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Topic: Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland

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	Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland (November 1640–9 October 1709) was one of the most notorious of King Charles II's mistresses.
		She was born Barbara Villiers, the only child of William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison (making her a cousin of George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham), and the heiress Mary Bayning.
		Villiers was considered one of the most beautiful Royalist women, but her lack of fortune left her with reduced marriage prospects.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Barbara_Villiers,_1st_Duchess_of_Cleveland (669 words)

	AllRefer.com - Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess of (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess of[vil´urz, vil´yurz] Pronunciation Key, 1641–1709, mistress of King Charles II of England.
		As Lady Castlemaine, Barbara Villiers was the archenemy of the earl of Clarendon, the lord chancellor, and her glee at his downfall (1667) is recorded in Pepys' diary.
		She was made duchess in 1670, but by 1671 had been supplanted in Charles's affections by Louise de KEroualle (the future duchess of Portsmouth).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/ClevelanB.html (239 words)

	Barbara Villiers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Barbara Villiers (November 1640 - October 9, 1709), Duchess of Cleveland, was one of the most notorious of Charles II 's mistresses.
		Barbara was the only child of William, second Viscount Grandison (making her a cousin of the Duke of Buckingham) and theheiress Mary Bayning.
		Barbara was considered one of the most beautiful royalist women, but her lack of fortune left her with reduced marriageprospects.
	www.therfcc.org /barbara-villiers-123044.html (573 words)

	Encyclopedia: Charles II of England
		He publicly acknowledged fourteen children by seven mistresses; six of those children were borne by a single woman, the notorious Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine, whom Charles granted the Dukedom of Cleveland.
		Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine Barbara Villiers (November 1640 - October 9, 1709), Duchess of Cleveland, was one of the most notorious of Charles IIs mistresses.
		The Dukedom of Cleveland was a peerage in the Peerage of England, and later in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, named for Cleveland in northern England.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Charles-II-of-England (10370 words)

	Portrait of Barbara Villiers Duchess of Cleveland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Portrait of Barbara Villiers Duchess of Cleveland (1641 - 1709)
		Barbara Villiers was a somewhat surprising adidition to this coterie.
		The flowers are only the most conspicuous of a whole array of decorative elements, from the elaborate throne-like chair, to the fringed curtain, rich, marble-topped table with gilt decoration, whose putto heads complement the amorini locked in gossiping conspiracy on the finial of her chair.
	historicalportraits.com /p_view.asp?ID=18786uAfOaOYDTlt9BGeD2X2DauWEXHK (340 words)

	Barbara Villiers, duchess of Cleveland -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, Duchess of, Countess of Southampton, Baroness Nonsuch...
		Southampton, Charles Fitzroy, lst Duke of, Duke Of Cleveland, Earl Of Southampton, Earl Of Chichester, Baron Nonsuch Of Nonsuch Park, Baron Newbury
		When his mother became Duchess of Cleveland and Countess of Southampton in 1670, he was allowed to assume the name of Fitzroy and the courtesy title of Earl of Southampton.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9024359?hook=69473 (913 words)

	Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In autumn 1643 Lord Grandison died from a wound sustained in battle, leaving his widow and daughter in straightened circumstances.
		Lady Anne Palmer, later FitzRoy (1661-1722), most probably daughter of Charles II, although some people believed she bore a resemblance to the Earl of Chesterfield.
		Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, Bibliography and External links.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Barbara_Villiers (670 words)

	Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles Palmer, later FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland and 1st Duke of Southampton (1662–9 September 1730), styled Lord Limerick before 1670 and Earl of Southampton between 1670 and 1675, was the eldest son of Barbara Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine (née Barbara Villiers, later 1st Duchess of Cleveland) and King Charles II of England and Scotland.
		Following the death of her father, the Duchess of Cleveland more-or-less abducted Mary, with the intention of bringing her up with her own children.
		In 1670 he was created Duke of Southampton and upon the death of his mother in 1709 he became 2nd Duke of Cleveland, by a special remainder in the Dukedom which allowed it to pass to him, even though he was illegitimate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_Fitzroy,_2nd_Duke_of_Cleveland (258 words)

	Barbara Villiers
		Grandison, William Villiers (abt1630-1643, slain at siege of Bristol) and Hon.
		Barbara met King Charles II at the Hague in 1659, and accompanied him to England the next year - the King spent the first night of his return to the country in her company.
		His marriage to Barbara Villiers was annulled and he returned to Scotland with the said Mary, and remained there until his death in 1712.
	techno.demon.co.uk /Fitzroy-Vane-Pulteney/ind00002.htm (416 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess of Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess ofvĬl´erz, vĬl´yerz, 1641-1709, mistress of King Charles II of England.
		She became Charles's mistress at Breda in 1660 and returned with him to England at the Restoration.
		Look up Cleveland Barbara Villiers duchess of on HighBeam™ Research.
	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=@DOCTITLE%20Cleveland%20%20Barbara%20Villiers%20%20duchess%20of (90 words)

	Yale Bulletin and Calendar
		Villiers, the Duchess of Cleveland, was the mother of six of the kingÕs illegitimate children.
		Both were made duchesses in their right, were installed in lavish apartments in the royal palaces, and had their children ennobled.
		Villiers, the mother of six of the king's numerous illegitimate children, set the standard of fashionable beauty and was painted many times by Sir Peter Lely (1618-1680), who is said to have put something of her appearance into all his portraits.
	www.yale.edu /opa/v30.n15/story5.html (1007 words)

	NPG Barbara Villiers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The National Portrait Gallery has the opportunity to purchase an oustanding portrait of the Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland, one of the most significant figures at the court of King Charles II.
		The painting was one of the great discoveries in the Gallery's Painted Ladies: Women at the Court of Charles II exhibition in 2001, having been lost for almost a century.
		Barbara Villiers (1640-1709) was Charles II's leading mistress during the first decade of his reign, and the mother of five of his children.
	www.chiswickw4.com /info/connpgbid.htm (207 words)

	Britannia
		Frances Teresa Stewart, who became Duchess of Richmond, may have been the model for this figure.
		It was first struck on British coins in Roman times, and in 1667 Charles II revived the device, the model chosen being a lady friend of his (a maid of honour to Queen Catherine his wife), Frances Stuart, Duchess of Richmond, concerning whose character the less said the better.
		Other writers have it that the model was Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland, another of King Charles the Second's lady associates.
	www.sterlingtimes.org /memorable_images13.htm (226 words)

	Worldroots.com
		On the Infanta's arrival in England, Barbara was listed as one of the Ladies of the Bedchamber; but Catherine removed her name, causing a political furore.
		The Earl of Clarendon kept Barbara in check as long as he could, but seven years after the Restoration he was removed from power.
		Barbara's tantrums became more unbearable and, to pension her off, she was made Duchess of Cleveland and her pension increased.
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/bio/barbaravilliersbio.html (576 words)

	villstu.htm
		Villiers was educated at Eton, 1762-1766, on leaving which he had himself painted pretentiously in Van Dyck costume by Sir Joshua Reynolds no less.
		Thomas Keightley, of pre-1699, complains of the ill-treatment she has received from Lord Grandison and the Villiers family, and discusses the need to get a private act of parliament passed establishing her rights, providing portions for the younger children of her marriage, and regulating the descent of the family estates.
		The late 17th century leases are from Edward Fitzgerald Villiers and Katherine, his wife, 1680, 1683, 1685, N.D. and 1694, and are of houses and gardens in Youghal, Co. Cork, and the lands of Caherneleagy, Ballyeolane, Ballylean, Ballyshonkine, Adergowall, Ballyhanemore, Scartnedriny, Ballycurranes, etc, Co. Waterford.
	www.proni.gov.uk /records/private/villstu.htm (9012 words)

	thePeerage.com - Person Page 10504
		She was the daughter of Charles II Stuart, King of Great Britain and Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland.
		He was the son of Charles II Stuart, King of Great Britain and Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland.
		She was the daughter of Sir John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland.
	www.thepeerage.com /p10504.htm (1214 words)

	Louise-Renee de Keroualle, duchess of Portsmouth -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Portsmouth, Louise-Renée de Kéroualle, Duchess of, Countess Of Fareham, Baroness Petersfield, Duchess (duchesse) D'aubigny
		Portsmouth, Louise-Renée de Kéroualle, Duchess of, Countess Of Fareham, Baroness Petersfield, Duchess D'aubigny...
		duchess of Ferrara (from 1534), an important figure in the history of the Protestant Reformation both in Italy and in France.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9061006 (750 words)

	Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess of
		Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess of, 1641–1709, mistress of King Charles II of England.
		As Lady Castlemaine, Barbara Villiers was the archenemy of the earl of Clarendon, the lord chancellor, and her glee at his downfall (1667) is recorded in
		Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess of (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0812547.html (238 words)

	CIVIC HERALDRY OF ENGLAND AND WALES-OBSOLETE COUNTIES
		The County of Cleveland was formed in 1974 from the Hartlepool County Borough, the Teesside County Borough, the south-eastern part of the County of Durham and the north-eastern part of the North Riding of Yorkshire.
		Charles II created Barbara Villiers Duchess of Cleveland in 1670 and their illegitimate son became the first Duke upon the death of his mother in 1709.
		The anchor resting on the grassy mount represents the sea and the golden 'estoiles' are identical to the polar stars in the arms of Captain Cook, but are blazoned as estoiles as they are not in a North-South position.
	www.civicheraldry.co.uk /obs_county.html (1898 words)

	Worldroots.com
		While in Paris he had an affaire with Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland, an ex-mistress of King Charles II.
		In England the Earl of Sussex, who was married to a daughter of the king by Barbara Villiers, disapproved of his wife's friendship with Hortense Mancini and made her leave court to live at their country estate at Hurtsmonceaux.
		To spite Montagu, Barbara Villiers returned to England and revealed to Charles II Montagu's double-dealing with the French.
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/bio/ralphmontagubio.html (949 words)

	Charles II (1630-1685) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Through his sister Henrietta Anne, Duchess of Orléans, he had direct contact with the French court, and it was through her that he negotiated the startling reversal of the Protestant Triple Alliance (England, the Dutch United Provinces, Sweden) of 1668.
		Mistresses like Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland, and Louise de Kéroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth, were always costly and often troublesome, but Charles probably paid a smaller price for his amours than for his laziness.
		He was tall and active and loved riding and sailing but, although robust enough to outsit his advisers at the Council board, he hated routine and prolonged application.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/KingCharles-II/KingCharles-II.html (1958 words)

	King of England, Scotland, Ireland Charles II of England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Clarendon was replaced by a quintet of advisors: Clifford, Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, Ashley and Lauderdale, whose initials are believed by some to be the origin of the term cabal.
		Others included Louise de Keroualle (Duchess of Portsmouth), and Barbara Villiers (Duchess of Cleveland and Countess of Castlemaine).
		Barbara (Benedicta) Fitzroy (1672 - 1737) - She was acknowledged as Charles' daughter, but was probably the child of John Churchill, later Duke of Marlborough
	www.plantagenetorganization.com /plant/PS51_182.HTML (1521 words)

	Family
		to the Duke of Cleveland, the son of Charles II by Barbara Villiers,
		Patrons were the Duke of Northumberland, the Duke of Cleveland and Lord Ravensworth.
		the Duke and Duchess by the architect Henry Clutton.
	techno.demon.co.uk /Fitzroy-Vane-Pulteney/fam00016.htm (2737 words)

	Horace William Shaler Cleveland ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Only visitors to the Cleveland showing of Picasso: The Artists Studio will have the opportunity to experience a gallery exploring how Picassos working methods are revealed through x-radiography, infrared reflectography, and other forms of scientif...
		The show was beautifully selected by former Cleveland museum director Evan H. Turner, who also wrote for the accompanying catalogue an essay and chronology that investigates the evolution of Metzker’s photography and the influence of historical la...
		H.W.S. Cleveland Team member names As a youth in Lancaster, Massachusetts, H.W.S. Cleveland (1814-1900) attended an...
	wwar.com /masters/c/cleveland-horace_william_shaler.html (1226 words)

	Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess of on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		As Lady Castlemaine, Barbara Villiers was the archenemy of the earl of Clarendon, the lord chancellor, and her glee at his downfall (1667) is recorded in Pepys ' diary.
		She was made duchess in 1670, but by 1671 had been supplanted in Charles's affections by Louise de Kéroualle (the future duchess of Portsmouth).
		Pictures and Maps for: Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess of
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c/clevelanb1.asp (387 words)

	Tudor Descendants, page 2
		Charles Gray (circa 1642-1733.07.03) contract 1683.10.18 with Barbara Douglas (circa 1646-1733.07.03) 10.
		Catherine Fitzcharles (circa 1659-1759) children with Barbara Villiers: 10.
		Barbara Fitzroy (1672.07.16-1737.05.06) children with Eleanor (Nell) Gwyn: 10.
	members.tripod.com /~toncxjo/tudor02.html (2891 words)

	Leisure Opportunities - Daily jobs, news,training and property. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The portrait, by court artist Sir Peter Lely, is of King Charles II’s leading mistress — Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland — with his son and was painted circa 1664.
		It was bought for £147,000 with the proceeds of a public appeal and additional financial support from the National Heritage Memorial Fund, the National Art Collections Fund, the Camelot group, members of the Chelsea Arts Club and a selection of individual donors.
		The painting challenged portrait conventions of the time and depicts the King’s mistress and son as figures of religious veneration — Villiers was a household name in her day.
	www.leisureopportunities.co.uk /newsdetail.cfm?codeID=11335 (331 words)

	- SHOP.COM
		Sir Lely Posters Prints - Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland as St. Catherine of Alexandria, c.1665-70 Art Giclee Print - Artist: Sir Lely - Poster Size: 18x24
		Title: Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland as St. Catherine of Alexandria, c.1665-70
		All other designated trademarks, copyrights and brands are the property of their respective owners.
	www.shop.com /op/aprod-p29784353 (246 words)

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