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	Shimon bar Kokhbah, Leader of the Jewish Rebellion
		The meaning of his name, bar Kokbah, is the son of a star whereas the meaning of bar Koseva is son of deceit.
		Yet during this period, the name of bar Kokhba was equated with that of the Messiah.
		During the time of the rebellion, bar Kokhba was referred to as the Nasi, the leader or prince of the Jewish people.
	www.jewishmag.co.il /77mag/barkokhba/barkokhba.htm (909 words)

	Simon bar Kokhba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Simon bar Kokhba (Hebrew: שמעון בר כוכבא, also transliterated as Bar Kokhva or Bar Kochba) was the Jewish leader who led what is known as Bar Kokhba's revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE, establishing an independent Jewish state of Israel which he ruled for three years as Nasi ("prince," or "president").
		Bar Kokhba was the subject of an operetta, Bar Kokhba, written by Abraham Goldfaden some time between 1883 and 1885.
		Another operetta on the subject of Bar Kokhba was written by the Russian-Jewish emigre composer Yaacov Bilansky Levanon in Palestine in the 1920s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Simon_bar_Kokhba (1024 words)

	All About Jewish Theatre - Forging a hero for a Jewish stage: Goldfadn's Bar Kokhba
		Bar Kokhba, it was asserted, was the cause of the Ukase.
		Bar Kokhba serves as a template in esthetic form (through plot, character, theme and allegory) to assert Jewish self-consciousness by providing a theatrical catharsis and an ideological intent.
		Bar Kokhba emerges as the heroic figure in the muzikalishe melodrame whom Goldfadn created to project the nationalist ideals: bravura, courage, action, and Judaic resolve in response to insult.
	www.jewish-theatre.com /visitor/article_display.aspx?articleID=1010 (5992 words)

	Bar Kokhba Coin from Clay City, Ky.
		The Clay City coin and two other Bar Kokhba coins from Kentucky gained currency, so to speak, when they were cited by Cyrus H. Gordon (Before Columbus, New York, Crown, 1971, Appendix) as perhaps being related to the similarly Old Hebrew inscription on the Smithsonian's Bat Creek Stone.
		Bar Kokhba coins were therefore a well-established part of the tradition of religious history, even in rural Kentucky.
		Despite the negative call on this coin, it remains an important part of the discussion, pro and con, of the possibility of pre-Columbian contacts, and the owner and her husband are to be praised for faithfully retaining it all these years and permitting it to be studied.
	www.econ.ohio-state.edu /jhm/arch/barkokhb.htm (1131 words)

	Bar Kochba (Shimon Bar Kosiba) and the Bar Kochba Revolt - Zionism and Israel -Encyclopedia / Dictionary/Lexicon of ...
		Bar Kochba and most of the remaining defenders died of starvation some time in 136, traditionally on the 9th day of Av (August), a date that coincides with the destruction of the temple.
		From the discussion of Bar Kochba in Talmudic literature, it is evident that he never had the support of all factions of the religious establishment.
		A perhaps dubious tradition claimed that Bar Kochba had false Messianic pretensions, and insisted that the failure of Bar Kochba indicated the futility of Jewish self defense in general.
	www.zionism-israel.com /dic/Bar_Kochba.htm (2028 words)

	Richard G. Marks: Image of Bar Kokhba in Traditional Jewish Literature, The
		Bar Kokhba led the Jewish rebellion against Rome in 132-135 A.D., which resulted in massive destruction and dislocation of the Jewish populace of Judea.
		In early rabbinic literature, Bar Kokhba was remembered in two ways: as an imposter claiming to be the Messiah and as a glorious military leader whose successes led Rabbi Akiva, one of the great rabbinic authorities of Jewish tradition, to acclaim him the Messiah.
		The Image of Bar Kokhba in Traditional Jewish Literature is a history of the perceptions that later Jewish writers living in the fourth through seventeenth centuries formed of this legendary hero-villain whose actions, in their eyes, had caused enormous suffering and disappointed messianic hopes.
	www.psupress.org /books/titles/0-271-00939-X.html (327 words)

	A Lead Weight of Shimon Bar Kokhba (#m11) < Monographs < Archaeological Center - Licensed to sell ancient history > ...
		In our view, the weight of the silver coins of Bar Kokhba is to be considered as the key to the weight standard used by his administration.
		7 The weight of the Bar Kokhba coins are according to the Greek standard, since all the Bar Kokhba coins were struck on Roman provincial silver and bronze city coins, which were in circulation in Judaea at the time.
		A second lead weight belonging to the Bar Kokhba administration is the ‘Haaretz Museum Weight’, purchased by the Museum in 1967 and stolen in 1976.
	www.archaeological-center.com /en/monographs/m11 (1435 words)

	Shimon bar Kokhba
		His last name, however, is written with many variations, such as Ben Koziva or Bar Kozevah, in different documents.
		It is probable that his name was originally Bar Koseva, which is either his father's name or the name of a Judean settlement.
		It was likely changed to Bar-Kokhba during the revolt, as a reference to a verse in the Bible referring to the Messiah as a star (kokhav).
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/Kokhba.html (427 words)

	History: Jewish Bar Kochba Revolt
		Bar Kochba asked Rabbi Elazar what was said to him by the Kussi on that day.
		Bar Kochba therefore was good for the Jews he gave hope to the Jews and gave them a taste of independence and what it feels like to fight for all you believe in.
		Even if Bar Kochba did not exist a revolt would have still occurred maybe with a different date and a different leader, but a revolt was inescapable.
	www.cyberessays.com /History/95.htm (1682 words)

	A Lead Weight of Shimon Bar Kokhba (#m11) < Monographs < Robert Deutsch - Archaeology and Epigraphy > ...
		In our view, the weight of the silver coins of Bar Kokhba is to be considered as the key to the weight standard used by his administration.
		7 The weight of the Bar Kokhba coins are according to the Greek standard, since all the Bar Kokhba coins were struck on Roman provincial silver and bronze city coins, which were in circulation in Judaea at the time.
		A second lead weight belonging to the Bar Kokhba administration is the ‘Haaretz Museum Weight’, purchased by the Museum in 1967 and stolen in 1976.
	www.robert-deutsch.com /en/monographs/m11 (1464 words)

	Bar Kokhba Simon - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bar Kokhba, Simon, real name Simeon Bar Kosba (died 135), leader of the Jews in their insurrection against the Romans in 132-135.
		A violent revolt occurred in Judaea, under Simon Bar Kokhba.
		From 132 to 135 the Jews made a desperate stand against the Roman legions and were, for...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Bar_Kokhba_Simon.html (110 words)

	Bar Kokhba's revolt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bar Kokhba’s revolt (132–135 CE) against the Roman Empire, also known as The Second Jewish-Roman War or The Second Jewish Revolt, was a second major rebellion by the Jews of Iudaea and the last of Jewish-Roman Wars.
		The Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva (alternatively Akiba) convinced the Sanhedrin to support the impending revolt, and regarded the chosen commander Simon Bar Kokhba to be the Jewish Messiah, according to the verse from Numbers 24:17: "There shall come a star out of Jacob" ("Bar Kokhba" means "son of a star" in the Aramaic language).
		At the time Christianity was still a minor sect of Judaism, and most historians believe that it was this messianic claim in favor of Bar Kokhba that alienated many Christians (including Jewish Christians), who believed that the true messiah was Jesus, and sharply deepened the schism between Jews and Christians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bar_Kokhba's_revolt (1742 words)

	132-135 CE - Revolt of Bar Kokhba (Son of the Star) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After careful planning, the Jews rebel and the forces of Bar Kokhba overrun the Judean plain, cutting off the Roman garrison in Jerusalem from the command of Caesarea.
		In 134, when the ring of Roman armies began to close in, Bar Kokhba evacuates Jerusalem and concentrates his resistance in the Fortress of Beit-Ter, or Bettir, in the mountains several miles to the west.
		Bar Kokhba is killed in battle and Rabbi Akiva is tortured to death by the Romans.
	www.jerusalem-archives.org /period1/1-22.html (360 words)

	Second Revolt-Jerusalem through Coins
		Bar Kokhba Revolt, large silver coin known as a sela, 134 -135 CE (undated, attributed to year 3),O :"Shim'on", facade of Temple in Jerusalem w/ Arc of the Covenant ;star above R: "For the freedom of Jerusalem", lulav and etrog (Sukkot holiday symbols).
		Bar Kokhba, Year 1, 132/133 CE, M-6, Bar Kokhba Bronze, AE 23.
		Beth-ther, the last Bar Kokhba holdout is taken and Bar Kosiba is killed and Rabbi Akiba is captured, tortured and killed.
	members.verizon.net /vze3xycv/Jerusalem/conf2ndRevolt.htm (631 words)

	Ein Gedi
		These letters and other artifacts from Bar Kokhba and his fighters, even leather sandals and reed items,are remarkably well preserved because of the dry desert climate.
		An impression of what it was like for the Jewish rebels under Bar Kokhba to have lived in desert caves, can be obtained by a walk through Wadi Arugot, also in the reserve but with a separate entrance more to the south.
		Bar Kokhba's correspondence was found in the Cave of the Letters in Nahal Hever.
	www.jewishmag.com /54mag/ein-gedi/ein-gedi.htm (1971 words)

	Buy Bar Kokhba tickets - Buy discount Bar Kokhba theater tickets nationwide
		Bar Kokhba tickets may be purchased online through our guaranteed safe and secure server.
		Onlineseats.com is one of largest full service ticket brokerages in the country and we are here to help you with your entertainment needs when you have the last minute urge to see Bar Kokhba live or just simply to find out more information about them such as tour dates and times.
		Bar Kokhba tickets may be purchased by following any of the links on this page.
	www.onlineseats.com /theater/bar-kokhba-tickets/index.asp (519 words)

	BAR KOCHBA WAR
		132 to 135 CE Bar Kokhba Revolt, large silver coin known as a sela, 134 -135 CE (undated, attributed to year 3),O:"Shim'on", facade of Temple in Jerusalem w/ Arc of the Covenant ;star above R: "For the freedom of Jerusalem", lulav and etrog (Sukkot holiday symbols).
		Bar Kokhba Revolt, middle bronze,134 -135 CE (attributed to year 3, undated),AE middle bronze, 11.4g, 1" dia.,O: Seven-branched palm tree with two bunched of dates; Hebrew across field below "Simon" R: Vine leaf on tendril; Hebrew around "For the freedom of Jerusalem."
		Bar Kochba, Year 2=133/134 C.E. Vine leaf and Hebrew inscription, "Year two of the freedom of Israel." Rv.
	members.verizon.net /vze3xycv/RulersCoins/BKochbaPicr.htm (279 words)

	title
		In 132 C.E. the legendary Shimeon Bar Kokhba led the Second Revolt of the Jews against Roman rule.
		During the Second Revolt, Bar Kokhba's troops captured Jerusalem, and restored the Jewish state, but they were eventually defeated in 135 C.E. by the Roman general Julius Severus.
		Figures 5 and 6 are cross-sections produced from the ERT data that clearly indicate not only the location of the Bar Kokhba surface, but the nature of the geologic materials found below the cave floor.
	uweb.cas.usf.edu /~vacher/Israel/CaveofLetters.htm (1593 words)

	jüdische geschichte
		Cotton erwägt hier die Möglichkeit nabatäischer Söldner auf seiten Bar Kokhbas, favorisiert jedoch eine inhaltliche Übereinstimmung zwischen Juden und Nabatäern, die sich gemeinsam von der hadrianischen Hellenisierungspolitik bedroht gesehen hätten.
		Der vorliegende Sammelband zeigt das breite Spektrum der Fortschritte, Kontroversen und weiterhin offenen Fragen zum Bar Kokhba-Aufstand, ohne einen Konsens der Forschung formulieren zu wollen oder zu können.
		Oppenheimer, Aharon (Hg.), The Bar Kokhva Revolt, Jerusalem 1980 (hebr.); Schäfer, Peter, Der Bar Kokhba-Aufstand, Tübingen 1981; Oppenheimer, Aharon; Rappaport, Uriel (Hgg.), The Bar Kokhva Revolt.
	www.hagalil.org /hagalil/or/2004/03/bar-kokhba.htm (1324 words)

	Amazon.com: Bar Kokhba: Music: John Zorn,Masada Chamber Ensembles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		There are some Zorn records I listen to a lot and some I don't: I listen to Bar Kokhba a lot, also The Circle Maker (which is very similar) and the Masada records (which are wilder and crazier).
		"Bar Kokhba" is one of John Zorn's most tirelessly praised and revered albums-- look no further than the reviews here, all of them give the recording five stars.
		"Bar Kokhba", for those unfamiliar, is effectively billed as chamber ensembles play the Masada songbook.
	www.amazon.com /Bar-Kokhba-John-Zorn/dp/B000003YTK (1336 words)

	John Zorn, Masada String Quartet, Bar Kokhba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It was evident from the names of the three overlapping ensembles that this was to be a concert in which Zorn would be drawing on his Jewish heritage.
		The second ensemble, Bar Kokhba, takes its name from the Jewish freedom fighter Simeon Bar Kokhba, hailed by some as the Messiah, who launched a revolt against the Romans in 132 AD.
		This was a six-piece group in which the earlier trio was expanded by Zorn's old side-kick Joey Baron on drums, Cyro Baptista, percussion and Marc Ribot, electric guitar.
	www.musicweb.uk.net /SandH/2000/jan00/zorn.htm (822 words)

	John Zorn's Masada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Picking up where Bar Kokhba left off, Zorn took twenty-nine of the songs from the Masada songbook and rearranged them for two chamber music ensembles.
		The first disc, Zevulun, is played by the Bar Kokhba Sextet: Mark Feldman (violin), Erik Friedlander (cello), Greg Cohen (bass), Marc Ribot (guitar), Cyro Baptista (percussion), and Joey Baron (drums).
		Four of the songs are not on the original ten albums — Bikkurim can be found on Bar Kokhba, and Hodaah, Sippur, and Kisofim are on The Circle Maker.
	www.omnology.com /zorn02.html (3418 words)

	Arutz Sheva - Israel National News
		A tradition kept by Jewish children of all backgrounds in Israel, the bonfires represent the light of Torah, and especially that of the Kabbalah, brought to the world by Rabbi Shimon.
		Israel's Chief Rabbi Yonah Metzger, in his work B'Maagalei HaChayim, notes that the custom of playing with bows and arrows on this day is "apparently because tradition tied this date with the Bar Kokhba rebellion." A learned article on the subject by Rabbi Pinchas Stolper can be seen here.
		The organizers describe the event as the "fire of determination and hope, the one that has been burning since the days of Bar Kokhba and that will continue to burn for 'as long as within our hearts...
	www.israelnationalnews.com /news.php3?id=82688 (433 words)

	Bar Kokhba Rebellion, 132-135 books, find the lowest prices
		Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered : New Perspectives on the Second Jewish Revolt Against Rome
		The Mystery of Bar Kokhba : An Historical and Theological Investigation of the Last King of the Jews
		The Coinage of the Bar Kokhba War, Typos VI
	www.allbookstores.com /Bar_Kokhba_Rebellion_132-135.html (251 words)

	Temple Israel Center - Prayer and Religious Life
		As we learned earlier in this section, Bar Kokhba had led a valiant but unsuccessful revolt against the Romans in 132 CE.
		Rabbi Akiva had become an ardent supporter of Kokhba, believing him to be the coming of the Messiah.
		One is that the teachings of Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai were compiled in the Zohar, meaning shining light, so we kindle bonfires to bring light to the world.
	www.templeisraelcenter.org /prayer/holidays.php?hid=14 (729 words)

	Wars between the Jews and Romans
		Some miracles were attributed to him: there were reports that he had been seen spewing out flames (go here for a discussion).
		When the Roman author Cornelius Fronto wrote a letter to the emperor Marcus Aurelius on the occasion of the destruction of a legion by the Parthians (in 162 AD), he compared it to the Bar Kochba revolt, implicitly admitting that the latter had been a defeat (text).
		To this should be added an article by W. Eck, 'The Bar Kokhba Revolt: the Roman point of view' in the Journal of Roman Studies 89 (1999) 76ff.
	www.livius.org /ja-jn/jewish_wars/jwar07.html (2219 words)

	Messianic claimants (18) Simon ben Kosiba
		Comment: Jesus of Nazareth and Simon ben Kosiba are the only Jewish leaders who are positively identified as Messiahs in the Jewish sources: Jesus is explicitly called 'Messiah' by Flavius Josephus, Ben Kosiba in several rabbinical treatises.
		The editor of the Palestinian Talmud changed all references into 'son of the disappointment' (Kozeba), but, however the precise wording of this testimony, it is clear that Aqiba said that Simon ben Kosiba was the Messiah and was corrected by rabbi Yohanan ben Torta.
		Barchochebas, the leader of the revolt of the Jews, gave orders that Christians alone should be lead away to cruel punishments, unless they should deny Jesus as the Christ and blaspheme.
	www.livius.org /men-mh/messiah/messianic_claimants17.html (1038 words)

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