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Topic: Barbarous radiates

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	* Barbarous - (Numismatic): Definition
		Barbarous radiates are imitations of the antoninianus The antoninianus was a coin used during the Roman Empire that was valued at 2 denarii.
		ENGLAND - Initially barbarous radiates were struck followed by the AE sceat (Northumbria and York), then AR pennies of the Heptarchy, the commonest being of Mercia and Wessex.
		Tetricus I 273 - 274 CE Barbarous imitation of Æ Antoninianus
	en.mimi.hu /numismatic/barbarous.html (312 words)

	RCC/Barbarous Radiates
		The name "Barbarous Radiates" came about because in the 3rd and 4th centuries the Roman Empire's basic unit (and perhaps most prolific unit) of currency was the Antoninianus or double denarius.
		Barbarous radiates circulated for an extended period of time, often for hundreds of years and the tribes developed fairly distinctive styles over the years.
		Barbarous radiates are relatively inexpensive and price is almost entirely dependent upon condition...a decent specimen can be found for less than $20 and a crude example for as lit-tle as $1.
	www.raleighcoinclub.org /articles/1999/barbarous.html (1160 words)

	Antoninianus Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The coin was introduced by Caracalla in early 215 AD and was a full silver coin similar to the denarius except that it was slightly larger and featured the emperor wearing a radiate crown, indicating that it was valued twice as much.
		The most frequently imitated coins are those of the Gallic emperor Tetricus I. The word antoninianus is a modern term based on the name of Caracalla (Marcus Aurelius Antoninianus), who was the first to issue such a coin; the ancient name of the coin is not known.
		The coin is also referred to as a radiate, from the radiate crown worn by the emperor.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/a/an/antoninianus.html (446 words)

	Barbarous radiate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Barbarous radiates were issued privately primarily during the Crisis of the Third Century in the western provinces.
		The result is a generic reverse personification or deity.
		Smaller pieces known as minims, which are less than 10 mm in diameter, are often anepigraphic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Barbarous_radiate (445 words)

	Ancient Barbaric and Gallo-Roman Coins
		These are divided into two major groups - "barbarous radiates" (barbaric imitations of antoniniani) and "late barbarics" (mostly barbaric Constantine's family).
		We deal a lot with barbaric coins, and have a large stock of them, and are able to offer a lot of types (including some nice rarities) and varieties.
		Note: This is a barbaric sestertius - these circulated in the eastern regions of the empire during the reign of Claudius.
	www.ancientcoins.ca /barbeurope.html (1284 words)

	Greek & Roman Antiquities - Articles - Ancient Coins - Antoninianus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		These are usually referred to as barbarous radiates, although most were probably produced within the empire and probably filled the need for small change.
		The coin is also referred to as a radiate, from the radiate crown worn by the emperor, although this is less precise.
		Several non-antoninianii denominations were also produced that featured radiate bust, such as a coin produced following the Diocletians reform usually known as a post-reform radiate.
	www.greekandromancoins.com /antoninianus-a-18.html (561 words)

	Ancient British Barbaric Coins
		British barbarics are commonly divided into two large groups - "barbarous radiates" - imitating of 3rd century antoniniani (most commonly of Tetricii and of Claudius II, and more rarely of Valerian, Gallienus and Aurelian), and "Constantinian barbarics" - imitations of Constantinian bronzes, most often of Constantius II "spearing horseman" AE3.
		Radiate bust facing right, very crude inscriptions / Uncertain deity advancing right, carrying shield (I think it is a shield) and a spear, a few degraded letters.
		Radiate bust facing right, very crude inscriptions / Spes standing, holding lotus flower (very rare representation of a standing Spes - she is usually depicted walking and raising her skirt), very crude inscriptions.
	www.ancientcoins.ca /barbbritish.htm (2783 words)

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	dafp.info /i-believe-that-if-this-barbarous-nation.htm (501 words)

	Roman Coin Illustrations.
		he most common coin produced during the third century AD was the radiate, so-called because of the crown of rays that the emperor is shown wearing.
		This was partly because after Aurelius reformed the coinage in 274 the inhabitants of many parts of the empire, especially Britain and France, seem to have preferred to continue using the old coins.
		Illustrated are: a radiate of Tetricus I (fig.
	c.cater.users.btopenworld.com /HTMLFiles/roman_coin_illustrations.html (487 words)

	THIRD CENTURY IMMITATIONS
		These copies were based on the prevalent coin of the time the radiate base silver denomination known today as the antoninianus.
		The copies vary hugely in both quality of execution, some being so good that they can almost be mistaken for the prototypes while others one can only guess at the prototype, and also in module, again some being larger and heavier than the prototype others being only a fraction of the size/weight.
		These coins are most popularly known as "barbarous radiates", and that is a name I don't like.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /lateromancoinage/immitations.html (608 words)

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	ddhg.info /the-barbarous-coast-summary.htm (429 words)

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	dafp.info /leonis-barbarous.htm (332 words)

	PCA - News - Highlights - Shippams Factory and Shippams Sports & Social Club Coin Hoard
		One aspect of barbarous radiates that can be startling to modern eyes is their small size.
		Barbarous radiates were very low-value coins, and were unofficial local coins too.
		When the currency system was stabilised at the end of the third century and the central mints began to supply Britain with good quality coin again these barbarous radiates probably became valueless, not worth their monetary value any more and not worth the scrap value of the metal.
	www.pre-construct.com /Sites/Highlights/Shippamscoin.htm (551 words)

	Technology Without Morality Is Barbarous \| Barbarous Relic Auaposs History As A Currency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
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	ddhg.info /technology-without-morality-is-barbarous.htm (375 words)

	AURELIAN
		A complication of the times is the large numbers of local radiates, previously called "barbarous radiates" that were also being produced.
		The local radiates are perhaps the ones that are easiest to identify, at least for the most part.
		The design utilised on many eastern radiates from the reign of Aurelian onwards is two standing figures, one usually the emperor, the other a deity, facing each other exchanging items of regalia.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /lateromancoinage/aurelian.html (2693 words)

	Roman coins - Barbarous radiates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Imitations of 3rd century AD radiates – known as barbarous radiates – are very common in the UK.
		Some may have been struck in a similar manner to genuine coins, while others were cast in moulds.
		Barbarous radiates are often distinguished by their smaller size, lighter weight and sometimes by evidence of the casting process.
	www.finds.org.uk /romancoins/copies/barb_radiate.php (192 words)

	Ancient Imitations of Roman Coins -- References
		For "barbarous radiates" there are very many publications.
		Davies, "Barbarous radiate hoards: The interpretation of coin deposits in the late third century Roman Britain," in the Oxford Journal of Archaeology 11(2) 1992, 211-224.
		His ANS monograph number 112, Barbarous Radiates - Imitations of Third-Century Roman Coins from 1949, has some good plates and a long summary list of British hoards with their composition and references, and their locations plotted on a map.
	esty.ancients.info /imit/imitationrefs.html (1691 words)

	[No title]
		The portrait is the same portrait as those coins assigned to Bonosus by RIC (plate 20, 15-16) The reverse is unpublished, but a similar coin with this reverse, and called "unikum" sold in Hess/Leu 41 (1969) for 8,500 S Fr.
		These closely resemble the "barbarous radiates" of the period of the Gallic empire, though a little thicker and heavier than most of these issues.
		He writes that they are actually barbarous radiates or altered from coins of other rulers.
	www.wildwinds.com /coins/ric/bonosus/RIC_p592.txt (958 words)

	Elibron.com numismatic titles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Hill, Philip V. Barbarous radiates; imitations of third-century Roman coins.
		Mattingly, Harold The Richborough hoard of 'radiates', 1931.
		The barbaric tremissis in Spain and Southern France: Anastasius to Leovigild.
	www.snible.org /coins/umi_bod.html (1046 words)

	radiates - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 5 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word radiates:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "radiates" is defined.
		Example: "Spokes radiate from the hub of the wheel"
	www.onelook.com /?w=radiates (182 words)

	Carausius
		This guaranteed that his image and name was circulated widely and fast, though these issues lacked the five percent silver of Aurelian's reformed radiates.
		Instead, his mint-workers used coinage then in circulation, including radiates of Gallienus and barbarous radiates of the Gallic Empire.
		This is where normally an abbreviated form of the mint city was located, for example ML for Moneta Londinii (a mint founded by Carausius), or one of the Aurelianic statements of value.
	www.romanbritain.freeserve.co.uk /CARAUSIUS.HTM (4430 words)

	NC Roman Index
		Davies, J.A. 'Two groups of barbarous radiates from the vicinity of Meare, Somerset', vol.
		'The Meare Heath, Somerset, Hoard and the coiange of the barbarous radiates', vol.
		and M.J. Dolby, 'A hoard of barbarous radiates and associated material from Sprotborough, South Yorkshire', vol.
	www.rns.dircon.co.uk /NC.roman.htm (2201 words)

	Coin Collecting
		New coin types appeared some partly inscribed, by the Regni, Atrebates, Catuvellauni and Cantii and many of these types are again barbarous copies of the Philip stater.
		It is interesting to note that there are inscribed staters struck by Cunobolin, king of the Catuvellauni, who is the Cymbeline of Shakespeare's play.
		The coinage of Britain from this period consists entirely of `barbarous radiates' so called because of their being crude copies of the antoninianus on which the emperor wears a radiate crown.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles02/article1082.shtml (2612 words)

	Hoards
		However, the Rogiet hoard (Table 2, C306) and the Langtoft 'A' hoard (Table 2, C255), are fairly atypical, in that they contain not only 'reformed' coins of the Aurelianic and Diocletianic period, but also de-based radiates of the Gallic emperors and the British usurpers, Carausius and Allectus.
		As a result of these finds, opinion is shifting to the view that, rather than being de-monetised or simply dumped, the old radiates circulated alongside the legitimate coinage, perhaps as a different denomination.
		The situation is further confused by the appearance of 'Barbarous Radiates', which start around the time of the Gallic Emperors.
	www.aoti76.dsl.pipex.com /hoards/coin_hoards.htm (5101 words)

	bidorbuy - bidorbuy Auction 1827656 - TWO-THOUSAND-year old Barbarous Radiate - Cape Town - South Africa
		Barbarous Radiates were coins made by the so-called Barbarians (the word beard is derived from the word barbarian because these people did not shave!) during the Roman occupation period of Europe 2000 years ago.
		The best clues to identifying these coins and differentiate them from normal Roman coins, are an off-center strike (although some radiates are excellent quality), and nonsensical lettering.
		And then there were Romano-British Radiates made by the abandoned people after the Roman soldiers withdrew from Britain, when there was no official coinage anymore but they copied what they best remembered -- King Arthur era!!
	www.bidorbuy.co.za /jsp/item/Item.jsp?Trade_TradeId=1827656 (224 words)

	barbarous - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "barbarous" is defined.
		Barbarous : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Words similar to barbarous: barbarously, barbarousness, brutal, cruel, fell, roughshod, savage, vicious, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=barbarous (188 words)

	Ancient Imports - Celtic Imitation and Barbarous Coins
		#9810 Barbarous Imitation of an Imperial Roman Bronze
		#15107 Barbarous Imitation of an Imperial Roman Bronze
		#9812 Barbarous Imitation of an Imperial Roman Bronze
	www.ancientimports.com /cgi-bin/category.pl?id=34 (767 words)

	Numismatic Notes and Monographs
		Mattingly, Harold and Stebbing, W. The Richborough hoard of 'radiates' 1931.
		Miles, George C. Early Arabic glass weights and stamps: With a study of the manufacture of eighth-century Egyptian glass weights and stamps, by Frederick R. Matson.
		The barbaric tremissis in Spain and Southern France: Anastsius to Leovigild.
	www.numismatics.org /archives/nnmhistory.htm (1075 words)

	Amazon.com: Barbarous radiates (Numismatic notes and monographs): Books: Philip V Hill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Amazon.com: Barbarous radiates (Numismatic notes and monographs): Books: Philip V Hill
		This item is not eligible for Amazon Prime, but over a million other items are.
		Barbarous radiates (Numismatic notes and monographs) (Unknown Binding)
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/ASIN/B0007DM3UA (553 words)

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