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	Barbara Villiers, duchess of Cleveland - LoveToKnow 1911
		BARBARA VILLIERS CLEVELAND, DUCHESS OF (1641-1709), mistress of the English king Charles II., was the daughter of William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison (d.
		In August 1670 she was created countess of Southampton and duchess of Cleveland, with remainder to her first and third sons, Charles and George Palmer, the king at this time not admitting the paternity of her second son Henry; and she also received many valuable gifts from Charles.
		Soon afterwards the duchess of Cleveland went to reside in Paris, where she formed an intrigue with the English ambassador, Ralph Montagu, afterwards duke of Montagu (d.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Barbara_Villiers,_duchess_of_Cleveland (988 words)

	Encyclopedia: British and Irish History: Biographies — FactMonster.com
		Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 8th earl of and 1st marquess of
		Boyle, Roger, Baron Broghill and 1st earl of Orrery
		Dufferin and Ava, Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st marquess of
	www.factmonster.com /encyclopedia/1ukhistbio.html (679 words)

	John George Lambton, 1st earl of Durham - LoveToKnow 1911
		JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON DURHAM, 1ST Earl Of (1792-1840), English statesman, son of William Henry Lambton of Lambton Castle, Durham, was born in London on the 12th of April 1792.
		His mother was Anne Barbara Villiers, daughter of the 4th earl of Jersey.
		He was chairman of the famous committee of four, which met at his house in Cleveland Row and drew up the scheme submitted by the government to parliament.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /John_George_Lambton,_1st_earl_of_Durham (1715 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Duchess
		Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess of CLEVELAND, BARBARA VILLIERS, DUCHESS OF [Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess of], 1641-1709, mistress of King Charles II of England.
		Marlborough, Sarah Churchill, duchess of MARLBOROUGH, SARAH CHURCHILL, DUCHESS OF [Marlborough, Sarah Churchill, duchess of] 1660-1744, confidante of Queen Anne of England.
		Schulenburg, Ehrengard Melusina von der, duchess of Kendal SCHULENBURG, EHRENGARD MELUSINA VON DER, DUCHESS OF KENDAL [Schulenburg, Ehrengard Melusina von der, duchess of Kendal], 1667-1743, German mistress of George I of England.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Duchess (624 words)

	Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland [1] (November 1640–9 October 1709) was a royal courtesan and one of the most notorious of King Charles II's mistresses.
		She was born Barbara Villiers, the only child of William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison (making her a cousin of George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham), and the heiress Mary Bayning.
		Villiers was considered at the time to be one of the most beautiful Royalist women, but her lack of fortune left her with reduced marriage prospects.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Barbara_Palmer,_1st_Duchess_of_Cleveland (747 words)

	file_nav_name Encyclopedia Index
		Barbara Pierce Bush (born June 8, 1925) is the wife of the 41st President of the United States, George H. Bush, and...
		Barbara Marx, born Barbara Joanna Blakeley on October 16, 1927, was the wife of former comedian-turned agent Zeppo Mar...
		Barbara Bermudo (born June 15, 1975 in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico) is a journalist of Cuban descent.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/barbara.html (5099 words)

	Charles II of England - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (previously Baron Ashley and a member of the Cabal, which had fallen apart in 1672) introduced the Exclusion Bill, which sought to exclude the Duke of York from the line of succession.
		He publicly acknowledged fourteen children by seven mistresses; six of those children were borne by a single woman, the notorious Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine, for whom the Dukedom of Cleveland was created.
		Barbara (Benedicta) Fitzroy (1672 - 1737) - She was acknowledged as Charles' daughter, but was probably the child of John Churchill, later Duke of Marlborough
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Charles_II_of_England (4318 words)

	Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Grafton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Henry Fitzroy (1663 - 1690), 1st Duke of Grafton, was the natural son of Charles II by Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine and Duchess of Cleveland.
		In 1672 he was married to the daughter and heiress of Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, and was created Earl of Euston; in 1675 he was created Duke of Grafton.
		In the rebellion of James, Duke of Monmouth he commanded the royal troops in Somerset; but later he acted with John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, and joined William of Orange to overthrow the king in 1688.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/h/he/henry_fitzroy__1st_duke_of_grafton.html (149 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland
		She was born Barbara Villiers, the only child of William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison (making her a cousin of George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham), and the heiress Mary Bayning.
		Villiers was considered at the time to be one of the most beautiful Royalist women, but her lack of fortune left her with reduced marriage prospects.
		Barbara (Benedicta) FitzRoy (1672-1737) - Cleveland claimed that she was Charles' daughter, but was probably the child of her mothers second cousin and lover, John Churchill, later Duke of Marlborough
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Barbara_Palmer,_1st_Duchess_of_Cleveland (788 words)

	John Churchill, 1st Duke Of Marlborough
		John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, KG, PC (26 May 1650 – 16 June 1722) was an English Military officer during the War Of The Spanish Succession.
		At the same time, the Duchess of Marlborough's hold on the Queen was slipping, and the Duke's position at court became tenuous.
		Although the duke and duchess moved into the palace, it was not completed until after the duke's death.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough (3003 words)

	John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough Encyclopedia Article @ Populace.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, KG, PC (26 May 1650 – 16 June 1722) was an English military officer during the War of the Spanish Succession.
		Her youngest child, Barbara, is assumed by most historians to be Churchill's daughter.
		Marlborough's notable descendants include Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, Winston Churchill, Diana, Princess of Wales and her namesake, an 18th century Lady Diana Spencer.
	www.populace.org /encyclopedia/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough (3378 words)

	Duchess of Bedford - Spock Search
		Lady Diana Spencer (aka Diana Russell, Duchess of Bedford) (1710-1735) was a prospective Princess of Wales and, later, Duchess of Bedford.
		Elizabeth, Duchess of Bedford (23 September 1818-22 April 1897) was born Lady Elizabeth Sackville-West, daughter of the 5th Earl De La Warr and the...
		Anna Maria Stanhope, Duchess of Bedford (3 September 1783 - 3 July 1857), was the daughter of Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl of Harrington, and June...
	www.spock.com /q/Duchess-of-Bedford (296 words)

	Luminarium Encyclopedia: King Charles II of England (1630-1685).
		On the 1st of May he signed the first draft of a treaty at Breda with the latter, in which he accepted the Solemn League and Covenant, conceded the control of public and church affairs to the parliament and the kirk, and undertook to establish Presbyterianism in the three kingdoms.
		On the 1st of January 1651 he was crowned at Scone, when he was forced to repeat his oaths to both the covenants.
		I am apt to think his stayed as much as any man's ever did in the lower region." His health was the one subject to which he gave unremitting attention, and his fine constitution and devotion to all kinds of sport and physical exercise kept off the effects of uncontrolled debauchery for thirty years.
	www.luminarium.org /encyclopedia/charles2.htm (3741 words)

	Details of Portrait of Barbara Villiers Duchess of Cleveland by Henri Gascar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Portrait of Barbara Villiers Duchess of Cleveland 1641 - 1709
		Barbara Villiers was a somewhat surprising adidition to this coterie.
		The flowers are only the most conspicuous of a whole array of decorative elements, from the elaborate throne-like chair, to the fringed curtain, rich, marble-topped table with gilt decoration, whose putto heads complement the amorini locked in gossiping conspiracy on the finial of her chair.
	www.historicalportraits.com /Search/ItemDetails.asp?ItemID=246 (353 words)

	DUCHESS OF (1648–1702) - Online Information article about DUCHESS OF (1648–1702)
		The duchess of Cleveland, who was losing her hold on the king's affections, is reported by See also:
		Hamilton to have led the king to Miss Stewart's apartment at midnight when Richmond was closeted with her, and the duke was immediately expelled from court.
		The duchess of Richmond, however, soon returned to court, where she remained for many • years; and.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /DRO_ECG/DUCHESS_OF_16481702_.html (901 words)

	Palmer, Barbara (Pepys' Diary)
		Barbara Palmer, Lady Castlemaine in the Diary, and later the Duchess of Cleveland, as depicted by artist Peter Lely here and here was one of the many mistresses of King Charles II.
		Barbara was a beauty on the outside but underneath a greedy, vulgar, unfaithful, backstabbing, vindictive Libertine whose main purpose in life was to dig her claws into Charles II and bleed him dry for whatever land, titles, money, jewels, and prestige that she could get.
		Villiers, who was considered one of the most beautiful Royalist women of the era, became mistress to Charles in 1660 aged 20 even though she was married, and rose to wield immense power in the royal court.
	www.pepysdiary.com /p/1062.php (3828 words)

	Ancestors of
		Villiers, Barbara Countess of Castlemaine, Duchess of Cleveland-[12259]
		Marriage (5): Villiers, Barbara Countess of Castlemaine, Duchess of Cleveland-[12259]
		The Duke of Buccleuch is descended from the hapless Duke of Monmouth, Charles's son by Lucy Walter; the Duke of Grafton from a son the King fathered with Barbara Villiers; the Duke of Richmond was the son of the French mistress, Louise de Kerouaille; and the Duke of St Albans was Nell Gwynn's son.
	clanmacfarlane.100megsfree5.com /580.htm (2894 words)

	thePeerage.com - Person Page 10503
		She married Francis Boyle, 1st Viscount Shannon, son of Sir Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of the County of Cork and Catherine Fenton, on 24 October 1638 at King's Chapel, Whitehall, London, England.
		Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland was baptised on 17 November 1640 at St.
		She was created 1st Duchess of Cleveland [England] on 3 August 1670, with special remainder to her eldest son, Charles Palmer and then to her 'second' son, George Palmer.
	www.thepeerage.com /p10503.htm (2551 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Villiers
		Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st duke of BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 1ST DUKE OF [Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st duke of], 1592-1628, English courtier and royal favorite.
		Buckingham, George Villiers, 2d duke of BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 2D DUKE OF [Buckingham, George Villiers, 2d duke of] 1628-87, English courtier; son of the 1st duke.
		Cricket: Versatile De Villiers to the manner born; Impact of the fresh face of South Africa is no shock.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Villiers (589 words)

	Villiers information information - Search.com
		Villiers is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:
		Villiers, is also a station of the Paris Métro (lines 2 and 3).
		Villiers is also the name of the 122 cc single-cylinder two-stroke engine that powered the "Minicar Mark A", a car manufactured by Bond Cars Ltd.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Villiers (222 words)

	My wife's family tree
		William Kerr, descendant of Robert III, King of Scotland, and of Henry I. My wife's descents from (a) Elizabeth Montgomery, (b) Barbara Yeats, and (c) Mary Kerr are her three connections to the World family tree.
		4th Earl of Pembroke 11th Baron Abergavenny 1st Earl of Macclesfield descendant of Edward III descendant of Edward III descendant of Edward III
		Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland, mistress of Charles II
	humphrysfamilytree.com /index.mywife.html (924 words)

	thePeerage.com - Person Page 10561
		Jane Boteler is the daughter of Sir John Boteler, 1st Baron Boteler of Brantfield and Elizabeth Villiers.
		She married, firstly, William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison of Limerick, son of Sir Edward Villiers and Barbara St.
		She married, secondly, Charles Villiers, 2nd Earl of Anglesey, son of Christopher Villiers, 1st Earl of Anglesey and Elizabeth Sheldon, on 25 April 1648 at St.
	thepeerage.com /p10561.htm (2015 words)

	Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Grafton@Everything2.com
		Born on the 28th September 1663, Henry is usually claimed to be the natural son of Charles II and his mistress Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland, and so surnamed Fitzroy.
		After Henry's mother was made Duchess of Cleveland in 1670, he was similarly elevated to the highest rank, being created the Duke of Grafton on the 11th September 1675, to which honours were added the Order of the Garter, bestowed upon him in 1680.
		In the army he rose to the rank of Brigadier-General and served as the colonel of the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards (later the Grenadier Guards) between 1681 and 1688 and again from 1688 to 1689, but appears to have been happier fighting at sea, and achieved the rank of vice-admiral in the Royal Navy.
	www.everything2.com /index.pl?node_id=1715052 (842 words)

	National Portrait Gallery \| Press releases \| Painted Ladies
		Special sections of the exhibition will be devoted to Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland, and Louise de Kéroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth, the King's most important and influential mistresses.
		Both were made Duchesses in their own right, installed in lavish apartments in the Royal palaces, and their children were ennobled.
		Barbara Villiers, the mother of 6 of the King's 14 known illegitimate children, set the standard of fashionable beauty and was painted many times by Lely, who is said to have put something of her appearance into all his portraits.
	www.npg.org.uk /live/prelplad.asp (829 words)

	Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles Palmer, later FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland and 1st Duke of Southampton (1662–9 September 1730), styled Lord Limerick before 1670 and Earl of Southampton between 1670 and 1675, was the eldest son of Barbara Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine (née Barbara Villiers, later 1st Duchess of Cleveland) and King Charles II of England and Scotland.
		In 1670, at the age of eight, he was betrothed to Mary Wood, daughter of Sir Henry Wood, Clerk of the Green Cloth, but with the proviso that the marriage be delayed until Mary turned 16.
		Following the death of her father, the Duchess of Cleveland more-or-less abducted Mary, with the intention of bringing her up with her own children.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_Fitzroy,_2nd_Duke_of_Cleveland (264 words)

	Charles II, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Prince of Wales at the time of the English civil war, Charles was sent (1645) to the W of England with his council, which included Edward Hyde (later 1st earl of Clarendon) and Thomas Wriothesley, 4th earl of Southampton.
		However, the affair was made use of by the 1st earl of Shaftesbury, who led a movement to exclude Charles’s brother, the Catholic duke of York (later James II), from succession to the throne, promoting instead the claim of Charles’s illegitimate son the duke of Monmouth.
		He had no legitimate offspring but many children by his various mistresses, who included Lucy Walter, Barbara Villiers (duchess of Cleveland), Louise Kéroualle (duchess of Portsmouth), and Nell Gwyn.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/Charles2Eng.html (986 words)

	CIVIC HERALDRY OF ENGLAND AND WALES-OBSOLETE COUNTIES
		The County of Cleveland was formed in 1974 from the Hartlepool County Borough, the Teesside County Borough, the south-eastern part of the County of Durham and the north-eastern part of the North Riding of Yorkshire.
		Charles II created Barbara Villiers Duchess of Cleveland in 1670 and their illegitimate son became the first Duke upon the death of his mother in 1709.
		On 1st April 1965 the two former Counties of Huntingdon and the Soke of Peterborough were amalgamated to form a larger administrative unit, known as the County of Huntingdon and Peterborough.
	www.civicheraldry.co.uk /obs_county.html (2489 words)

	Lady_Diana
		Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Grafton, son by Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland
		Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond and Lennox, son by Louise de Kérouaille, 1st Duchess of Portsmouth
		James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn, an ancestor of Sarah, Duchess of York and Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester
	en.filepoint.de /info/Lady_Diana (4637 words)

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