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Topic: Bargaining power

	Bargaining Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Some critics stress the importance of bargaining power in influencing wages and employment, shifting them away from the supply-and-demand equilibrium or replacing supply and demand completely as the determinant of wages.
		Bargaining power may be exercised by employers or employees or both:
		However, the average bargaining power of the individual worker may be increased or decreased by general conditions in society, such as the distribution of political power and -- of course!
	william-king.www.drexel.edu /top/prin/txt/factors/crits2.html (590 words)

	Yale Law Journal \| G. Subramanian, Bargaining in the Shadow of Takeover Defenses
		I demonstrate that the bargaining power hypothesis only applies unambiguously to negotiations in which there is a bilateral monopoly between buyer and seller, no incremental costs to making a hostile bid, symmetric information, and loyal sell-side agents.
		These conditions suggest that the bargaining power hypothesis is only true in a subset of all deals, contrary to the claim of some defense proponents that the hypothesis applies to all negotiated acquisitions.
		It is interesting to note that while the bargaining power hypothesis lies squarely at the intersection of law and business—namely, legal rules on takeover defenses influencing the business issue of price—to my knowledge the businesspeople who actually negotiate price have been silent on this question.
	www.yalelawjournal.org /archive_abstract.asp?id=172 (746 words)

	[No title]
		Strike leverage and bargaining power are, therefore, often viewed as a consequence solely of economic circumstances (Katz and Kochan, 1992).
		That shadow effect is based on the parties’ actual or perceived relative bargaining power; and their bargaining power is generated in part by the rules of the applicable law, how parties have adjusted their behavior in response to that law, and how experienced bargainers shape their conduct based on that anticipated response.
		Proposition 1: Under Regime A, the bargaining position of the employer is strengthened and that of the union is weakened.
	www.lir.msu.edu /event/worker-rights/Dannin-Singh-paper.doc (5295 words)

	Power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In optics, the optical power of a lens is the inverse of its focal length.
		Reserve power, a power that may be exercised by the head of state of a country in certain exceptional circumstances.
		Bargaining power or market power or monopoly power, the ability to influence the setting of prices or wages, or to restrict the amount of production, sales, or employment, or the quality of a good or a service; and, in the case of monopoly, the ability to exclude competitors from the market.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Power (527 words)

	SOCIAL POWER: COERCION, AUTHORITATIVE, BARGAINING, INTELLECTUAL, ALTRUISTIC, AND MANIPULATIVE
		Power is physical and not social when purposely employed to affect another bodily without going through the other self; physical power applied in opposition to another's will is force, or what has been called "naked power." Getting a person to willfully give you something is using social power.
		Bargaining power is characterized by two positive interests connected by a promise.
		Indeed, this power is developed to a high degree in the fine arts and theater, where the goal is to create a specific situation influencing the perception, interests, and emotions of viewers in a particular way.
	www.hawaii.edu /powerkills/TCH.CHAP20.HTM (6288 words)

	SSRN-Bargaining Power in Contract Theory by Daniel Barnhizer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Unchecked power imbalances in the bargaining context soon become indistinguishable from naked coercion, and at some level the imbalance undermines both the consent of the weaker party and the legitimacy of the resulting bargain.
		While bargaining power disparities may be difficult to analyze in these individual cases, legal conceptions of bargaining power may also be useful in defining the boundaries of contract law.
		At this macro level, bargaining power provides both a positive and normative explanation for why some promises are enforceable in contract and others are regulated under relatively more intrusive public orderings.
	papers.ssrn.com /paper.taf?abstract_id=578578 (371 words)

	TimsLaw.com » Bargaining Power - Tim's Missouri Employment Law Info Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Bargaining power during employment can arise from the potential legal threat you pose to the company (which is a very complicated determination involving many many factors).
		Bargaining power will ebb and flow during a case based on the things that occur during the case, and for many other reasons.
		Bargaining Power in employment law and litigation is a case-by-case determination involving a large number of factors, including highly technical legal doctrines of many types that the lay public cannot be expected to know.
	www.timslaw.com /bargaining-power.htm (1171 words)

	The Core Concerns of Plea Bargaining Critics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The first part of the definition suggests that plea bargains are “mutually satisfactory dispositions.” While it is true that the bargain struck must be agreed upon by both sides and the guilty plea must be made intelligently and voluntarily,[11] this does not guarantee a mutually satisfactory result.
		Finally, the suggestion that plea bargaining “usually involves the defendant’s pleading guilty to a lesser offense in return for a lighter sentence” also distorts the reality of plea bargaining by ignoring the vast array of concessions that may be offered to a defendant in exchange for his guilty plea.
		These justifications include the benefits provided by plea bargaining to both the state and the defendant,[53] its potential for encouraging rehabilitation,[54] its efficiency,[55] a presumption of equal bargaining power between parties[56] and the characterization of the process as merely a choice between unpleasant alternatives that does not drive defendants to false self-condemnation.
	www.law.emory.edu /ELJ/volumes/spg98/guido.html (7832 words)

	Bacharach and Lawler's Theory of Bargaining Power
		Power, according to Samuel Bacharach and Edward Lawler in Bargaining: Power, Tactics, and Outcomes (1981), is a central feature of bargaining and negotiation.
		Power in negotiation does not exist apart from bargainers'perceptions of it (within the bargaining situation and relationship).
		The less A's commitment to outcomes B controls, the less B's power over A. Power is influenced by manipulating perceptions of alternatives and commitment.
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/comm440-540/BachLawPower.htm (388 words)

	Bargaining Power of Suppliers
		Bargaining power is the ability to influence the setting of prices.
		Microsoft has abused its power a number of times and had to be reined in by competition watchdogs all over the world.
		Although they are both big and powerful, the threat of substitution is enough to keep their power at bay.
	www.photopla.net /wwp0503/supplier.php (286 words)

	Indeterminate Bargaining
		This essay is an examination of the issues at stake in bargaining and of the contribution by modern literature to the solution of the indeterminacy.
		The desire was not to formulate the bargaining procedure but to identify common characteristics in bargaining and in its solutions.
		It is possible to analyse changes in bargaining power in the Nash context by introducing a mathematical and diagrammatic approach that uses marginal utility reinterpreted as an interest in the good at the margin.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /local/JUNK/econrev/ser/html/indeterminate.html (2004 words)

	Power of Mediator; Bibliography: by Jack Friess
		Kaplan, A. "Power in Perspective." in Power and Conflict in Organiza- tions, Kahn & Boulding (eds.).
		Raven, Bertram H. "The Comparative Analysis of Power and Power Prefer- ence." in Perspectives on Social Power, J. Tedeschi (ed.).
		Raven, Bertram H. and Kruglauski, Arie W. "Conflict and Power." in The Structure of Conflict, Paul A. Swingle (ed.).
	www2.powercom.net /~jfriess/Portfolio/Manuscripts/Thesis/BIBLIOGRAPHY.html (4838 words)

	Power, Inequality and the Bargain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Power, Inequality and the Bargain: The Role of Bargaining Power in the Law of Contract
		How bargaining power doctrines in contract law should incorporate and reflect the technological, economic and social developments of the last decade.
		Whether the information era altered traditional power dynamics in the bargaining process, and what these changes mean for individual autonomy and state regulation of market transactions.
	www.law.msu.edu /bargaining (305 words)

	Bargaining Power of Suppliers
		The overall impact from buyer’s bargaining power to profit potential is moderate.
		Therefore, the relative power of other stakeholders ability to impact profit potential is moderate to low.
		The relative power of other stakeholders ability to impact profit potential is moderate to low.
	www.primesmoked.com /tim/writing/reebok.html (1223 words)

	SSRN-Bargaining Power and Equilibrium Consumption by Hans Gersbach, Hans Haller
		We examine how a shift of bargaining power within households operating in a competitive market environment affects equilibrium allocation and welfare.
		If price effects are drastic the welfare of all household members moves in the same direction when bargaining power shifts, at the expense (or for the benefit) of outside consumers.
		Typically a shift of bargaining power within a set of households also impacts upon other households.
	papers.ssrn.com /abstract=708982 (341 words)

	Bargaining power - PC Magazine
		A proposal to introduce ‘plea bargaining’ is recommended and this is made on the basis that current fraud investigations and trials are extremely time-consuming.
		While there are obvious advantages to plea bargaining (justice is served quickly and victims can be compensated), it seems somewhat contradictory to propose stiffer sentences but then introduce a mechanism which allows defendants to enter a guilty plea and then bargain on the sentence they receive.
		A fraudster may seek to enter a plea bargain with a view to retaining some of their ill-gotten gains for use at a later time.
	www.pcmag.co.uk /accountancyage/comment/2161657/bargaining-power (720 words)

	Restoring Our Collective Bargaining Power
		Collective bargaining is one of the most important economic mechanisms for sharing prosperity in our economy.
		The key to making our collective bargaining power stronger is to ensure that all affiliates understand that collective bargaining success depends primarily on a well-planned, well-executed comprehensive contract campaign that capitalizes on all possible sources of leverage.
		But we are also prepared to fight for our rights so that all working families have the opportunity to improve their lives through collective bargaining power.
	cf.alpa.org /internet/alp/2000/maycomment.htm (885 words)

	Bargaining Power in Marriage: Earnings, Wage Rates and Household Production (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Observed earnings at the bargaining equilibrium may differ from earnings at the threat point because hours allocated to market work at the bargaining solution may differ from hours allocated to market work at the threat point.
		In the divorce threat model, for example, a wife who does not work for pay while married might do so following a divorce; hence, her bargaining power would be related to her wage rate, not to her earnings while married.
		Thus, in a bargaining model with household production, a spouse's productivity in home production is a source of bargaining power.
	ideas.repec.org /p/nbr/nberwo/11239.html (902 words)

	TimsLaw.com » Contracts for Gurus with Bargaining Power - Tim's Missouri Employment Law Info Site
		This tip comes to you courtesy of a whole bunch of Gurus who trusted the sincerity of their new employers, uprooted their families, came to St. Louis, put the new company into a line of business or saved someone’s butt, and were fired without good cause pretty soon thereafter.
		It all depends on the Guru’s bargaining power and willingness to take a risk by driving a harder bargain.
		But lawyers can help you capitalize on the bargaining power you have, by helping you obtain a deal that accounts for the high likelihood that at some point your relationship with the other party will end.
	www.timslaw.com /contracts-for-gurus.htm (867 words)

	SSRN-Voice and Bargaining Power by Hans Gersbach, Hans Haller
		SSRN-Voice and Bargaining Power by Hans Gersbach, Hans Haller
		We propose a formal concept of the power of voice in the context of a simple model where individuals form groups and trade in competitive markets.
		Articulation of hypothetical outside options in the bargaining process determines the relative bargaining power of the members of a group, which constitutes an instance of the power of voice.
	papers.ssrn.com /Sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=892728 (354 words)

	The Planet - Spring 2003 - Bargaining Power
		Even though some union members work hard at their jobs, they gain certain rights because of the collective bargaining by the union on their behalf.
		In Bellingham and Whatcom County, the Central Labor Union is collectively bargaining with a broad range of employers to help union members frustrated with the increasing amount of work, Warren said.
		“We would like to believe that through a strong collective bargaining agreement with unions in different areas of the community it will also help those that are non-union members of the community by helping the employers see what an average wage in the community looks like and see what they pay,” Warren said.
	planet.wwu.edu /spring03/bargainingpowerprint.htm (1124 words)

	Will workers have Moore's or less bargaining power? - On Line Opinion - 30/6/2005
		Des Moore says, “It is surely clear that there is nowadays no serious inequality of bargaining power in favour of employers and no prospect of that developing”.
		Furthermore he argues employers own bargaining position is limited because of their vulnerability to “workplace disruption or underperformance”.
		His supposition that the bargaining power of employees and employers is equal is naive.
	www.onlineopinion.com.au /view.asp?article=3614 (1345 words)

	Endogenous Bargaining Power
		We present a novel approach to N-person bargaining, based on the idea that the agreement reached in a negotiation is determined by how the direct conflict resulting from disagreement would be resolved.
		This agreement may be construed as the limit of a sequence of partial agreements, each of which is reached as a function of the parties’ relative power.
		We show the connection between the power of the parties embodied in the ASC solution and the bias in the SWF that would select ASC as an asymmetric Nash solution.
	ideas.repec.org /p/upf/upfgen/644.html (545 words)

	Oxford University Press: Bargaining Power: Roderick Martin
		This book examines the balance of power between management and trade unions--showing why some managements and unions are more powerful than others.
		Bargaining power has long been recognized as central to industrial relations, but no previous work has taken the issue of its central focus.
		He analyzes various aspects of power, negotiations, the industrial relations context, and human resources management.
	www.oup.com /us/catalog/general/subject/Economics/Labor/~~/c2Y9YWxsJnNzPWF1dGhvci5hc2Mmc2Q9YXNjJnBmPTcwJnZpZXc9dXNhJnByPTEwJmJvb2tDb3ZlcnM9eWVzJmNpPTAxOTgyNzI1NTM= (155 words)

	ARCHIVE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION - "The International Bargaining Power of the European Union in ‘Mixed’ ...
		(2005) "The International Bargaining Power of the European Union in ‘Mixed’ Competence Negotiations: The Case of the 2000 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety" .
		Rather than construct a new model for mixed competence cases, however, we aim for explanatory parsimony by applying an existing model designed to predict EU bargaining power in international trade negotiations (Meunier 2000).
		The analysis reveals that the trade model has considerable explanatory power for some of the outcomes found in the Biosafety Protocol negotiations, but incorrectly predicts that the EU will have no bargaining power.
	aei.pitt.edu /3157 (372 words)

	Do Capitalists Have Superior Bargaining Power? - Mises Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The "superior bargaining power" argument has always been the most important argument on behalf of unionism—and of all the legislative privileges that unions enjoy. As Mises wrote in Human Action (Scholar's edition, p.
		Another reason for the "superior bargaining power" fallacy is that those who talk of this dubious theory typically speak as if "labor" is homogenous, when it unequivocally is not. Mises explained the significance of this fact as well as anyone can:
		What is sold and bought on the labor market is not "labor in general," but definite specific labor suitable to render definite services. Each entrepreneur is in search of workers who are fitted to accomplish those specific tasks which he needs for the execution of his plans.
	www.mises.org /fullstory.aspx?control=1602 (622 words)

	History of plea bargaining (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		History of plea bargaining the negotiations principled approach to the concessions should be undertaken when both parties.
		Advantages of collective bargaining has motivated employers or an ongoing relationship.
		Levels of bargaining previous next the ilo home international labour organisation actemp publications.
	bargaining.123es.com /history-of-plea-bargaining.html (526 words)

	AFSCME - Collective Bargaining Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		We have power at work by winning strong contracts and enforcing them through workplace actions and events.
		The union bargaining committee represents the united strength of all union members.
		With most locals, you pay dues when a majority of members of your bargaining unit approve and ratify a first contract — which details the agreement between you and your co-workers and your employer on wages, benefits or other working conditions.
	www.afscme.org /about/717.cfm (417 words)

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