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Topic: Banqiao Dam

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	Dam - Medbib.com, the modern encyclopedia
		Timber dams were widely used in the early part of the industrial revolution and in frontier areas due to ease and speed of construction.
		In a constant-angle dam, also known as a variable radius dam, this subtended angle is kept a constant and the variation in distance between the abutments at various levels are taken care of by varying the radii.
		A steel dam is a type of dam briefly experimented with in around the turn of the 19th-20th century which uses steel plating (at an angle) and load bearing beams as the structure.
	www.medbib.com /Dam (2646 words)

	The Catastrophic Dam Failures in China in August 1975
		Let the storage capacity of a dam be C and let G be the rate at which water can be passed through the dam based upon the number and size of the flood gates built into the dam.
		Let the unutilized capacity of the dam be E and the normal stored water be A. Thus A+E=C. A storm may be characterized by the magnitude of the flow at the dam site F and the duration of the flow D. The rate at which the dam fills up is given (F-G).
		The pass-through of the Banqiao Dam was to protect against a 1000 year flood, which was estimated to be one from a storm that would drop 0.53 meters of rain over a three day period.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/aug1975.htm (1558 words)

	Dam information - Search.com
		Oroville Dam is an example of an earth dam, and is the tallest dam in the United States.
		Some dams are equipped with fish passage structures, or fish ladders, to attempt to accommodate the migration of a river’s aquatic life.
		Where draw-off towers or sluices in dams release water from the Hypolimnion into the downstream river, the water discharged may be unusually cold and may be low in oxygen and high in metals such as Manganese.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Dam (3286 words)

	[No title]
		A recent study of 91 dams in 30 countries by the WWF identified 250 species, from sturgeon and dolphin to birds such as the Siberian crane, that have been directly harmed by dam construction -- a figure that is likely to be the tip of the iceberg.
		But large-scale dam construction could threaten everything from the ubiquitous hilsa fish to the giant local catfish, which grows up to two metres long and weighs as much as a man. The fear is that this fecundity could be damaged by dam schemes upstream.
		Where dams are built, their management too will have to be sustainable, with water releases and impoundments attuned to the requirements of the natural river system and downstream human beneficiaries of the river ecosystem, such as fishing communities, floodplain farmers and the users of wetlands.
	assets.panda.org /downloads/damsandfloodsweb.doc (5035 words)

	Three Gorges Dam - Free net encyclopedia
		Sun Yat-sen first proposed building a dam on the Yangtze River in 1919 for power generation purposes and the National Defense Planning Commission under the KMT made the first survey of the proposed site in 1932, but the idea was shelved due to unfavorable political and economic conditions.
		Later, Li Rui concluded that the dam should not be built at all since it would be too costly; also flood many cities and fertile farmland, subject the middle and lower reaches of the river to catastrophic flooding during construction and would not contribute much to shipping.
		Image:Three gorges dam from space.jpg In the face of much domestic and international pressure, the State Council agreed in March 1989 to suspend the construction plans for five years.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Three_Gorges_Dam (2449 words)

	Three Gorges Dam - China-related Topics TE-TH - China-Related Topics
		He added that the dam would also flood many cities and fertile farmland, subject the middle and lower reaches of the river to catastrophic flooding during construction and would not contribute much to shipping.
		Dams by their nature alter the ecosystem and threaten the habitats of various endangered species of fish, waterfowl and other animals.
		Probe International asserts that the dam does not address the real source of flooding, which is the loss of forest cover in the Yangtze watershed and the loss of 13,000 kmandsup2; of lakes (which had greatly helped to alleviate floods) due to siltation, reclamation and uncontrolled development.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Three_Gorges_Dam (2064 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: Special Reports :: The Three Gorges Dam Project
		It is normal that dam construction would cause earthquakes, but judging from the past experiences, Cao said, normally the magnitude of such earthquakes would not exceed the magnitude of earthquakes that generally occur in dam areas.
		From the long-term geological research done in the Three Gorges Dam area and research on earthquakes resulting from dam construction, scientists found that the earth crust movement in and near the dam area was stable.
		The dam, where workers are still toiling on the 2,309-meter (7,400-ft) long expanse of concrete spanning the Yangtze River, will generate 18 gigawatts of hydropower when it is complete and, it is hoped, tame floods on the notorious waterway.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/07spe/specrep01.html (10308 words)

	The Three Gorges Dam in China: Forced Resettlement, Suppression of Dissent and Labor Rights Concerns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		One crucial aspect of the Three Gorges dam project which until now has received little public attention is that of the project’s potential for causing major human rights violations in the proposed reservoir region.
		An example was the catastrophic collapse in August 1975 of two large water-conservancy projects in Henan Province, the Banqiao dam and the Shimantan dam.
		The Chinese government should instruct the Sichuan and Hubei provincial governments to establish an institutional framework for genuine consultations between the authorities and members of the resettlement population, with a view to minimizing unfair or arbitrary treatment and ensuring transparency and consistency in the implementation of resettlement criteria and standards of compensation.
	www.hrw.org /summaries/s.china952.html (1710 words)

	The Straight Dope: How long are dams like Hoover Dam engineered to last? What's the largest dam ever to fail?
		Larger dams are usually drained part way to make repairs easier, but with the really big ones even that's a major undertaking.
		If a smaller dam can't be repaired and poses a risk of failure, it's torn down as soon as funding and resources are available.
		The towering 860-foot Vajont Dam in Italy was responsible for approximately 2,000 dead in a 1963 accident--but the structure itself suffered only minor damage.
	www.straightdope.com /columns/060811.html (736 words)

	CANOE LIVE - CNEWS FORUM
		Dam failures have killed far more people than nuclear power plant failures, yet we are brainwashed into thinking that they are the safest way of producing power.
		I beleive that the problem that caused the dam to burst, was first, a cyclone that resulted in extensive rain fall.
		There are lots of Dams in Canada that are much older then 25 years, as a rule they where built on time and underbudget, you can not state that for our reactor power plants.
	www.canoe.ca /mb2/messages/cnewsf/10528-2.html (885 words)

	Flood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The control of annual flooding, by dikes and by dams, also prevents the deposition of silt on the rich farmlands and can result in their eventual depletion.
		The annual cycle of flood and farming was of great significance to many early farming cultures, most famously to the ancient Egyptians of the Nile river and to the Mesopotamians of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
		In 1972 Hurricane Agnes caused 122 deaths, mostly from the overflowing of rivers in New York and Pennsylvania.
	health.abcworld.net /Flood.html (1466 words)

	Banqiao Dam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Banqiao Reservoir Dam (Chinese: 板桥水库大坝; pinyin: Bǎnqiáo Shuǐkù Dàbà) and Shimantan Reservoir Dam (Chinese: 石漫滩水库大坝; pinyin: Shímàntān Shuǐkù Dàbà) are among 62 dams in Zhumadian Prefecture of China's Henan Province that failed catastrophically or destroyed intentionally in 1975 during Typhoon Nina.
		To protect other dams from failure, several Flood Control Districts (蓄洪区) were evacuated and inundated, and several dams deliberately destroyed by air strikes to release water in desired directions.
		According to Xinhua[2], the forecast was a rainfall of 100 mm by the Beijing-based Central Meteorological Observatory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Banqiao_Dam (1201 words)

	Background: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Three Gorges Dam Project (TGP) is the world’s largest construction project and the world’s largest power project.
		Wang gave assurances that the engineers have done their homework very well on all the technical controversies, be it the issue of sedimentation, erosion, slope stability or piping failure.
		Though the Chinese are known for their expertise at sediment management and dam design, in Henan province alone 62 dams failed and more than 26,000 people died from flooding.
	www.stanford.edu /~hummel/ChinaEnergy/ThreeGorges.htm (564 words)

	Dai Qing was born in 1941 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The dam is scheduled to be completed in the range of the years 2009 to 2013, and would create a gigantic reservoir on the middle of the Yangtze—China’s longest river.
		There were more than 80,000 dams and reservoirs that was built over the last forty years, have played an important role in flood control, electricity generation and irrigation, and have provided water for urban areas and industry.
		The massive Banqiao and Shimantan collapsed and eighty-five thousand people were dead, and millions more lost their homes and livelihoods.
	www2.newpaltz.edu /~lu06/summary.htm (2345 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		At the end of 2009 when the project would be complete, the generating capacity of the TGP would be 18,200 MW, and the power generated is anticipated to supply about 10% of China's electricity needs.
		When questioned about the issues related to fisheries, he replied, “What use is the fish if you don’t have the electricity for your refrigerator to preserve it?” Having already visited Beijing, The Forbidden City and The Great Wall, I realized the Chinese appetite for huge structures and was curious if TGP would exceed our expectations.
		There is a major concern about the quality of construction materials used, highlighted by a major crack appearing in the dam in 2000 that led some critics to fear a potential catastrophe similar to the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banqiao_Dam" \o "Banqiao Dam" Banqiao Dam failure in 1975.
	www.stanford.edu /~hummel/ChinaEnergy/ThreeGorges.doc (675 words)

	The Epoch Times :: Banned Environmentalist Writes About 'River Dragon'
		According to her book, the 80,000 dams constructed in the past 40 years in China have had a huge impact on flood control, electricity and irrigation, but the dams built during the Great Leap Forward have also had major problems because of shoddy construction.
		China averages 110 dam collapses each year, with the worst year being 1973, when 554 dams collapsed causing 9,937 deaths, excluding Banqiao and Shimantan collapses.
		The most devastating was on Aug. 5, 1975, when a record-breaking typhoon caused the reservoir water of the Banqiao dam to collapse and, like dominoes, 63 dams followed suit, causing 230,000 to drown with 11 million people stricken by disease, food poisoning and famine in the aftermath.
	www.theepochtimes.com /news/4-5-4/21229.html (816 words)

	More Info on three gorges dam - - three gorge dam - - there gorges dam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Three Gorges Dam (Traditional Chinese: 三峽大壩; Simplified Chinese: 三峡大坝; pinyin: Sānxiá Dàbà) spans the Yangtze River (the third longest river in the world) at Sandouping, Yichang, Hubei province, China.
		But critics believe that the Yangtze will add 530 million metric tons of silt into the reservoir on average per year and it will soon be useless in preventing floods.
		Concerns exist about the quality of construction materials used, highlighted by a major crack appearing in the dam in 2000, this has lead some critics to fear a potential catastrophe similar to the Banqiao Dam failure in 1975.
	www.usgovernetics.com /Tho-to-Tit/three_gorges_dam.php (2667 words)

	Enormous new Brazilian dam fails (reddit.com)
		The Brazilian dam didn't fail because of construction materials.
		It failed because a tunnel built as a floodway failed, leading to ground subsidence, which then led to catastrophic failure of the dam.
		A couple tunnels collapsed and cracks have appeared, but the dam is still there.
	reddit.com /info/9pq7/comments (465 words)

	China1
		August 1975 of two large water-conservancy projects in Henan Province, the Banqiao dam and the Shimantan dam.
		Gorges dam, the laogai system has thus been critically reinforced on the eve of the dam's proposed construction.
		There are three main documentary sources on the Banqiao and Shimantan dam collapses of August 1975.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1995/China1.htm (15763 words)

	Disasters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Great Sheffield flood, also known as the Great Inundation, was a disaster that devastated parts of Sheffield, England on March 11, 1864.
		The flood occurred following the collapse of the newly completed the Dale Dyke Dam at Low Bradfield on the River Loxley.
		This sent a wall of water flooding down the Loxely valley, through Loxley and Hillsborough, and then down the River Don through central Sheffield, Attercliffe and as far as Rotherham.
	www.s-engineering.net /the.html (129 words)

	MacAddict Forums / Chinese Lies, disease, chemicals and earthquakes
		Has anyone else noticed that that quake was in the general vicinity of the Three Gorges Dam?
		There are two hazards uniquely identified with the dam 2; sedimentation modeling is unverified, and the dam sits on a seismic fault.
		Well, it's not really in the vicinity of the dam...
	www.macaddict.com /forums/post/1087844 (1275 words)

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