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	Barbara McClintock - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927, where she was a leader in the development of maize cytogenetics; the field remained the focus of her research for the rest of her career.
		McClintock's research became well understood in the 1960s and 1970s, as researchers demonstrated the mechanisms of genetic change and genetic regulation that she had demonstrated in her maize research in the 1940s and 1950s.
		McClintock, Barbara (1945) Neurospora: preliminary observations of the chromosomes of Neurospora crassa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Barbara_McClintock (3840 words)

	Barbara McClintock
		McClintock was known as a maverick in the field of biology, often taking unorthodox views on the mechanisms of evolution, genetic regulation and development.
		Though McClintock’s discovery of genetic transposition occurred between the 1920’s and 1950’s, her radical ideas were not well received by a scientific community that had spent the last fifty years ridding biology of every last vestige of teleology and vitalism.
		When Barbara McClintock died in 1992, one of her obituaries suggested that she might well be ranked as the greatest figure in biology in the 20th century.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Barbara_McClintock (197 words)

	Barbara McClintock, June 16, 1902—September 2, 1992 \| By Nina V. Fedoroff \| Biographical Memoirs
		Barbara described an incident from childhood in which a neighbor chided her for playing boys' games in the street, telling her it was time for her to learn to do the things that girls do.
		McClintock was deeply frustrated by her failure to communicate, but her fascination with the unfolding story of transposition was sufficient to keep her working at the highest level of physical and mental intensity she could sustain.
		McClintock spent the winters of 1958 and 1960 in Central and South America, fascinated by the emerging realization that the spread of maize through the region could be tracked by the chromosome constitution of the indigenous populations.
	www.nap.edu /readingroom/books/biomems/bmcclintock.html (6113 words)

	Nathaniel Comfort's The Tangled Field: Barbara McClintock's Search for the Patterns of Genetic Control
		McClintock's primary research interest, her theory of developmental control, was found to be incorrect so her Nobel prize was not a legitimation of her life's work.
		Barbara McClintock (1902-1992), a geneticist who integrated classical genetics with microscopic observations of the behavior of chromosomes, was regarded as a genius and as an unorthodox, nearly incomprehensible thinker.
		Barbara McClintock was one of the most fascinating, brilliant and influential geneticists of the 20th century, the century of genetics.
	www.2think.org /barbara_mcclintock.shtml (1059 words)

	Barbara McClintock
		Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) in 1944 became the third woman elected to the Academy.
		In the 1940s and 1950s McClintock's work on the cytogenetics of maize led her to theorize that genes are transposable -- they can move around -- on and between chromosomes.
		McClintock was born in Hartford, CT, and obtained her undergraduate and doctoral degrees at Cornell University's College of Agriculture.
	www.nas.edu /history/members/mcclintock.html (193 words)

	CSHL - History: Barbara McClintock
		With these, McClintock identified ring chromosomes, which she soon realized were a special case of chromosomes broken by radiation; the broken ends sometimes fused to one another and formed a ring.
		McClintock spent the summer of 1941 at Cold Spring Harbor as the guest of summer investigator Marcus Rhoades.
		He saw in McClintock's data new support for his theory; in return, McClintock saw that Goldschmidt's concept of the chromosome as the basic unit of heredity was more consonant with her transposable "controlling elements" than was the standard Beadle and Tatum model of the gene.
	www.cshl.edu /History/mcclintock.html (795 words)

	Barbara McClintock's Presentation
		Barbara does a rousing reading of one of her books, with group participation.
		Barbara talks about her early years as a young artist/Writer, and how she learned to perfect her drawing and writing skills.
		Barbara stresses the importance of revising, and persistance.
	www.visitingauthors.com /authors/mcclintock_barbara/mcclintock_b_presentation.html (168 words)

	CSHL Archives: BARBARA McCLINTOCK: A Brief Biographical Sketch
		McClintock was appointed Andrew D. White Professor-at-Large at Cornell in 1965, a fitting recognition by her Alma Mater of the great distinction she has achieved as a scientist and scholar.
		Barbara McClintock was awarded the honorary Doctor of Science degree by: the University of Rochester in 1947; Western College in 1949; Smith College in 1957; the University of Missouri in 1968; Williams College in 1972; The Rockefeller University in 1979; and Harvard University in 1979.
		In 1970 Barbara McClintock was again recognized for her accomplishments in genetics, receiving the National Medal of Science, and in 1973 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory honored her by dedicating a building in her name.
	library.cshl.edu /archives/bmcbio.htm (690 words)

	A Celebration of the Life of Dr. Barbara McClintock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		However, McClintock's reports of transposable genetic elements were not readily accepted by her scientific peers until her genetic insights were verified by molecular biologists in the 1970's.
		Green commented that McClintock bore these honors with a martyr's resignation, as she was well aware of the impact the attendant publicity would have on her solitary personal and scientific lifestyle.
		In the area of genome structure, McClintock likened the genome to a sophisticated erector set (although she had an intense dislike for models), whose activities were regulated by controlling elements (her term for transposable elements).
	www.nalusda.gov /pgdic/Probe/v3n1_2/mcclinto.html (920 words)

	Barbara McClintock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Barbara McClintock was born in Hartford, Connecticut, on June 16, 1902.
		Barbara became a faculty member at the University of Missouri in 1936.
		Instead, in 1944, she became president of the Genetics Society of America and also became the third woman to be given the honor of being named to the National Academy of Sciences.
	www.angelfire.com /anime2/100import/mcclintock.html (291 words)

	Barbara McClintock and Her Jumping Genes
		Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut.
		Barbara was elected the first woman president of the Genetics Society of America in 1944.
		Barbara’s research was pioneering in the field of genetics.
	www.quasar.ualberta.ca /edse456/apt/vignettes/mcclintock.htm (577 words)

	BARBARA McCLINTOCK
		Barbara McClintock was recognized as a brilliant scientist and an impeccable worker, but she was also considered acerbic, with a sharp tongue, too specialized in her interest in corn and a bit eccentric.
		Barbara McClintock stuck with her corn plants for the study of genetics.
		Barbara McClintock's work helped form the "central dogma" of DNA, but she remained outside the core group during the development of the concepts.
	www.mhhe.com /biosci/cellmicro/nester/graphics/nester3ehp/common/mcclint.html (2184 words)

	The Barbara McClintock Papers: Biographical Information
		Barbara McClintock was born June 16, 1902, in Hartford, Connecticut, one of four children of Thomas Henry McClintock and Sara Handy McClintock.
		McClintock and her colleagues spent two decades assembling data on differences in South American maize, which were finally published in 1981 as The Chromosomal Constitution of Races of Maize.
		McClintock was recognized throughout her career as one of the most distinguished scientists of the 20th century.
	profiles.nlm.nih.gov /LL/Views/Exhibit/narrative/biographical.html (1030 words)

	Barbara McClintock - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		McClintock is best known for discovering transposition in Maize plants in 1940 while studying colouring patterns, for which she awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1983.
		McClintock also contributed to research in cytogenetics, discovering ring chromosomes and telomeres, and discovered many of the molecular details of crossing over with Harriet Creighton.
		McClintock was born in Connecticut, USA, raised in New York and received her Ph.D. from the Department of Botany, Cornell University, NY.
	www.evowiki.org /index.php/Barbara_McClintock (141 words)

	Barbara McClintock Papers, American Philosophical Society
		Barbara McClintock, a maize geneticist, was born in Hartford, Connecticut on 16 June 1902.
		McClintock's findings were ignored, partly because the complex development patterns of maize were not as clear to everyone else (especially non-maize geneticists) as they were to her.
		The McClintock Papers were donated to the APS Library by the estate of Barbara McClintock in 1992.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/m/mcclintock.htm (2582 words)

	(grrl-e-grrl.com) archives: Barbara McClintock
		Barbara claimed that certain genes could move around on the chromosome, even though conventional wisdom said that such movement was impossible.
		Barbara discovered this bizarre “sharing” of genetic traits going on between chromosomes while she was researching the reactions of cells to traumatic genetic damage (you know, shoot a cell full of radiation, get traumatic genetic damage).
		Finally, in 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology/medicine for the research she did in the 1950s.
	www.argn.com /archives/lockjaw/grrl-e-grrl/040102.htm (419 words)

	The My Hero Project - Barbara McClintock
		A Celebration of The Life of Dr. Barbara McClintock This site tells you some people that she knew.
		Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) This site tells you what she did to make a difference.
		Barbara McClintock a distinguished geneticist and Nobel laureate
	myhero.com /hero.asp?hero=b_mcclintock (770 words)

	Barbara Mcclintock Biography / Biography of Barbara Mcclintock Genetics Biography
		Barbara McClintock, having just received the prestigious $15,000 Lasker Award in 1981 for her many contributions to the field of genetics.
		Barbara McClintock was one of the most important geneticists of the twentieth century and among the most controversial women in the history of science.
		She made several fundamental contributions to our understanding of chromosome structure, put forward a bold and incorrect theory of gene regulation, and, late in her career, developed a profound understanding of the interactions among genes, organisms, and environments.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-mcclintock-barbara-gen-03 (154 words)

	Active Skim View of: 7 Barbara McClintock
		Barbara McClintock 145 Barbara McClintock at a press conference when her Nobel Prize was announced an October 1983.
		When Barbara decided that her teacher was "emotionally ugly," her father let his daughter stay home from school.
		Nevertheless, McClintock was happy to use gramts from the National Research Council, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to work at Comell, the Califorrda Institute of Technology, and the University of Missouri.
	www.nap.edu /nap-cgi/skimit.cgi?isbn=0309072700&chap=144-174 (1294 words)

	The Science Show: 16 April 2005 - Barbara McClintock Profile
		Bill Hammack tells the story of Barbara McClintock, who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 and who is now on the first in a series of four stamps commemorating scientists, which will be released this month by the US Postal Service.
		McClintock knew that these patterns reflected the genetic make-up of the corn.
		So, McClintock realized that the rapid change in the corn's appearance meant something revolutionary: No longer were genes the fixed, stable things always though by scientists, instead they could spontaneously change.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/science/ss/stories/s1342807.htm (479 words)

	Profiles in Science: The Barbara McClintock Papers
		Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) was an American geneticist who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of genetic transposition, or the ability of genes to change position on the chromosome.
		The American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia is the repository for the Barbara McClintock Papers, which range from 1927 to 1991.
		Individuals interested in conducting research in the Barbara McClintock Papers are invited to contact the American Philosophical Society.
	profiles.nlm.nih.gov /LL (340 words)

	Barbara McClintock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Dr. McClintock, together with Harriet Creighton, was also one of the first researchers to show visible proof of chromosomal crossing over in corn.
		Dr. McClintock was appointed a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1944.
		Barbara McClintock deserves to be honored as one of the twentieth century's most significant geneticists.
	www.zoo.utoronto.ca /dgwynne/plorch/wis/bm-1.html (110 words)

	Barbara Mcclintock Biography / Biography of Barbara Mcclintock Plant Sciences Biography
		Barbara McClintock, a pioneering botanical geneticist, was awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1983 for her investigations on transposable genetic elements.
		She was born on June 16, 1902, in Hartford, Connecticut, and with her family soon moved to Brooklyn, New York, where she attended public schools.
		After graduating high school at age sixteen, McClintock attended the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell, where she excelled in the field of plant genetics and graduated, in 1923, with a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Agriculture, having concentrated in plant breeding and botany.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-mcclintock-barbara-plsc-03 (161 words)

	Barbara McClintock: Nobel Prize Geneticist
		Even as a child, Barbara McClintock knew she was different from the other girls.
		At last, McClintock took the spotlight as she was honored the first woman ever to win an unshared Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
		For Barbara McClintock: Nobel Prize Geneticist, author Edith Hope Fine interviewed colleagues and friends of McClintock's to paint a fascinating portrait of a woman who harnessed her dreams and her intellect to challenge the world's understanding of heredity.
	www.grammarpatrol.com /edith/mcclintock.html (361 words)

	MBL :: Inside the MBL :: News :: Publications / Databases
		After leaving the University of Missouri in 1941, McClintock joined the group of geneticists at Cold Spring Harbor, where she obtained the continuing financial support of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
		It was at Cold Spring Harbor that she made her discovery of genetic transposition, the moving chromosomal parts being later called "transposons" or "jumping genes." Working with the more complicated maize plant, McClintock had identified these genetic elements twenty years ahead of the molecular biologists who were working with far simpler life forms.
		In the last quarter of her life, McClintock was honored with many awards and honorary degrees acknowledging the great importance of her work.
	www.mbl.edu /inside/what/news/publications/women_mcclintock.html (667 words)

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