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Topic: Bambara language

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	German language on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		GERMAN LANGUAGE [German language] member of the West Germanic group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Germanic languages).
		It is the official language of Germany and Austria and is one of the official languages of Switzerland.
		In the middle period a relatively uniform written language developed in government after the various chancelleries of the Holy Roman Empire began, in the 14th cent., to use a combination of certain dialects of Middle High German in place of the Latin that until then had dominated official writings.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/G/Germanla.asp (1585 words)

	Ethnologue: Mali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bambara dialects are spoken in varying degrees by 80% of the population.
		Speakers of the northern dialects are somewhat bilingual in Songai and Fulfulde; of the southern dialects in Bambara.
		The government is actively promoting the language through adult literacy classes and as the language of instruction at the primary level in some experimental schools.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Mali.html (2031 words)

	Bambara
		The Bambara are a large Mande racial group located mostly in the country of Mali.
		The Bambara speak "Bamana", which is one of the Manding languages.
		This permits the Bambara to give attention to farming for the period of the short rainy season.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/africa/bambara.html (601 words)

	African Language Dictionaries, Glossaries and Lexicons
		Iká is an Igboid language spoken in southern Nigeria.
		Traditionally, the Bambara are farmers in the Niger River Valley.
		A large part of the population uses Bambara as its mother tongue, and as secondary language it is employed to communicate nationwide.
	home.acceleration.net /clark/Links/Lexicon.htm (1024 words)

	West African Percussive Terminology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A branch of the Bambara, they are one of Mali's ethnic groups primarily known for being tradespersons and probably responsible for the spread of the djembe beyond the first Malinke migration.
		Pronounced "nyanyama," this Bambara term is used to refer to the kesingkesing.
		In Wolof language, the name of a vibrating djembe sound enhancer that is affixed to the drum using rope, in form of two or three metal plates surrounded by little rings around the outher edge and mounted at three, nine, and/or twelve o'clock around the rim.
	people.ucsc.edu /~bobbaq/pidicxry.htm (2310 words)

	Book: Survival in the Sahel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Their languages, Bamanakan and Maninkakan, are closely related dialects spoken by about 50 percent of the country's approximately 8.6 million inhabitants.
		Songhai, a language unrelated to any other in sub-Saharan Africa, is the major language in the northeastern part of the country, from Lake Débo to Gao, and in the Republic of Niger.
		The Somono speak the Bambara language in the Ségou area and, in the Mopti region, one of the four Bozo dialects.
	www.isnar.cgiar.org /publications/books/sahel/english/chap2-1.htm (1415 words)

	Bambara phrasebook - Wikitravel
		Bambara, or Bamanankan is a language in West Africa, mostly in Mali, where it is mother tongue of the Bambara people (30% of the population), and where 80% of the population can communicate in the language.
		Bambara will also be useful in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, and Gambia.
		The language is heavily influenced by French, and even the slightest knowledge of French will make it easier to remember words, and if you don't remember a word you can try to use the French word.
	wikitravel.org /travel/Bambara_phrasebook (495 words)

	Mali Breakout - Culture
		The Bambara language is almost identical to Dioula, the market language of neighboring Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, and Burkina Faso.
		The official language of the Republic of Mali is French.
		It was during that time that the French language was taught in the schools and became the medium of governmental administration.
	mali.pwnet.org /history/history_language.htm (478 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		List A alphabetizes the languages that are spoken by students of limited English proficiency in New York State school districts, and identifies the corresponding countries where those languages are spoken.
		The predominant Indian languages are Quechua, Aymara, and Saramo (aka Itonama; spoken by less than 19 percent of the population).
		Predominant native languages are Swahili (aka Kiswahili) and Luba.
	www.emsc.nysed.gov /ciai/biling/pub/languages.html (1206 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Each Bambara village is made up of many different households, usually all from one lineage or extended family.
		Although the cost of marriage is high, it is viewed as a type of "investment." The main purpose for marriage is to have children, which provide the family's labor force and ensure the future of the family lineage.
		Although most Bambara claim to be Muslim, many still follow their traditional beliefs such as ancestor worship (praying to deceased ancestors for guidance).
	www.ksafe.com /profiles/p_code2/1815.html (787 words)

	Ethnologue: Burkina Faso
		The Gouindougouba dialect is spoken by 1 or 2 villages.
		It is a separate language from Bambara and Malinke, and ethnically distinct.
		Language use is vigorous, and they are strongly attached to their language.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/Burk.html (4956 words)

	abstracts - IKOS, UiO
		The educational authorities should therefore initiate campaigns to inform the teachers and the rest of the population of the usefulness of the national languages as means of instruction.
		The conclusion is that though the active pedagogical method seems to work well, the mother tongue instruction lags behind that of the second language, thus jeopardising the mother tongue proficiency that is supposed to ease the acquisition of the second language.
		Language competence tests in the 5 th grade carried out in Ségou in 1997 show that after four years of Bambara instruction, the children are far from mastering their mother tongue in the written medium.
	www.hf.uio.no /ikos/forskning/forskningsprosjekter/skattum/abstracts.html (1551 words)

	ipedia.com: Bambara language Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Fewer numbers of people speak or understand the language, or dialects of it, in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoi...
		It is a SVO language and has two toness.
		Although written literature is only slowly evolving(due to the predominance of French as the "language of the educated"), there exists a wealth of oral literature, which is often tales of kings and heros.
	www.ipedia.com /bambara_language.html (303 words)

	KENAX - AFRICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The language of Bambara or Bamana is spoken in Guinea, Mali and Burkina Faso.
		As the second language of the Muslim world and the main language of the Iranian cultural and civililzation literary, mystical, countless precious works in different literary, mystical, philosophical, theological, historical, artistic, and religious areas, Persian has always caught the attention of Iranians and other people in different countries of the world.
		The Somali language, one of the major languages in Africa, is spoken in Somalia/Somaliland, Kenya, Ethiopia and the Republic of Djibouti.
	kenax.hypermart.net /_africa.html (3072 words)

	[No title]
		As a consequence of the tremendous numbers of languages spoken in Africa, African cultural groups, before the colonialists came, tended to be quite insular, self-sufficient, and intensely oral.
		Languages are difficult to determine and Bein states that Northwestern University collects material in over 273 African languages, while the Bible Society claims that Bibles and Bible stories exist in print in 670 African languages.
		An example of this the relationship between the culture and language of the Aja of Benin and the Yoruba of Nigeria; this relationship is not made apparent to the casual user because material on these groups is not collocated.
	filebox.vt.edu /users/bertel/africana.html (3756 words)

	Post Report
		Bambara, the most widely spoken local language, is used by 80 percent of the population, although each ethnic group has its own language.
		Bambara is a written language, as is Tamashek, the Berber dialect spoken by the Tuaregs.
		Mass in French and Bambara is regularly celebrated at the large, centrally located Roman Catholic Cathedral, with a mass in English on Sunday mornings.
	foia.state.gov /MMS/postrpt/print_pr_View_All.asp?cntryID=93§ion=&print=true&c_ID=&p_id=&s_ID= (18653 words)

	Toni Cade Bambara (b.1939)
		Pay particular attention, therefore, to the cadence/rhythm and tone of this very conversational piece, an episode, related to the reader as if she and Miss Hazel were talking over a cup of herb tea, embedded, as are all good oral narratives, with pieces of other conversations among the related incident's participants.
		Toni Cade Bambara, writing in the late sixties and early seventies, is speaking to a new generation of African-Americans who are avidly reading reprinted works by fl authors of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and who are equally eager for each new book off the press.
		So Bambara can write in her highly original, but still culturally situated, voice and expect a wide and racially diverse audience for whom she need not translate her idiom.
	www.georgetown.edu /bassr/heath/syllabuild/iguide/bambara.html (642 words)

	Bambara -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bambara dance headdress of wood in the form of an antelope, representing the spirit Tyiwara, who …
		ethnolinguistic group of the upper Niger region of Mali whose language, Bambara (Bamana), belongs to the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo language family.
		The Bambara are to a great extent intermingled with other tribes, and there is no centralized organization.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9012074 (526 words)

	bambara
		Their language, Bambara, is often the trade language for smaller people groups.
		The Bambara people are traditionally fetishers, however the coming of Arab traders brought the spread of Islam.
		Bambara crafts include cloth weaving, pottery, fabric dying, mat or basket weaving, and marionettes.
	members.fortunecity.com /bamana/bambara.htm (368 words)

	LING B102 7532-7533 Elementary Bambara II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Section 7532 is 4 credits and open only to Undergraduates Section 7533 is 3 credits and open only to Graduates P: grade of C or better in LING B101 or equivalent proficiency This course is the second part of a two-semester course.
		Bambara is spoken in West Africa especially in Mali and Burkina Faso, Guiena-Conalry, Cote Divoire and Senegal.
		Emphasis is on spoken language-oral and listening comprehension, language use in specific social settings like the market, school, hospital, doctor's office, among others.
	www.indiana.edu /~deanfac/blspr05/ling/ling_b102_7532-7533.html (105 words)

	Foreign Language Opportunities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Because of my interest in West Africa I decided to enroll in Bambara just to see what sort of experience it could provide to me. The one year that I was enrolled in Bambara was extremely useful.
		I enjoyed the two semesters of Bambara; however, more than just enjoying the classes I was able to play around with the language a little while I was studying abroad in Senegal.
		I had a Senegalese conversation partner who worked with me in learning the local language (Wolof); however, his second wife's language was Bamana (another name for Bambara), which gave me the chance to use the knowledge that I received here at IU to interact with her.
	www.iub.edu /~college/foreignlanguage/bambara/bambaraStudents.shtml (245 words)

	[No title]
		Secondly, Justenson and Kaufman base their claim of a Zoque origin for the Olmec language on the presence of a few Zoque speakers around mount Tuxtla, this is a false principle.
		The hypothesis that the Olmec spoke a Mixe-Zoque or Otomanguean language is not supported by the contemporary spatial distribution of the languages spoken in the Tabasco/Veracruz area.
		If this linguistic evidence is correct, many of the languages spoken in this area are spoken by people who may have only recently settled in the Olmec heartland, and may not reflect the language of the people that invented the culture we call Olmec today.
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Bay/7051/contraolmec.html (1898 words)

	Movie-Vault.com: Print Review
		The title means "brightness" in the Bambara language of Mali, and refers to a brilliant flash of light that comes near the end of the film, that signals either the end of the world or the beginning of a new one.
		Nianankoro (Issiaka Kane) is a young man of the Bambara in 13th century Mali, during that nation's reign as one of the greatest empires in world history (you've probably never heard of it; I only know about it because of an African history class I took).
		For example, it is apparently a practice of the Bambara to make an affirmative noise after nearly every sentence uttered by a speaker, I guess to show that you are listening.
	www.movie-vault.com /archive/printreview.pl?action=moviereview&movieid=QXijBVdTgbYAvjgO (740 words)

	Mali 2 -- Map and Intro
		The Bambara, Malinke, Sarakole and Voltaic (who comprise a larger group, the Mande) were farmers; the Peul,and Tuareg, herders; and the Bozo and Somono, fishers.
		Each ethnic group has its own language, but Bambara is the language of trade, used by an estimated 80% of the population, and in regions with a multiplicity of ethnicities, most people grow up polylingual.
		As empires have risen and fallen over the centuries, the people of the Sahel have incorporated into their culture a healthy sense of fatalism: fortunes may improve or be destroyed at any moment, so make the most of the present situation, help your neighbors, and hope for the best.
	www.econ.uiuc.edu /~hanko/Mali/mali02.html (1012 words)

	African Studies: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After an introduction into where and by whom Bambara is spoken you will get acquainted with the sounds and tones of the language.
		Even though every now and then theoretical information will be given the main aim of the course is to guide the student towards an understanding of the culture and the language of the Manding-dominated regions of West Africa so she/he will be able to accommodate to it more easily.
		This will be done by giving abundant additional information (in part audiovisual material like videotapes or slides) about the culture, society and the secret societies of the Bambara people as well as the political situation in the republic of Mali.
	www.univie.ac.at /afrikanistik/african.bambaracourse.html (322 words)

	The Decipherment of the Olmec Writing System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The hypothesis that the Olmec spoke an Otomanguean language is not supported by the contemporary spatial distribution of the languages spoken in the Tabasco/Veracruz area.
		If this linguistic evidence is correct, many of the languages in the Otomanguean family are spoken by people who may have only recently settled in the Olmec heartland, and may not reflect the people that invented the culture we call Olmecs today.
		In both the major decipherments of ancient scripts, e.g., cuneiform and ancient Egyptian, contemporary languages in their synchronic states were used to gleam insight into the reading of dead languages.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Academy/8919/decip1.html (6332 words)

	InfoHub Forums - African languages
		It is rather hard to stop on a certain language, maybe it will be better to classify them by families to whom they pertain and discuss the most significant ones.
		Swahili is part of the Bantu group of languages which stems from the Niger-Congo language family.
		Of course every state has its own tribal languages and besides those you named there is also Portuguese, spoken in some African countries such as Mozambique, Angola, etc. If I'm not wrong one may encounter also speakers of German in former German colonies.
	www.infohub.com /forums/showthread.php?p=5507 (972 words)

	About Ouelessebougou
		Language: French (official language), Bambara (most widely spoken language), Senoufo, Dogon, Taureg, Peul, Sarakolle, Sonrai, Khasonka, Arabic, secondary languages.
		Books are published in at least four Malian languages, but history is more commonly transmitted by narration from generation to generation, from parent to child.
		Rural schools are scarce because of the high cost of construction, which small communities must pay for on their own.
	www.cs.indiana.edu /~yinjin/l542/project4/ouelesse (350 words)

	PanAfrLoc \| PanAfrLoc / Manding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		If 80% of the Malian population (of 10 million) speaks Bambara to one degree or another (as a first or additional language), that would equal 8 million speakers for that country alone.
		Bambara is spoken primarily in Mali and also in eastern Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso.
		For instance, Bambara and Jula may be similar enough for a single software localisation and common development of some kinds of content, but different enough for separate translations of more detailed texts.
	www.bisharat.net /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Manding (1057 words)

	Search Results for Bambara - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Islam is practiced by about nine-tenths of the population, animism by most of the rest, and Christianity by a small number.
		All tribal languages belong to one of three subgroups of the Niger-Congo family: Kwa in the south, Mande in the northwest, and Voltaic in the northeast.
		There are several indigenous languages and dialects, which roughly correspond to either ethnic groups or regions.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Bambara&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (298 words)

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