsamPoplar.html (322 words)

	Species:
		Balsam poplar is rare in the northwestern United States, with sketchy records of its existence in Idaho and Oregon [32].
		Vegetative reproduction: Balsam poplar is capable of regenerating from root suckers, stump sprouts, stem sprouts, and buried branches [36,57].
		Balsam poplar is highly flood tolerant [36] and is able to form adventitious roots within a few days of a flood [58].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/popbalb/all.html (5367 words)

	BALSAM POPLAR/BLACK COTTONWOOD
		the fl cottonwood is a subspecies of the balsam poplar
		Balsam Poplar: northern part of BC to east of Rockies; rare on Queen Charlotte Islands and northern outer coast of Vancouver Island
		balsam poplar: bark - boiled as a poultice for wounds, worm medicine; inner bark - food
	bcadventure.com /adventure/wilderness/forest/balsam.htm (355 words)

	Royal Forestry Society of England, Wales and Northern Ireland Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Poplar can be used for joinery and even musical instruments but it is not one of the best hardwood timbers.
		Poplars do best on high fertile, base-rich, loamy soils or rich alluvial or fen soils which are well drained and aerated and moist year long with a high water table.
		Poplars are susceptible to a number of diseases and attacks by insects.
	www.rfs.org.uk /thirdlevel.asp?ThirdLevel=196&SecondLevel=35 (461 words)

	Alaska Office of Economic Development
		Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), fl cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) are similar in wood characteristics and habitat.
		Mixtures of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), fl cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), white spruce, fl spruce (Picea mariana) and eastern larch (Larix laricina) develop on the bottomlands and flood plains of the many rivers.
		Balsam poplar is an important tree species of this association, reaching its greatest size and abundance on the flood plains of the rivers.
	www.dced.state.ak.us /oed/forest_products/forest_products5f.htm (1791 words)

	Poplar Trees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The poplars are known for their pulp, which is used to make paper, as well as for their shade and beauty.
		The white poplar, also known as silver-leafed poplar because of its white, felted leaves, is domed in form and reaches 100 feet (30 metres) in height.
		The balsam poplar or tacamahac, native throughout northern North America, grows in swampy soil and is distinguished by its aromatic, resinous buds.
	www.saskschools.ca /~leader/lcsweb2002/gr_4_5/poplar.htm (259 words)

	Balsam Poplar, Trees & Shrubs- Tourism and Parks, ITI, GNWT, Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The balsam poplar belongs to the same family as the trembling aspen.
		The buds of the balsam poplar are eaten by grouse.
		The bark is eaten by beaver, hares and porcupine.
	www.iti.gov.nt.ca /parks/education/p_t/trees_shrubs_page4.htm (211 words)

	Poplar Populus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Poplars are amongst the easiest of all trees to propagate and grow.
		Poplars have their interest as specimen trees as distinctly as do other kinds of trees.
		Eugenei, Eugene Poplar, is known to horticulturists as Carolina poplar, often confounded with the native cottonwood.
	www.igin.com /treelinks/poplar.html (356 words)

	[No title]
		Balsam poplar saplings have higher levels of secondary compounds therefore are less prone to herbivory.
		Balsam poplar is common in river bottoms and gravely flood plains, terraces, and coarse alluvial fans throughout the interior except near the coast (Viereck 1974).
		Balsam poplar is also heavily browsed on by three groups of mammalian herbivores in the forests - rodents (voles and lemmings), hares, and cervids (moose).
	www.northstar.k12.ak.us /schools/nph/student/seminar/mkjpaper.htm (2124 words)

	Chapter 33. North and Central America: ecological zones
		Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), white spruce and white or paper birch (Betula papyrifera) are common along rivers.
		Towards the western boundary of the zone the vegetation is medium to tall closed stands of trembling aspen, balsam poplar and jack pine with white and fl spruce occurring in late successional stages.
		Trembling aspen and balsam poplar characterize the transition to the south.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/004/Y1997E/y1997e12.htm (5391 words)

	Maine Tree Species Fact Sheet - Balsam Poplar
		Shape: The Balsam Poplar is a moderate-sized tree, which grows upright with a narrow, open crown.
		Balsam Poplar inhabits the borders of swamps and the low bottomlands along rivers throughout the state, except in York County.
		Balsam Poplar is also susceptible to cankers, fungus, leaf and twig blight, and leaf spot.
	www.umaine.edu /umext/mainetreeclub/FactSheets/BalsamPoplar.htm (746 words)

	Girdling for Brush Control
		Guggenmoos, S. Trembling aspen and balsam poplar saplings under powerlines in section 24 of 63-11-W5 northwest of Whitecourt, Alberta were treated with basal applications of 4.8g or 14.4g triclopyr ester per liter of diesel oil or girdled.
		While girdling provided significant stem kill of both trembling aspen and balsam poplar only the control of trembling aspen is considered good.
		Girdling of balsam poplar resulted in inadequate stem kill and significant sprouting from the root collar and roots.
	www.compusmart.ab.ca /ecosync/Girdling.htm (295 words)

	Poplars for Short rotation forestry. -- An overview of the genus, none specific, Production
		Poplars are not very winter hardy and in general need a growing season of at least 140 to 150 days with a temperature above 13 to 14.5 °C. Consequently climatic factors limit their distribution.
		One of the first artificial hybrids between balsam poplars and fl poplars was P. x berolinensis DIPPEL (a male clone of P. laurifolia [balsam poplar] x P. nigra ‘Italica’ [fl poplar]; Berlin Poplar; photos 12 and 13) and was created in about 1870 in the botanical Garden, Berlin.
		Examples of the hybridisation of fl poplars and balsam poplars which are in use are ‘Boelare’, ‘Beaupré’ (P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides) and the multi-clone strain ‘Max’ with ‘Max 1’ till ‘Max 4’ (P. nigra x P. maximowiczii).
	www.eeci.net /archive/biobase/B10529.html (2669 words)

	Balsam Poplar, Populus balsamifera
		In the region, balsam poplar occurs on sites that are relatively rich in nutrients and less acidic, and in relatively small, localized stands, in association with fl and white spruce, balsam fir and trembling aspen.
		Balsam poplar is a wide-ranging deciduous species of northern, transcontinental distribution.
		In fact, balsam poplar is the northernmost occuring of all North American hardwoods.
	www.rook.org /earl/bwca/nature/trees/populusbal.html (1168 words)

	Balsam Poplar - Atlantic Forestry Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Balsam Poplar is best identified by the large, sticky, fragrant buds, and distinctive brownish green leaves with resin spots.
		Balsam Poplar grows in moist soils of river banks, wet fields, and ridges.
		Balsam Poplar is a fast-growing tree suited to a variety of planting sites, especially on sandy or wet soils.
	www.atl.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca /index-e/what-e/publications-e/afcpublications-e/maritimetrees-e/balsam-poplar-e.html (146 words)

	Balsam Poplar and Black Cottonwood
		the fl cottonwood is a subspecies of the balsam poplar
		Balsam Poplar: northern part of BC to east of Rockies; rare on Queen Charlotte Islands and northern outer coast of Vancouver Island
		balsam poplar: bark - boiled as a poultice for wounds, worm medicine; inner bark - food
	www.bcadventure.com /adventure/wilderness/forest/balsam.htm (355 words)

	Blessed Herbs Balsam Poplar Buds Medicinal Herbs Bulk Herbs Populus balsamifera
		Blessed Herbs Balsam Poplar Buds Medicinal Herbs Bulk Herbs Populus balsamifera
		Read about our history, our personal struggles as a family running an herb business and stories about Martha Volchok, Co-Founder, herbalist, and mother of four homeschooled children.
		Over the years we are grateful to have had our efforts recognized, in print, by many herbalists and authors.
	www.blessedherbs.com /Products/162.html (153 words)

	AllRefer - Species: Black Cottonwood \| Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa
		Balsam poplar × fl cottonwood hybrids have been reported in Alaska, British Columbia, and Alberta [28,49,57,73].
		A study of seedling establishment (artificially seeded) of balsam poplar after experimental fires in a fl spruce habitat demonstrated the dependency of the species on mineral soil exposure for germination and survival.
		Balsam poplar in Alberta were susceptible to metsulfuron and 2,4-D, alone or in combination [18].
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/plants/tree/popbalt/all.html (10542 words)

	Canada balsam on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is a turpentine rather than a true balsam.
		On standing, the essential oil in Canada balsam evaporates, leaving behind the resin as a hard, transparent varnish.
		Canada balsam is valued as an optical mounting cement, e.g., for lenses and microscope slides, since it yields, when dissolved in an equal volume of xylene, a noncrystallizing cement with a refractive index nearly equal to that of ordinary glass.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/Canadaba.asp (298 words)

	poplar -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Western balsam poplar, up to 200 feet (60 meters) tall, is one of the largest deciduous trees of northwestern North America.
		The poplar species native to North America are divided into three main groups: the cottonwoods, the aspens, and the balsam poplars.
		When construction on dams, lodges, and canals is finished, the beavers gnaw whole groves of trees and sink the wood in the pond near their lodge.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9276504 (633 words)

	American Journal of Botany, 69, 5, May, 1982/ June, 1982 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In Vitro Allelopathic Inhibition of Nitrification by Balsam Poplar and Balsam Fir, 676-679
		Foliar leachates of balsam fir strongly inhibited nitrification; leachates of balsam poplar were slightly less inhibitory.
		Balsam fir needle and balsam poplar dormant bud extracts (5% w/v) completely prevented the oxidation of ammonium: The same estracts (2% w/v) still prevented the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate to a large extent.
	www.botany.org /ajb/00029122_di001815.html (4650 words)

	balsam on Encyclopedia.com
		The true balsams are semisolid and insoluble in water, but they are soluble in alcohol and partly so in hydrocarbons.
		They contain benzoic or cinnamic acid; these include Peru balsam and tolu balsam (both obtained from varieties of the South American tree Myroxylon balsamum of the pulse family), benzoin, and storax.
		Balsams are often used in medical preparations and perfumes.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b1/balsam.asp (355 words)

	Populus balsamifera - Balsam Poplar
		The balsam poplar is the northernmost North American hardwood.
		Low shrubs associated with balsam poplar include red osier dogwood, mountain maple, bracted honeysuckle, beaked hazel, red raspberry and prickly wild rose.
		In mixed stands, various feathermosses and lichens may be associated with balsam poplar.
	www.borealforest.org /trees/tree11.htm (360 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This project will provide the next generation of balsam poplars to an important inner-city wildlife reserve as well as data on balsam regeneration techniques.
		Calgary's riverine balsam population is drastically declining due to lack of tree regeneration.
		"Balsam poplar forest is the predominant habitat in most areas along the rivers and it is among the most important habitats for wildlife, especially migratory birds." Maintenance of the Balsam Poplar Restoration Project will continue throughout the summer as RiverWatch waters and monitors the newly-planted trees.
	www.gov.calgary.ab.ca /citysource/public/2003/05/release.20030528_080036_23111_0 (297 words)

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