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Topic: Baltic peoples

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Baltic languages

Baltic

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	The Baltic-Speaking Peoples
		Baltic is a member of the Satem division, closest to Slavic, and is at the same time the most archaic surviving form of Indo-European speech.
		It is not known when the ancestors of the Baltic peoples left this primeval home and moved northwestward to their present habitat, but the bulk of the migration probably did not antedate the beginning of the Iron Age.
		The independence of the Baltic peoples was destroyed in 1561, when Esthonia went to Sweden, and Latvia and Lithuania were handed back and forth between Russia, Poland, and Sweden; at the time of the final partitionment of Poland they went to Russia.
	www.snpa.nordish.net /chapter-IX12.htm (3682 words)

	Balts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Balts or Baltic peoples (Latvian: balti, Lithuanian: baltai), defined as speakers of one of the Baltic languages, a branch of the Indo-European language family, are descended from a group of Indo-European tribes who settled the area between lower Vistula and upper Dvina and Dneper.
		Among the Baltic peoples are modern Lithuanians and Latvians as well as the Prussians, Yotvingians and Curonians, whose languages were extinct in the Middle Ages.
		The prehistoric cradle of the Baltic peoples was most probably the area around the upper and middle Dnepr river in modern Ukraine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Balt (677 words)

	Baltic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Baltic languages are a group of genetically-related languages spoken in the Northern Europe and belonging to the Indo-European language family.
		With the establishment of a German state in Prussia, and the relocation of much of the Baltic Prussian population in the 13th century, Prussians began to be assimilated, and by the end of the 17th century, the Prussian language had become extinct.
		Several of the extinct Baltic languages have a limited or nonexistent written record, their existence being known only from the records of ancient historians and personal or place names; all of the languages in the Baltic group (including the living ones) were first written down relatively late in their probable existence as distinct languages.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Baltic_languages (995 words)

	Baltic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Baltic peoples - ethnic groups speaking the Baltic languages and/or originating from the Baltic region
		The term Baltic is also used to identify a type of railroad steam locomotive.
		The name Baltic is the commonly used abbreviation for the BALTIC Centre for Contemporary Art in Gateshead, United Kingdom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Baltic (308 words)

	Slavic and Baltic Mythology : Gods, Goddesses, Spirits, Demons of Eastern Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A very strange range of Gods ruling from Poland to the Baltic, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the Ukraine.
		The very word 'Deity' may actually be of Baltic origin, deriving from the God DIEVAS, who has to be the all-time definitive deity.
		The boundaries once spread from the Baltic to the Black Sea, including the Ukraine and large chunks of Western Russia.
	www.godchecker.com /pantheon/slavic_baltic-mythology.php (309 words)

	Arts & Humanities \| The Baltics: Nationalities and Other Problems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Baltics area is fraught with cross ethnic mergings, conquerings by different groups, and control by both small groups like the Teutonic and Livonian knights and by larger entities like the nations of Sweden, Poland, and Russia during the roughly eight centuries of Baltic history.
		Nearly 10,000 people were deported from the whole of Estonia, 15,000 from Latvia and 25,000 from from Lithuania on the night of 13-14 June, 1941.
		The Baltic region has been under domination for most of recorded history by either pre-Russian elements of what is now the Soviet Union, Russia in one permutation or another, various groups of knights of primarily Germanic origin, or the Poles in one form or another.
	www.ibs.ee /ibs/history/baltics.html (5782 words)

	Pagan
		Latvians are one of the three ancient Baltic people (Latvians, Lithuanians and ancient Prussians).
		People knew them especially well for the amber they supplied - Baltic territories were often called the Land of Amber.
		The earliest records of the term “The Baltic Sea” appears in the writings of a German chronicler, but many other terms for it were known as well (The East sea, the Varyag Sea, the Sea of Barbarians, etc).
	www.theoldpath.com /website/iceheart (553 words)

	Balts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Balts or Baltic peoples were a group of Indo-European tribes settling the area between lower Vistula and upper Dvina and Dneper.
		Because of geographical isolation, the Baltic peoples retained much of their original languages and were not part of the great migrations of 1st millenium.
		Among the Baltic peoples are modern Lithuanians and Latvians as well as the Prussians, Yotvingians and Kuronians, extinct in the Middle Ages.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/B/Balts.htm (475 words)

	The Baltic Crusade
		The Baltic Crusades are a branch of the Catholic crusading movement that comprised five main Crusades that occurred between 1096 and 1221.
		As in the Baltic Crusades, the motivation of the combatants—primarily knights and princes—was more related to acquisition of land and power than holiness, although the granting to Crusaders of eternal salvation by the Pope was a meaningful incentive.
		The Northern Crusades: The Baltic and the Catholic Frontier, 1100-1525.
	depts.washington.edu /baltic/papers/crusades.htm (2308 words)

	Balts -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Balts or Baltic peoples have lived on the eastern coast of the (A sea in northern Europe; stronghold of the Russian navy) Baltic Sea or Mare Suebicum ((Click link for more info and facts about Tacitus) Tacitus, AD 98) since the third millennium BC.
		The Baltic peoples consisted of several ((biology) a taxonomic category between a genus and a subfamily) tribes.
		(A republic in northeastern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea) Latvia and (A republic in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea) Lithuania are the modern nations formed by Baltic peoples.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/balts.htm (199 words)

	The Baltic States
		Under said regime, the Baltic peoples suffered under an oppressive Imperial regime, with the ultimate aim of russifying the Baltic lands of the Tsarist empire.
		Despite this, the Baltic peoples were able to retain their distinct identities, thanks to the vigorous activities of nationalist intellectuals and writers, and their support by the broader Baltic populations.
		A potentially disastrous increase in ethnic tensions between the Balts and the Russian refugees was halted by the 1985 admission of the Federated Russian Republics to the European Confederation and the emigration of Russian refugees, either to their homeland or to destinations in western Europe.
	www.ahtg.net /TpA/baltstat.html (1296 words)

	Baltic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Baltic sea countries - countries with access to the Baltic Sea
		Baltic peoples, one ethnic group originating in Balticum
		The name Baltic has been used by several ships including SS Baltic(1903).
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Baltic (296 words)

	\\Ntwww\academic\History\urban\articles\Victims of the Baltic Crusade.htm
		On the other hand, the Baltic peoples were much more advanced politically and economically, and in the thirteenth century were able to reduce quickly the difference between their technological and organizational skills and those of the West.
		Consequently, it should be no surprise that Baltic society before 1200 represented a military culture in which young men and aspiring chieftains demonstrated their courage and ability through participation in or leading raids on the least powerful of their neighbors.
		As it happened, the native peoples were both very democratic and very short-sighted--they mistrusted the ambitions of talented leaders who called for preventive war and they feared their neighbors' leaders even more than they did their own.
	department.monm.edu /history/urban/articles/VictimsBalticCrusade.htm (6741 words)

	[No title]
		Indeed, in the post-World War II period the survival of the cultures of the Baltic peoples, one of the basic fields of humanistic studies, was in question.
		Conferences at universities and institutes in the Baltic states are held on a regular basis, and some of the lost ground in humanistic studies is being recovered, as the Baltic experience of the twentieth century is beginning to be freshly reinterpreted.
		The practice of holding a Baltic Studies conference in a variety of disciplines with other international scholars and the habit of scholarly discourse, as opposed to mere reading of papers, is becoming accepted in the Baltic states.
	www.acls.org /caoresource/MIS_Baltic.doc (1336 words)

	Baltic Archive: Student Papers
		As they sailed out into the Baltic [Sea] they were captured by Vikings of Esthonia, who made booty both of the people and goods, killing some, and dividing others as slaves… Reas [an Esthonian] bought Olaf for a good cloak… Olaf was long with them, was treated well, and was much beloved by the people.
		This region of the Baltic is diverse in identity and in history.
		He writes of military and economic encounters between the two peoples and mentions that the majority of the information in primary sources is indeed quite vague as to what the Viking exactly were doing the Baltic region.
	depts.washington.edu /baltic/papers/vikings.html (3027 words)

	Industrialization and Population Change in the Baltic Republics
		The Baltic peoples are linguistically different from the rest of the inhabitants of the Soviet Union.
		The religious and linguistic distinctiveness of the Baltic republics is accentuated by the fact that all three countries between 1918 and 1940 were independent and sovereign political entities.
		Given the distinctiveness of the Baltic States, a basic task facing Soviet authorities was and still remains the transformation of Baltic society according to their developmental model.
	www.lituanus.org /1984_2/84_2_02.htm (5221 words)

	History of LITHUANIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		During the 2nd millennium BC various Indo-European tribes, speaking what are classed as the Baltic languages, settle along the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea.
		To the north of them are people speaking Finno-Ugric languages, who occupy the modern regions of Estonia and Finland.
		The southernmost of the Baltic peoples are the Prussians, who are conquered by the Teutonic Knights and subsequently become absorbed into German culture.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac98 (618 words)

	LITUANUS. Vol. 38, No. 1 - Spring 1992
		The shared history of "Litvak Jews" (those resident in the areas ruled by Lithuania at its height of power and prestige in the 17th century) and the Baltic peoples was however tragically marked by the Holocaust and the brutal subjugation and annexation of all three Baltic states by the Soviet Union.
		The Lithuanians as the last people to be Christianized in Europe were singularly free from the accumulated prejudices of the established churches.
		Their motives, however, were not based primarily on anti-Semitism but the view that the Baltic peoples should be given preferential treatment in raising their economic and social status, a process that inevitably would have to come about at the cost of the minorities.
	www.lituanus.org /1992_1/92_1_05.htm (2632 words)

	AllRefer.com - Lithuania - Table A. Chronology of Important Events \| Lithuanian Information Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Baltic states sign peace treaties with Soviet Russia; Moscow recognizes their independence and renounces all claims to their territories.
		Baltic states pressured into signing treaties allowing Moscow to station troops on their soil; Vilnius given back to Lithuania.
		Baltic states under German occupation; Nazi regime institutes compulsory draft of Balts into labor or military service; Jews and Gypsies subjected to mass annihilation; nationalist and communist resistance movements active.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/lithuania/lithuania4.html (1160 words)

	DragonBear History: All That: Baltic Crusades
		When people talk about the Crusades, they usually think only of the wars against the Muslims in the Holy Land in the 11th through 13th centuries.
		The Baltic Crusades started in the early 12th century, not as a planned and proclaimed holy war but only a general expansionist movement, as Denmark and various German states moved aggressively into the lands of the pagan, Slavic Wends (what's now the Baltic coast of Germany).
		Threats to the missionaries led Pope Alexander III to preach a crusade against the Baltic pagans in 1171, a full crusade on the Outremer model, with remission of sins and everything, the first of a series that became almost continuous in the next two centuries.
	www.dragonbear.com /baltic.html (1410 words)

	The USSR MGB's Top Secret Operation Priboi ('The Surf') for the Deportation of
		Infantry Regiment in Lithuania, and 40 from the 392
		Table 6 shows that 76,212 people were involved in the deportation of the inhabitants of the Baltic countries.
		As Table 12 shows, 96.9% of the Baltic "special settlers" were forced to work in the sector of the Red Empire's economy with the least opportunities for improving one's quality of life the collective and state farms.
	vip.latnet.lv /LPRA/priboi.htm (5077 words)

	Assignments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The successful descriptions of Baltic peoples can be seen in the narrator, or letter writer, describing events from his past.
		However, the descriptions of life in the Baltic States during the late Soviet era and the sudden changes that the collapse of the Soviet Union and independence brought are useful.
		The Baltic Transformed was written by Walter C Clemens Jr., a professor of political science at Boston University.
	students.washington.edu /sundhe/assignments.html (2275 words)

	The Baltic Cities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As the largest city in both Latvia and the Baltic region, its history is intertwined with the area.
		But while the peoples of the Baltic pride themselves on their rural roots, the cities of all three Baltic countries share long histories.
		Because of the Baltic peoples' strong ties to the land, they have long felt more comfortable in the countryside than in the cities.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/polish_baltic_history/85838 (514 words)

	The Web's Best Baltic Tourist Guide
		Younger people are far more likely to have benefited from the economic gains, and they rejoice about the dawn of free-market capitalism.
		All three Baltic capitals still have aspirations of becoming the premier Baltic city, the place where foreign investors just have to be, the Baltic Hong Kong, the Paris of the North—in short, the Baltic city.
		Stubbornness: One of the enduring qualities of all three Baltic peoples over the centuries has been a staunch refusal to submit to foreign occupations, of which there have been many.
	www.balticsww.com /tourist (2211 words)

	Baltic Food and Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The almost 8 million Baltic peoples have many factors in common: a temperate climate and a rich harvest from the Baltic Sea, a land that is primarily agricultural and pastoral, but a bitter history of invasions, conquests, and humiliating oppressions.
		In spite of such a history of foreign domination and influence, the Baltic peoples have staunchly retained a rich culture of their own and are famed for their literature, folk legends, athletic physiques, and joyous choral singing groups.
		Latvian and Lithuanian peoples share ethnic and language roots in the Slavic-Baltic division of Indo-European languages, but Estonian ethnic and language roots are to be found in the Finno-Ugric family, relating them more to the Finns and Hungarians.
	www.food-links.com /countries/baltic/baltic.php (631 words)

	BAFL.com - BAFL Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Repudiating the acts of two of the last century's greatest tyrants will give the Baltic peoples reassurance that Russia has broken with the expansionist ways of its predecessor and show that Russia is prepared to deal with the Baltic nations as sovereign and independent countries.
		The Baltic American Freedom League asks the Russian government that as a goodwill gesture and as proof of Russia's intentions to be a good neighbor of the Baltic countries, it welcome Baltic membership in NATO.
		The Baltic American Freedom League, Inc. (BAFL) was founded in Los Angeles in 1981 by a group of Baltic American political activists as a national organization to support the Baltic peoples' struggle to regain their freedom and independence from Soviet occupation.
	www.bafl.com /mission.htm (949 words)

	Baltic Druids, The Angels Universe
		The Baltic Druids were the last of the Europeans to become Christianized, and even then, their Earth-Based Spirituality lived on and lives on today, the Ancient Prussian sanctuary of Romuva is the name which modern ancestors of these peoples recognize their faith, although it is a way of life, not a religion.
		There were several ancient starseed peoples upon Earth that were each given a language that would connect them with the stars and their Divine DNA memory, the Baltic languages are part of this Sacred Language.
		During WW2, the indigenous peoples of the Baltics including what was Prussia, Latvia and Lithuania were forced from their homes and land, some of them by the German Nazi armies from the west, and some of them from the advancing Russian Armies from the East.
	www.angelsuniverse.com /druids.htm (2148 words)

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