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	Baltic German - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Baltic Germans (German: Deutsch-Balten, Deutschbalten, sometimes incorrectly Baltendeutsche), were ethnically German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea which forms today the countries of Estonia and Latvia.
		Germans, other than the estate-owners, mainly settled in the cities, such as Riga, Reval (Tallinn), Dorpat (Tartu), and Pernau (Pärnu); as late as the mid-19th century the population of many of these municipalities still had a German majority with an Estonian or Latvian minority.
		The indigenous people of the Baltic region enjoyed fewer rights under the Baltic German nobility compared to their brethren in Germany, Sweden or even Poland; and until serfdom was officially abolished in the Baltic provinces in the beginning of 19th century, their fate resemble that of the serfs in Russia proper.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Baltic_German (1265 words)

	Estonian Institute www.einst.ee
		A characteristic trait of this epoch was the impact of the Enlightenment and German Romanticism on Baltic German intellectuals.
		Rising national and cultural enthusiasm among the Baltic Germans was interrupted with the outbreak of World War I. Although almost all Baltic Germans of military age served as Russian officers, the Russian authorities became increasingly suspicious of possible collaboration between Baltic Germans and the enemy.
		An autonomous Baltic German state consisting of the three provinces in union with Prussia or the dukedom of Mecklenburg was proposed, but the German authorities were divided and no formal ties were established before the defeat of Germany in November 1918.
	www.einst.ee /factsheets/factsheets_uus_kuju/baltic_germans.htm (2982 words)

	Baltic German (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Baltic Germans calling themselves Balts and occasionally referred to as German Balts (Baltendeutsche Balten and Deutschbalten respectively) were the ethnically German inhabitants of that area on the shore of the Baltic Sea which forms today the countries of Estonia and Latvia.
		Germans than the estate-owners mainly settled in the such as Reval Riga Dorpat and Pernau often German foundations and as late in the mid- 19th century still with a minority Estonian or population.
		German cultural autonomy ceased in the 1880s when Russification precluded much schooling in German German-language instruction etc. Already the Revolution of 1905 led to attacks against the Germans of manors and killing and torturing of of the nobility if usually not by the local but by outside revolutionary bands.
	www.freeglossary.com /German_Baltic (846 words)

	Baltic German - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Baltic Germans, calling themselves Balts and occasionally referred to as German Balts (Baltendeutsche, Balten, and Deutschbalten respectively), were the ethnically German inhabitants of that area on the Eastern shore of the Baltic Sea which forms today the countries of Estonia and Latvia.
		Germans, other than the estate-owners, mainly settled in the cities, such as Reval, Riga, Dorpat, and Pernau, often German foundations and as late as in the mid-19th century still with a minority Estonian or Latvian population.
		German cultural autonomy ceased in the 1880s, when Russification precluded much schooling in German, German-language university instruction, etc. Already the Revolution of 1905 led to attacks against the Germans, burning of manors, and killing and torturing of members of the nobility, if usually not by the local inhabitants but by outside revolutionary bands.
	www.free-definition.com /Baltic-German.html (781 words)

	THE "REPATRIATION" OF THE BALTIC GERMANS AFTER THE SIGNING OF THE PACTS: A NEW NAZI POPULATION POLICY OR THE ...
		With the departure of Baltic Germans from Estonia (18.10 – 15.11.1939) and Latvia (7.11.
		The Baltic Germans were followed by ethnic Germans from Volhynia, Galicia and Narew in the first months of 1940 and in the summer, Germans from the territories of Bessarabia and Bukovina annexed by the Soviets from Romania and from the Romanian territory of Dobrudja.
		In 1939, the population of Baltic Germans was 60,000 in Latvia and 18,000 in Estonia.
	vip.latnet.lv /LPRA/kangeris.htm (2504 words)

	Baltic Sea, 1915
		German forces include the new Tenth Army (Gen von Eichhorn) on the northern flank of East Prussia, further south the Eighth Army (Gen von Below), and Ninth Army (Mackensen) on the southern flank of the German line opposite Warsaw.
		As the Russians retreat, the province of Courland on the Baltic coast is occupied and pressure put on the Polish salient from the northwest and southwest.
		To offset this, the Russian Baltic provinces of Courland and Lithuania have been occupied, the Polish salient eliminated, Austrian Galicia retaken, and the Russian threat to the Hungarian Plains removed.
	www.naval-history.net /WW1AreaBaltic1915.htm (2034 words)

	Baltic German
		German traders and missionaries first began to settle in the Baltic region, already occupied by Estonians, Lithuanians, and Latvians, in the 12th century.
		The Baltic countries of Estonia, Livonia and Couronia[?] were governed directly by the Holy Roman Empire until 1561.
		Under the Soviet Union, many of the Baltic Germans were killed off, exiled to Siberia, or otherwise expelled from their homeland.
	www.fastload.org /ba/Baltic_German.html (208 words)

	Historical / Historisches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		After the loss of their Baltic homeland, after flight and scattering, they astonishingly did not experience any kind of emigrants’ psychic trauma; on the contrary, they were able to dwell contented and thankful in their new homeland after the unusual and, from a societal point of view, contradictory decade of the 1950s.
		Just as German Balts in Germany cannot be expected to retain the Baltic accent or to marry German Baltic partners, it fruitless to hope that the Canadian German Balts will require German as a prerequisite for their identity (and success).
		The German Balts were especially hard hit, for the majority hadn't acquired their farms until the end of the twenties, had to cultivate their land first, and were unable to bring in many harvests.
	www.cbias.ca /page6.html (9914 words)

	German-Russian Settlement Map
		These Baltic Germans were descendants of both the Teutonic Knights and the Hanseatic traders of the late 12th and early 13th centuries.
		German culture in the Nordic Baltic flourished under Swedish rule, but in 1720, at the conclusion of the Northern Wars, these lands were ceded to Russia.
		Despite restrictions, the German population in Kaliningrad is rapidly increasing (from 200 in 1989 to 4,000 in 1993).
	www.rollintl.com /roll/grsettle.htm (6880 words)

	British Submarines and the Baltic Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		German soldiers were forced to requisition iron ore in much greater quantities from other European countries under their control such as Russia.
		Such was the impact of British submarines in the Baltic, that the German High Command believed that the submarines were operating in the Baltic but with their own supply vessel there.
		Training at sea for the German Baltic Fleet was affected as their commanders could not risk a capital ship being sunk – yet the effectiveness of the crews relied upon them being able to train and this could only be done at sea.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /british_submarines_and_the_balti.htm (1703 words)

	AllRefer.com - German Volga Republic (CIS And Baltic Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Its largely German population was descended from the German colonists whom Catherine II had invited to settle there in 1762.
		As a result of the German invasion of the USSR, the republic was dissolved (1941), and the entire German population (about 440,000) was deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan.
		The Volga Germans were then stripped of their citizenship and did not regain their civil rights until after Stalin's death.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/GermanVo.html (220 words)

	Baltic Studies Newsletter #95-11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The author claims that her case study of the Baltic German nobility's response to modernity is the first social history of the Baltic German nobility.
		Noticing that the Baltic German nobility, uniquely among Europe's nobilities, maintained until the 1880's its traditional exercise of domination on status alone (Standeherrschaft), she clearly sees that it completely ignored the political, social and economic aspirations of the Estonians and Latvians, the majority populations of the Baltic provinces.
		The author concludes her study by saying: "The Baltic noble illiberal state of mind was a reflection of their essential character of colonialists who never integrated with the native population from whom they differed ethnically, culturally, and linguistically.
	www.balticstudies-aabs.lanet.lv /bsn95/bsn95-11.html (677 words)

	Baltic History - Chronology
		In an atmosphere of general economic misery and war-time decimation of much of the region's infrastructure, land reform is carried out in all three Baltics; Estonia and Latvia strip Baltic German nobility of their land and redistribute it to poor peasants.
		Increasingly, the Baltic states address their appeals to the West-where some governments encourage them, others tell them to back down from outright independence, and most tell them to be patient.
		The United States and Iraq are on the verge of war and Baltic leaders warn that the attempted overthrow of their governments could coincide with the start of war in the Persian Gulf, much as the start of World War II allowed Stalin to subjugate the Baltics fifty years before.
	www.balticsww.com /timeline.htm (5270 words)

	Naval War in the Baltic Sea 1941-1945
		In the end, in the Spring of 1945, the German Kriegsmarine under Großadmiral Karl Dönitz was able to evacuate nearly 2.5 million Baltic and German civilians and soldiers from Baltic shores to safety in northern Germany despite vigorous attempts by the Soviets to prevent just that from happening.
		Because the German forces were not able to decisevly defeat the Soviets in the Baltics in the summer of 1941, (the Germans encountered a number of delays as they reached the Estonian border regions); it was decided to implement Beowulf II for the conquest of the Estonian Islands.
		German (and Estonian and Latvian) civilian fishing vessels displaying the red cross flag were also made available in case their rescue services would be required at sea.
	www.feldgrau.com /baltsea.html (5794 words)

	ipedia.com: Estonia Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Republic of Estonia is a small country in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the north, and sharing a land border with it...
		The Republic of Estonia is a small country in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the north, and sharing a land border with its fellow Baltic state Latvia to the south and with Russia to the east.
		Between 57.3 and 59.5 latitude and 21.5 and 28.1 longitude, Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea on the level northwestern part of the rising east European platform.
	www.ipedia.com /estonia.html (865 words)

	BalticTrader web site - Polish pottery, German pottery, Bunzlau ceramics
		Each piece is hand-decorated by imprinting the baltic trader, pattern with a shaped, sponge stamp.
		This style was known by German pottery masters as "pfauenauge" (peacock eye).
		We are located in a eyespot patterns, converted 19th century factory building called 'The Old Needlemakers' which is in the centre of Lewes.
	www.baltictrader.co.uk (528 words)

	Ajaloo osakond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The antagonism was caused by the widespread belief among Estonians that fraternities belonged to German culture.
		Estonian national fraternities were established to serve the purpose of the Estonian nationalism but, paradoxically, they were based on German traditions.
		They were reluctant to communicate with the student affiliations of the other nationalities and Estonian society did not accept them completely either.
	www.history.ee /Summar/Antons.html (649 words)

	Links Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		brief encyopedia-type definition of the term "Baltic German"
		Baltic Sea States Web directory for the Baltic Sea region and Eastern Europe
		Not too many of our Canadian Baltic Germans hail from Lithuania; hence, the small number of links
	www.cbias.ca /page9a.html (221 words)

	Just Vegetable Recipes - Baltic German Beet Relish
		Just Vegetable Recipes - Baltic German Beet Relish
		Will keep up to one year in refrigerator.
		Baltic German Beet Relish printer friendly version located here.
	www.justvegetablerecipes.com /veg-beet0049.html (103 words)

	Proverb Bibliography
		The Prentice-Hall encyclopedia of world proverbs: a treasury of wit and wisdom through the ages.
		Proverbia septentrionalia: 900 Balto-Finnic proverb types with Russian, Baltic, German and Scandinavian parallels.
		"(Don't) throw the baby out with the bath water": the Americanization of a German proverb and proverbial expression.
	www.cogweb.ucla.edu /Discourse/Proverbs/Bibliography.html (1997 words)

	Mythology's MythingLinks: Nature Spirits of the World
		Each tale has been translated, and/or edited, and footnoted by Professor D.
		Ashliman of the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures at the University of Pittsburgh (Note: if you'll follow his links, you'll find that his huge collection of folkloric themes is both comprehensive and superb).
		This is The Faerie Realm: Nature Spirits of the World, an intelligent, handsomely designed site with a wonderful collection of worldwide tales, relevant poetry (e.g., Yeats, Robert Graves), music and art.
	www.mythinglinks.org /ct~NatureSpirits.html (5358 words)

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