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	Bandura
		bandura has 32–55 strings: the 8–14 bass strings (bunty) are stretched along the neck, and the 24–43 treble strings (prystrunky) run along the side of the soundboard.
		The bandura differs from other lutelike instruments by the presence of the prystrunky, on which the melody is performed (the bunty are used only for accompaniment), and the absence of frets.
		bandura steel strings are used, the lower ones being wound with copper, brass, or bronze.
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/B/A/Bandura.htm (418 words)

	Albert Bandura Biographical Sketch
		Young Bandura's elementary and high school years were spent at the one and only school in town, which being woefully short of teachers and resources left learning largely to the students' own initiative.
		Bandura's decision to re-label his theoretical approach from social learning to social cognitive was due to his growing belief that the breadth of his theorizing and research had expanded beyond the scope of the social learning label.
		Bandura has served psychology in a variety of capacities, and his sense of concern with the uses to which its knowledge is put swells his extracurricular activities.
	www.des.emory.edu /mfp/bandurabio.html (7080 words)

	Joyce E. Goins
		Bandura has performed a great deal of work on social learning throughout his career and is noted for his social learning theory, which he has recently renamed, "Social Cognitive Theory." His theory focuses on overt behavior as well as the motivational factors and self-regulatory mechanisms that contribute to a person's behavior (Schultz and Schultz, 1998).
		Bandura argues that operant conditioning is an inefficient and potentially hazardous way of learning skills such as swimming or driving; a person could drown or crash before finding the correct sequence of behaviors that led to positive reinforcement.
		Bandura and Walters (1963) showed that children whose parents punished aggressive behaviors usually avoided aggressive behaviors when their parents were present, but were aggressive in their interactions outside the home.
	www.xula.edu /xulanexus/issue2/Goins.html (1616 words)

	revue Savoirs Résumés n° Bandura
		Bandura’s model may provide a better description of processes operating in certain kinds of populations characterised by their social or cultural membership.
		This theory sheds light on some of Bandura’s early research into vicariant or social learning, and hence into the therapeutic technique of modeling, which is interpreted, not unlike virtually all psychotherapeutic processes, as a means to enhance the patient’s perceived self-efficacy and as a result, his or her “real” efficacy.
		Self-efficacy beliefs (Bandura, 2003) are important in social contexts in which, on the one hand, the individual is inevitably led to take on an ever more complex and multi-faceted role in making his way in life, and on the other hand, in which institutions have lost a major part of their power of social control.
	netx.u-paris10.fr /savoirs/ResumeBandura.htm (1879 words)

	APS Observer
		Bandura's daughter, Mary Bandura, has conducted research demonstrating that children who view intelligence as an acquirable skill are highly resilient in their personal efficacy beliefs.
		Bandura suggests that while it is important to be realistic about tough odds, it is equally important to maintain optimism that one can beat those odds.
		Bandura expresses the concern that "many of the contemporary conditions of modern life undermine the development of collective efficacy." Our lives are increasingly shaped by technologies that many people believe are beyond their control or even their understanding.
	www.psychologicalscience.org /observer/0701/keynote.html (1070 words)

	Key Theorists/Theories in Psychology - ALBERT BANDURA
		Albert Bandura was born on December 4, 1925 in the province of Alberta, Canada.
		Bandura is seen by many as a cognitive psychologist because of his focus on motivational factors and self-regulatory mechanisms that contribute to a person's behavior, rather than just environmental factors.
		Albert Bandura focuses on the acquisition of behaviors.
	www.psy.pdx.edu /PsiCafe/KeyTheorists/Bandura.htm (525 words)

	Distinguished Alumni Winner: Albert Bandura
		Bandura is known as psychology’s most cited contributor for his many influential theories, innovative experimental research programs, and significant applications of that wisdom to practical domains.
		Bandura’s original insights into the links between mind, behavior, environment, and culture are having an enormous impact through their translation into social action, and he has contributed to public television programs around the globe that are promoting personal and society-wide changes that are bettering people’s lives.
		Bandura served as president of the American Psychological Association in 1974 and chair of the board of directors of the American Psychological Association from 1972 to 1976.
	www.iowalum.com /daa/bandura.html (472 words)

	USC Annenberg \| Bandura wins 2007 Rogers Award
		Recently however, Bandura is credited with promoting large-scale literacy efforts by showing that learning via âliveâ experimentation and through television viewing often achieves the same positive result.
		Speaking to the assembly gathered in the room, he detailed the effects of the serialized telenovelas that have captured the imagination of youth and adults alike, often leading to desired social and cultural results in nations with large disadvantaged populations.
		Bandura sees Annenberg as a possible ally in the continuing effort to increase awareness and advocacy through the popularization of modeled behavior in these countries.
	annenberg.usc.edu /AboutUs/News/070919Bandura.aspx (907 words)

	Albert Bandura
		Bandura found this a bit too simplistic for the phenomena he was observing -- aggression in adolescents -- and so decided to add a little something to the formula: He suggested that environment causes behavior, true; but behavior causes environment as well.
		Bandura did a large number of variations on the study: The model was rewarded or punished in a variety of ways, the kids were rewarded for their imitations, the model was changed to be less attractive or less prestigious, and so on.
		Bandura altered the label of his theory from social learning to social "cognitive" both to distance it from prevalent social learning theories of the day and to emphasize that cognition plays a critical role in people's capability to construct reality, self-regulate, encode information, and perform behaviors.
	www.candleinthedark.com /bandura.html (6908 words)

	Putting the Power of Television to Good Use
		Bandura's research combines the power of television and the promise of psychological theory to address these social problems.
		Bandura, A. Influence of models' reinforcement contingencies on the acquisition of imitative responses.
		Bandura, A. Environmental sustainability by sociocognitive deceleration of population growth.
	www.psychologymatters.org /bandura.html (550 words)

	Albert Bandura
		Much of Bandura's work has focused on the acquisition and modification of personality traits in children, particularly as they are affected by observational learning, or modeling, which, he argues, plays a highly significant role in the determination of subsequent behavior.
		Bandura has been the single figure most responsible for building a solid empirical foundation for the concept of learning through modeling, or imitation.
		Similarly, Bandura has shown that when a model is exposed to stimuli intended to have a conditioning effect, a person who simply observes this process, even without participating in it directly, will tend to become conditioned by the stimuli as well.
	psychology.jrank.org /pages/63/Albert-Bandura.html (737 words)

	For use in GPS 520 only
		Bandura supports neither the extensive use of corporal punishment nor "unconditional love." He believes that unconditional love is selfdefeating because it eliminates the informative relationship between performance and reward.
		Bandura's views on observational learning and the translation of that learning into behavior can be summarized as follows: A person must observe something; remember what was observed; be able to perform the behaviors necessary to reproduce what was observed; and want to reproduce those behaviors.
		Bandura rejects the notion that humans are autonomous, that is, free to act independently of the environmental and personal influences impinging on them.
	academics.smcvt.edu /jadams/Advanced_Social/Readings/Bandura_&_Mischel.htm (11805 words)

	That's Me! - A Guide To Personality
		Bandura then went to Stanford University, became a member of the staff, and stayed their to continue with his teaching career.
		Bandura found Stanford an excellent place for collaborative research -"I have been able to work with such leading researchers as Jack Barchas and Barr Taylor in psychiatry, Robert DeBusk in cardiology, and Halsted Holman in internal medicine.
		Albert Bandura is best known as a social learning theorist whose research established the concept of imitation, or modeling, on a firm empirical base.
	library.thinkquest.org /C004361/biobandura2.html (239 words)

	STANFORD Magazine: September/October 2006 > Features > Albert Bandura
		Bandura consults on some of the biggest issues of our time: improving the status of women in traditional cultures, preventing the spread of HIV, and increasing the use of birth control in certain areas.
		Bandura explains that when a woman believes her husband has a delicate heart, she discourages the kind of exercise that might help the recovery of minor heart attack victims.
		(Bandura likes to say that his mother was deeply religious and his father drank holy wine with the priest.) Neither parent was formally educated, but both could see beyond the confines of tiny Mundare and they encouraged their son to do the same.
	www.stanfordalumni.org /news/magazine/2006/sepoct/features/bandura.html (2244 words)

	Untitled Document
		New banduras began to be mass produced with a large number of strings, tuned chromatically rather than diatonically (like a piano rather than a guitar), and levers were added to expedite rapid transposition (playing in a different key, etc.).
		Thus, bandura capellas, which combine the artistry of a bandura orchestra with that of choral singing, are a natural synthesis of two great loves of the Ukrainian people.
		Today there are 3 major type of banduras in concert use: The classical bandura, tuned diatonically with some 20 strings and wooden pegs; the Kharkiv bandura, tuned diatonically or chromatically with a single string mechanism and 34 to 65 strings; and the Kyiv bandura, with 55 to 64 strings tuned chromatically.
	www.bandura.org /bandura_history.htm (619 words)

	Bandura’s Social Learning Cognitive Theory
		Bandura additionally (1977) stresses the accessibility of television and the amount of attention that it easily commands when explaining the attention process.
		Bandura posits that individuals learn from their interactions and observations, and named the dynamics that are vital to this process: reciprocal determinism, symbolizing capability, vicarious capability, forethought capabilities, self-regulatory capabilities, and self-reflective capabilities (Bandura, 1986).
		Bandura (1995) defines self-efficacy, as the belief that people have in the ability to exercise control over events that affect their lives.
	www.floridabrasil.com /brazilian-soup-opera/40.html (781 words)

	Albert Bandura (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bandura became president of the APA in 1973 and went on to receive the APA’s Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions in 1980.
		Bandura found Behaviorist explanation a bit too simple for the phenomena he was observing, such as aggression in adolescents, and suggested it should be modified to incorporate behavior's determination of environment, instead of just focusing on the environment's determination of behavior.
		The therapy Bandura is most famous for is modeling therapy, which basically consists of having someone with a psychological disorder observe someone dealing with the same issues in a more productive fashion, thereby resulting in the first person learning (by modeling) the second.
	brainmeta.com /personality/bandura.php (285 words)

	Albert Bandura
		Bandura was president of the APA in 1973, and received the APA’s Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions in 1980.
		Bandura found this a bit too simplistic for the phenomena he was observing -- aggression in adolescents -- and so decided to add a little something to the formula: He suggested that environment causes behavior, true; but behavior causes environment as well.
		Bandura did a large number of variations on the study: The model was rewarded or punished in a variety of ways, the kids were rewarded for their imitations, the model was changed to be less attractive or less prestigious, and so on.
	webspace.ship.edu /cgboer/bandura.html (2467 words)

	Bandura, Albert \| Introduction: Psychologists and Their Theories
		Albert Bandura recognized the importance of this process, called observational learning or vicarious learning, in which people learn to do something without actually performing the behavior themselves or being directly rewarded or punished for it.
		Bandura's other major contribution to psychology has been the description of one key cognitive process, called perceived self-efficacy.
		These two central themes in Bandura's work—observational learning and self-efficacy beliefs—have been brought together with other factors under the label "social-cognitive theory." According to Bandura's social-cognitive theory, the outer world and the inner person—including that person's beliefs, thoughts, and feelings—combine to determine an individual's actions.
	www.enotes.com /psychology-theories/bandura-albert (525 words)

	band
		Later wandering scholars such as the philosopher Hryhory Skovoroda, who is known to have played the bandura well and composed music with it for his poetry, earned living by playing the bandura while journeying through the countryside.
		He was a virtuoso performer on the bandura and published the first book of instruction for the bandura in Lviv in 1909.
		Although the first ensemble of non-blind bandurists made up of university students was performing by 1906 under the direction of Mykhailo Domontovych in Kyiv, the first semi-professional bandura ensemble was formed in 1918 in Kyiv during the brief period of national liberation under the direction of the bandura virtuoso Vasyl' Yemetz.
	www.infoukes.com /bandura/band.htm (815 words)

	SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY of Albert Bandura, Chapter 31
		Bandura is convinced, however, that major gains in vicarious learning come when the observer develops a conscious awareness of the technique involved.
		Bandura concludes that reinforcement doesn't affect the learning of novel responses, but it does "determine whether or not observationally acquired competencies will be put into use." He discovered that the same antisocial learning took place when the aggressor was a cartoon character (Herman the Cat), rather than a human model.
		Bandura states that "theories must demonstrate predictive power." Social learning theory's claim that fantasy violence teaches and encourages real aggression tests out splendidly in the laboratory, where other factors can be held constant, but only passably in the field.
	www.mhhe.com /socscience/comm/bandur-s.mhtml (3598 words)

	Albert Bandura (1925-)
		Bandura's early school years were spent in a small, understaffed school in which students had to take a great amount of responsibility for their own learning.
		Bandura attended the University of British Columbia, graduating in 1949 with the Bolocan Award in Psychology.
		Bandura's seminal research on the modeling behavior of children, self-efficacy, and social cognitive theory made him a renowned researcher.
	social.jrank.org /pages/74/Bandura-Albert-1925.html (460 words)

	Albert Bandura (1925 - )
		Bandura believes phobics are cured through Cognitive Mediation: By increasing their efficacy top deal with phobic situations, it raises their perceptions of self-efficacy when dealing with fear producing situations in the future.
		Bandura claims that aggressive models exist on all levels of society, and watching aggressive behavior which is rewarded can lead to the modeling of aggressive acts.
		Bandura believes that each individual is unique, due to the specifics of their own social cognitive learning experiences.
	www.rpi.edu /~verwyc/bandura.htm (2321 words)

	Bandura SE
		Bandura: self-efficacy predicts actual performance provided that necessary skills and appropriate incentives are present.
		So, given the fact that I have the capability of running a mile in under 4 minutes, and that there is appropriate motivation for me to run as hard as I can, the belief in my ability to do so is a good predictor of whether or not I achieve this goal.
		Bandura argues that most of our learned behaviors are modeled.If an individual sees others doing something they may persuade themselves that they can do it to.
	www.science.smith.edu /exer_sci/ESS570/SE/Bandura_SE.html (1151 words)

	Experimental Bandura Trio Performs
		The outstanding Experimental Bandura Trio performed at The Washington Groups (TWG) Leadership Conference 2000 held on October 6-9th in Washington, D.C. The group was brought to the Conference by TWG's Cultural Fund.
		The bandura is a stringed instrument originating in Ukraine, where in centuries past blind bards (kobzari) used it to accompany their epic songs.
		His bandura compositions are experimental in the best sense of the word, with each exploring new territory for the instrument.
	www.artukraine.com /kobzars/trio.htm (519 words)

	Mid Frame
		Bandura was born on December 4, 1925 in the small farming community of Mundare, Canada.
		Bandura was president of the APA in 1973, and received the APA's Award for Distinguished Scientific Contibutions in 1980.
		Bandura is married to Virgina Varns, an instructer at a nursing school, whom he met while in Iowa, and has two daughters.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Speech/rccs/theory32.htm (807 words)

	Bandura receives Grawemeyer Award
		Bandura's ideas have helped define the way today's psychologists understand the mind and human behavior, the judges said.
		Bandura also found that people learn not only as a result of their own beliefs and expectations but also by "modeling" or observing others, an idea that led to the development of modern social cognition theory.
		Bandura will receive the award next spring and deliver a public lecture about his work in Louisville.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2007/december5/graw-120507.html (253 words)

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