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Topic: Banu Hilal

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Taghribat Bani Hilal

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	f. North Africa. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The dynasty was founded by a revolt of the Banu Hammad (1015) under the leadership of the Zirid governor of eastern Algeria.
		Invasion of Tunisia and Algeria by the Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym, warlike Arab tribes that had migrated to Egypt in the 8th century.
		For Tunisia, one of the principal consequences of the tribal invasion was the spread of the Arabic language to large parts of the countryside, where, unlike in the towns, Berber had formerly predominated.
	www.bartleby.com /67/321.html (749 words)

	Banu Hilal - Wikipedia
		Jahrhundert mit den Banu Sulaym aus Arabien nach UnterÃ¤gypten ein.
		Die Banu Hilal fielen mit 50.000 Kriegern in Ifriqiya ein, was zu ZerstÃ¶rungen in der Landwirtschaft und zu einer BeeintrÃ¤chtigung des Karawanenhandels fÃ¼hrte.
		Nachdem die vereinigten Banu Hilal 1152 bei SÃ©tif von den Almohaden geschlagen wurden, erfolgte eine Umsiedlung von Stammesteilen nach Marokko.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Banu_Hilal (294 words)

	Banu Hilal
		The Banu Hilal were an Arab tribe that migrated into North Africa in the 11th century, having been sent by the Fatimids to punish the Zirids for abandoning Shiism.
		Their influx was a major factor in the Arabization of the Maghreb, and in the spread of nomadism in areas where agriculture had previously been dominant.
		Their story is recounted in fictionalized form in Taghribat Bani Hilal.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/banu_hilal.html (137 words)

	Zirid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Zirids were a Berber dynasty, originating in Petite Kabylie among the Kutama tribe, that ruled Ifriqiya (roughly, modern Tunisia), initially on behalf of the Fatimids, for about two centuries, until weakened by the Banu Hilal and finally destroyed by the Almohads.
		The Fatimids sent the Bedouin tribes of Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym to Ifriqiya.
		Sharaf ad-Dawla al-Muizz ibn Badis ( 1015 - 1062) declared independence from the Fatimids 1048, changed capital to Mahdia in 1057 after Kairouan was lost to the Banu Hilal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zirid (462 words)

	Middle East Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the courtyard of a restored Mameluk mansion in Cairo, an old man stirs his audience with the epic poem of the Banu Hilal tribe, a legend of past Arab bravery fit for a troubled present.
		The Banu Hilal saga "is the Iliad of the Arab people," according to Egyptian poet Abdel Rahman al-Abnudi who has spent 35 years recording and publishing the oral tradition in Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco and Arabia.
		The story is about the powerful Banu Hilal tribe, who leave home in Yemen for the Hejaz, the area of Mecca and Medina in today's Saudi Arabia, and take part in the great battles of the early Islamic period.
	www.middle-east-online.com /english?id=7825 (669 words)

	Banu Hillal
		The entering of the Banu Hillal is believed to have had dramatic and destroying effects on the old social and governmental structures.
		But we see that local structures were in decline, and it is well possible that the "success" of the Banu Hillal was principally shaped by weakened communities, more than the strength of the Banu Hillal themselves.
		Their influx changed the use of land from agriculture to pastoralism, even if the Banu Hillal were not hostile to settled life.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/banuhill.htm (169 words)

	Al Hidaya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Among their works the most important ones are their treatises on the balance (Farastun or Qarastun), on the measurement of the sphere and on the trisection of the angle and the determination of two mean proportionals between two given quantities (later translated into Latin).
		Banu Musa described the kinematical trisection of the angle and the so-called gardeners’ construction of the ellipse (by means of a string attached to the foci)
		Hilal Al-Himsi translated the first four books of Apollonios into Arabic for Ahmad, one of the three sons of Musa.
	www.al-hidaya.org /CONTENTS/004.HTM (612 words)

	Berber - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unlike the invasions of previous religions and cultures, the coming of Islam, which was spread by Arabs, was to have pervasive and long-lasting effects on the Maghrib.
		The process of Arabization only became a major factor with the arrival of the Banu Hilal, a tribe sent by the Fatimids of Egypt to punish the Berber Zirid dynasty for having abandoned Shiism.
		The Banu Hilal reduced the Zirids to a few coastal towns, and took over much of the plains; their influx was a major factor in the Arabization of the region, and in the spread of nomadism in areas where agriculture had previously been dominant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Berber (3238 words)

	Encyclopedia: Taghribat Bani Hilal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Taghribat Bani Hilal (تغريبة بني هلال, also known as Sirat Abu Zeid Al Hilali سيرة ابي زيد الهلالي) is an Arabic epic recounting the Banu Hilal 's journey from Egypt to Tunisia and conquest of the latter.
		The event of Taghribat Bani Hilal has a basis in history, when Tunisia broke away from the Fatimid empire in the 10th century.
		The war between the Arab Banu Hilal and the Berber Zenata is the main theme for the Sirat named after Abu Zeid.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Taghribat-Bani-Hilal (374 words)

	Nikah.com: Islam: Sunan Abu-Dawud: Divorce (Kitab Al-Talaq) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hilal ibn Umayyah was one of three people whose repentance was accepted by Allah.
		Hilal said: I swear by Allah, I spoke the truth against her.
		Hilal ibn Usamah quoted AbuMaymunah Salma, client of the people of Medina, as saying: While I was sitting with AbuHurayrah, a Persian woman came to him along with a son of hers.
	www.nikah.com /marriage/abudawu_divorce.asp (5033 words)

	Maghreb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Arabs reached the Maghreb in early Umayyad times, but their control over it was quite weak, and various Islamic "heresies" such as the Ibadis and the Shia, enthusiastically adopted by some Berbers, quickly threw off Caliphal control in the name of their interpretations of Islam.
		The Arabic language became widespread only later, as a result of the invasion of the Banu Hilal (unleashed, ironically, by the Berber Fatimids in punishment for their Zirid clients' defection) in the 1100's.
		Throughout this period, the Maghreb fluctuated between occasional unity (as under the Almohads, and briefly under the Hafsids) and more commonly division into three states roughly corresponding to modern Morocco, western Algeria, and eastern Algeria and Tunisia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maghreb (542 words)

	Languages of Algeria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Until the Phoenicians ' arrival, Berber was spoken throughout Algeria, as later attested by early Tifinagh inscriptions.
		Despite the growth of Punic, Latin, and later Arabic, it remained the main language of Algeria until the invasion of the Banu Hilal in the 11th century.
		French is a part of the standard school curriculum, and is widely understood; estimates indicate that 20% of the population can read and write it [1].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Languages_of_Algeria (837 words)

	Domain Of Islam - Sections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Her father was Harith bin Hazan, and he belonged to the tribe of Banu Hilal.
		She felt her tribe, Banu Hilal should also be connected to the Prophet [sallallahu alayhi wa sallam] in the same way that the other tribes like Banu Teem, Banu 'Adi, Banu Umayyah, Banu Makhzoom, Banu Asad and Banu Mustalaq were connected by marriage.
		One of the members of this delegation was the son of the sister of Maimoonah, Ziyad bin 'Abdullah bin Ma1ik 'Amri.
	www.mi.darulislam.info /sections-viewarticle-22.html (1718 words)

	Muslim Rulers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Berberised Banu Hammudi princes - descendents of the Prophet ( Menéndez, 1934; Kennedy, 1996).
		Ruled by the Berberised Banu Hammudi princes - descendents of the Prophet.
		Banu Dhi-I-Nun, Andalusian Berbers of the Hawwara tribe.
	www.balagan.org.uk /war/0711/rulers_muslim.htm (377 words)

	Banu Hilal - Result for Banu Hilal - Meaning of Banu Hilal - Definition of Banu Hilal - Dictionary of Meaning - ...
		The '''Banu Hilal''' were an Arab tribe that migrated from Yemen into North Africa in the 11th century, having been sent by the Fatimid s to punish the Zirid s for abandoning Shiism.
		Their influx was a major factor in the Arabization of the Maghreb, and in the spread of Nomadic people nomadism in areas where agriculture had previously been dominant.
		There you find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Banu Hilal.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Banu_Hilal.html (179 words)

	Zirid Guides, Tutorials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Zirids were a Berber dynasty, originating in Petite Kabylie among the Kutama tribe, that ruled Ifriqiya (roughly, modern Tunisia), initially on behalf of the Fatimid s, for about two centuries, until weakened by the Banu Hilal and finally destroyed by the Almohad s.
		King Anawrahta of Myanmar captures Thanton in northern Thailand, strengthening Therava after Kairouan was lost to the Banu Hilal.
		Zirid The Zirids were a Berber dynasty, originating in Petite Kabylie among the Kutama tribe, that ruled Ifriqiya (roughly, modern Tunisia), initially on behalf of the Fatimids, for about two centuries, until weakened by the Banu Hilal and finally destroyed by
	www.masterliness.com /a/Zirid.htm (316 words)

	Bahrain Government Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thus Banu Amer were able to gain control over Bahrain with the exception of the Awal Island.
		Their authority extended to AI Yamama and Oman as well according to Ibn Saeed AI Maghribi who visited the region twice in 648 H and 652 H and again in 666 H. It was he who established the rule of Bani Amer of Bani Asfoor in AI Yamama and Bahrain.
		However, the policy of the Asfoors changed in 721H with the improvement in relations with the Mameluks during the,: reign of Sultan AI Nasser Qalawoon when the Banu Asfoor protected the Haj caravans passing through their territory.
	www.bahrain.gov.bh /english/bahrain/books/ages2/Chapter4_4.asp (2294 words)

	Islamic and Arabic word definitions - Glossary of Terms specifically words starting with the letters G H and I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hafsid s - The Banu Hafs, to give them their Arabic name, were a medieval Islamic dynasty which flourished between 625/1228 and 982/1574 in Tunis.
		Hilal - [pl. ahilla ] - Crescent, new or half moon.
		Hilal, Banu - Arab tribe, originally from Najd, some of whose members later migrated to Egypt.
	www.islamic-paths.org /Home/English/Glossary/GHI.htm (5011 words)

	Epic tales of Arab bravery
		The Banu Hilal saga "is the Iliad of the Arab people", according to Egyptian poet Abd al-Rahman al-Abnudi who has spent 35 years recording and publishing the oral tradition in Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco and Arabia.
		Indeed, it was a group of young Egyptians dressed in jeans who told the Banu Hillal saga in contemporary Arabic during a show at the French Centre for Culture and Cooperation in Cairo.
		Great fighter The story is about the powerful Banu Hilal tribe, who left home in Yemen for the Hejaz in Saudi Arabia and took part in the great battles of the early Islamic period.
	www.usenet.com /newsgroups/talk.politics.mideast/msg25511.html (626 words)

	Aljazeera.Net - Epic tales of Arab bravery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Banu Hilal epic strikes a chord with Arabs during crises
		In the courtyard of a restored Mamluk mansion in Cairo, an old man stirs his audience with the epic poem of the Banu Hilal tribe, a legend of past Arab bravery.
		The Banu Hilal saga "is the Iliad of the Arab people", according
	english.aljazeera.net /NR/exeres/0B47EBF1-DC22-429B-A13B-5C8E714CA860 (551 words)

	Banu Hilal -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		They quickly defeated the (Click link for more info and facts about Zirid) Zirid s and deeply weakened the neighboring (Click link for more info and facts about Hammadid) Hammadid s.
		They were led by (Click link for more info and facts about Abu Zayd al-Hilali) Abu Zayd al-Hilali.
		Their story is recounted in fictionalized form in (Click link for more info and facts about Taghribat Bani Hilal) Taghribat Bani Hilal.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/B/Ba/Banu_Hilal.htm (79 words)

	Infomedi
		Nel secolo XI avvenne, invece, la famosa invasione della tribù dei Banu Hilal e di quella dei Banu Sulaim che occuparono molte regioni nordafricane 27.
		Occorre però precisare che i Banu Hilal penetrarono in Tunisia attraversando l’Egitto nella prima metà del XI secolo.
		Senza dubbio tale espansione causò distruzioni e disordine, ma non sembra che i Banu Hilal fossero ostili in linea di principio alla vita dei sedentari poiché intrattenevano relazioni con le preesistenti dinastie.
	www.infomedi.it /berberi.htm (4395 words)

	SUMMARIES QSA 7 (1989)
		After having made reference to the famed writings by Ibn Haldun on the invasion of Ifriqiya by the Hilali tribes in the eleventh century, this essay examines the popular epic tradition which has developed around these events, as illustrated by the Sirat Bani Hilal.
		The Banu Hilan conquerors were warlike Bedouins who despised all forms of farming and cultivation and who did not hesistate to destroy the famous Zanati's gardens.
		They charged the Tunisian ruler with the massacre of the Shi'ites, while the latter wre in prayer; this was but one echo of the anti-Shi'ite activities which occurred during the reign of Mu`izz ibn Badis, a rebel against the Fatimides of Egypt.
	venus.unive.it /qsa/07summar.htm (1897 words)

	Chronological Timeline
		750-1258 The caliphate of the 'Abbasid dynasty (Banu l-'Abbas).
		The Zirids of Qayrawan withdrew allegiance to the Fatimids.
		from 1050 The expansion of the Arab tribes of the Banu Hilal and Sulaym into northwest Africa caused devastation of parts of the Maghrib, and was followed by a century of anarchy.
	www.princeton.edu /~batke/itl/chron.html (6734 words)

	THE MUHAJIRIN'S AFFLICTIONS
		The year as the divine message took a crucial turn, the Quraish increased their harassment, to seize the possessions and houses of the Muslims and detaining their women and children as captives.
		The house of Banu Jahash was emptied of all its habitants including Abdullah bin Jahash, his family and his brothers by Abu Sufyan who seized it by force.
		However, when the men of Banu Abd al-Assad tribe saw that Umm Salama was being taken by force along with her son, they became angry and told them: Indeed this boy is our son and we will not let you separate him from us.
	www.al-shia.com /html/eng/books/history/the-holy-prophet-mohammad(s)/9afflications.htm (628 words)

	Algeria - Fatimids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This Berber dynasty, which had founded the towns of Miliana, Médéa, and Algiers and centered significant local power in Algeria for the first time, turned over its domain west of Ifriqiya to the Banu Hammad branch of its family.
		Contributing to these political and economic dislocations was a large incursion of Arab beduin from Egypt starting in the first half of the eleventh century.
		Part of this movement was an invasion by the Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym tribes, apparently sent by the Fatimids to weaken the Zirids.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-321.html (503 words)

	Sened - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1911, the whole town spoke Berber; by 1968, only the elderly did.
		From a section translated from the epic Taghribat Bani Hilal, detailing the incursion of the Banu Hilal, in Provotelle's Etude sur la Tamazir't ou Zenatia de Qalaât Es-sned (Tunisie) (1911).
		The Arabic and French transcriptions of the text are reproduced unchanged; in the latter, r' represents a voiced uvular fricative, kh a voiceless uvular fricative, ch represents English sh, ou represents /u/ or /w/, i represents /i/ or /j/, and e represents schwa.
	www.iridis.com /Sened (248 words)

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