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	What is Bark?
		Accordingly, the bark is an aggregation of organs and tissues that includes phloem and secondarily thickened tissues from the secondary plant body, as well as epidermis, cortex and phloem derived from the primary plant body (Esau 1965).
		The term bark was used by earlier authors in a technical context in reference to all dead tissues exterior to a deep-seated periderm (de Bary 1884, Büsgen and Münch 1929).
		Srivastava LM 1964 Anatomy, chemistry, and physiology of bark.
	www.caf.wvu.edu /bark/whatis.htm (0 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Jesuit's Bark
		Two hundred and fifty years ago the physician Bado declared that this bark had proved more precious to mankind than all the gold and silver which the Spaniards obtained from South America, and the world confirms his opinion to-day.
		The Spanish Jesuit missionaries in Peru were taught the healing power of the bark by natives, between 1620 and 1630, when a Jesuit at Loxa was indebted to its use for his cure from an attack of malaria (Loxa Bark).
		She did not return to Europe and was not the first to bring the bark there or to spread its use through Spain and the rest of the Continent, as stated by Markham.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08372b.htm (0 words)

	Bark (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bark is a general term for the outer layer of a plant stem.
		A bark (also barque) is a type of ship, characterized by its sail-plan.
		Bark (nonprofit), an organization dedicated to ending commercial logging on Mount Hood.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bark_(disambiguation) (191 words)

	purevolume™ \| bark bark bark
		bark bark bark was again determined that their status as a two-piece onslaught wasn't where it should have been and teamed up with guitarist ryan chavira.
		with a lengthy history in several regional, west coast, and midwest tours, it's no wonder why bark bark bark is a creative powerhouse that covers every aspect of being in a self-proclaimed one man act, as well as full onslaught of a working band; in and out of the studio.
		bark bark bark has shared the stage with several acts such as architecture in helsinki, i am the world trade center, polysics, united states of electronica, the apes, action action, rogue wave, les georges leningrad, helio sequence, xbxrx, saxon shore, unwed sailor, of montreal, joy electric, and many other promising acts.
	www.purevolume.com /barkbarkbark (526 words)

	Barque - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thus, when on the advice of Captain James Cook, a collier was bought into the navy and converted for exploration she was called HM Bark Endeavour.
		She happened to be a ship-rigged sailing vessel with a plain bluff bow and a full stern with windows.
		By the end of the 18th century, however, the term barque (sometimes, particularly in the USA, spelled bark) came to refer to any vessel with a particular type of rig.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Barque (418 words)

	Bark
		Bark is the outer sheath of a tree.
		Bark thickness decreases more or less regularly from ground to tip, with the rate of taper usually, (but not necessarily), correlated with the rate of taper of the stem under bark.
		Bark thickness errors arising from the bark gauge are a common source of error in tree volume estimation.
	sres.anu.edu.au /associated/mensuration/BrackandWood1998/BARK.HTM (938 words)

	Aboriginal bark painting - Aboriginal Art Online
		The earliest European record of Aboriginal bark painting was by the French artist N M Petit, who travelled with N T Baudin to Tasmania from 1800 to 1804, and recorded the drawings found on a bark shelter over a grave.
		The first bark paintings collected by Europeans from these areas were cut from existing bark shelters but subsequent planned collecting field trips involved commissioning artists to paint on portable rectangles of bark.
		Bark paintings from Port Keats in the Northern Territory are particularly interesting in that they reveal a combination of figurative images reminiscent of both eastern Kimberley and Arnhem Land work and a geometric tradition related to desert styles.
	www.aboriginalartonline.com /art/bark.html (966 words)

	Conifer Bark Beetle - Landscape Nursery and Urban Forestry - UMass Extension
		In the Northeast, the primary concern with conifer bark beetles is associated mostly with weakened pines in the forest and landscape.
		Many conifer bark beetle species overcome what is left of a tree’s natural defenses by utilizing a strategy known as mass attack.
		A group of bark beetles known as Ambrosia beetles are able to tunnel into the wood of the host and live in this nutrient-poor environment by transporting specific fungal spores on their bodies that grow within the galleries.
	www.umassgreeninfo.org /fact_sheets/bark_beetles/conifer_bark_beetle.html (715 words)

	How Bark is Protection for Trees
		Bark: It is defined by the American Heritage Dictionary as "the outer covering of the woody stems, branches, roots, and main trunks of trees and other woody plants, as distinguished from the cambium and inner wood.
		Bark can be used as an aesthetic way to distinguish one tree from another; tree A had bark of a dark, flaky variety whereas tree B had bark of a pale, tightly covering the tree variety.
		When one looks at bark aesthetically, one misses the point of bark: that it is a protective device for the tree, and that its unique characteristics are functional.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /biology/b103/f02/web1/jferguson.html (1177 words)

	Bark
		Bark is the outer protective covering of tree trunks.
		Bark is made up of two layers - outer bark and inner bark.
		Somewhat akin to human skin, old bark is shed, and new bark is formed from the inside.
	www.elmcare.com /trees/structures/bark.htm (140 words)

	tree bark
		Actually, Persimmon bark is one of the easiest barks to recognize because of its blocky character, the deep fissures, and the flish color.
		Like the Sweetgum's trunk, its bark is grayish and has fissures, but it's obviously a bit different from the Sweetgum.
		A Yellow Poplar's bark is usually considered to be gray-brown.
	www.backyardnature.net /treebark.htm (697 words)

	Another Look at Bark
		Also how the bark protects a tree and is as essential to its life as your skin is to you.
		The bark is used as a source of wax and tannin; in cork products, plastics, adhesives, flooring materials, undercoatings for automobile bodies; and as a soil conditioner.
		Bark not only makes the pulp and paper dirty, it adds useless bulk because it contributes nothing to the strength or finish of the paper.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /natbltn/600-699/nb630.htm (669 words)

	Tapa Cloth
		Bark cloth has not just been worn, however, but has also been used as a wrapping for the deceased, a dowry, a room partition, and a mosquito screen.
		The samples cover the many diverse uses, designs and styles of bark cloth, and are the result of a number of private collectors and colonial expeditions in the 19th century, from HRH the Duke of Edinburgh to the mutineers of the HMS Bounty.
		The production of bark cloth slowed considerably in the 20th century, eventually dying out in all but a few islands as missionaries from the west visited the Pacific, bringing with them western ideas and goods such as cotton textiles.
	www.rbgkew.org.uk /collections/ecbot/BarkCloth.htm (510 words)

	Elm Bark Beetle - Landscape Nursery and Urban Forestry - UMass Extension
		By feeding on the tender bark of healthy tree twigs in the spring, and creating wounds, they then inoculate that tree with DED from the spores on their bodies.
		The adult egg-laying gallery of the smaller European elm bark beetle runs parallel to the grain of the wood while that of the native elm bark beetle goes across the grain.
		Elm bark beetles require a tree in a very weakened state or one that is freshly dead in order to be successful in colonization; elms dying from DED are perfect breeding sites for these beetles.
	www.umassgreeninfo.org /fact_sheets/bark_beetles/elm_bark_beetle.html (930 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine: Eucommia bark
		Eucommmia bark is the gray, grooved bark of the tree Eucommia ulmoides, commonly called the hardy rubber tree or the gutta-percha tree.
		The outer bark is peeled away and the smooth inner bark is dried.
		Eucommia bark is strongly associated with the kidneys and to a lesser extent with the liver.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2603/is_0000/ai_2603000052 (988 words)

	Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients: Willow bark: A high potency extract for pain management - Phytotherapy Review ...
		Willow bark was traditionally used for inflammatory disorders such as rheumatism, gouty arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
		Based on research on willow bark and related herbs it has been suggested that lipoxygenase and hyaluronidase inhibition and free radical scavenging effects, all from other components in willow bark, contribute to the overall analgesic effect.
		Clinical use of willow bark as an antipyretic and analgesic was documented from 1763-1803 and by the mid-19th century active principles were being isolated from it and herbs with similar activity: salicin from willow bark (1826-1829), salicylaldehyde from Spiraea ulmaria (meadowsweet, 1831) and methyl salicylate from wintergreen (Gaultheria spp., 1843).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0ISW/is_2002_May/ai_85131521 (1377 words)

	Barking Dogs
		Before you embark on a training method to reduce barking, you need to understand what is causing your dog to bark...in some cases, you can remove the stimulus and reduce the problem that way.
		If you're dog barks all the time, it may be because he is trying to get your attention, and has discovered whenever he barks, you yell at him and give him attention.
		This type of barking is somewhat similar to the dog that barks to get you to drop whatever activity you are doing, such as talking on the phone, watching tv, or even chatting with friends.
	www.dogpatch.org /sheltie/barking.html (1865 words)

	Bark
		The bark protects the wood against attack by fungi and, most important, it protects the cambium: a microscopically thin layer of wonder-working cells between the sapwood and the bark.
		In each species the bark on the older trees has a distinctive appearance Even during winter, many of our hardwoods can be identified by the color of the bark and whether it is smooth, ridged, deeply furrowed, scaly, or shaggy.
		On some kinds the bark is rather thin; on others, such as a bur oak, it may be 2 inches thick; on a gigantic sequoia the deeply wrinkled bark, spongy and fire resistant, frequently has a total thickness of 2 feet.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /natbltn/500-599/nb594.htm (643 words)

	Jefferson Airplane : Bark - Listen, Review and Buy at ARTISTdirect
		Bark, Jefferson Airplane's seventh album, was an album of firsts: it was the first Airplane album in almost two years; the first made after the arrival of violinist Papa John Creach and the departure of band founder Marty Balin; the first to be released on the group's own Grunt Records label.
		Bark, perhaps as a result, was not so much a group record as a bunch of songs made by alternating solo artists with backup by the other group members.
		All of which is to say that there were some excellent songs on Bark (as well as some mediocre ones), even if the whole added up to less than the sum of the parts.
	www.artistdirect.com /nad/store/artist/album/0,,109789,00.html (323 words)

	TCF, TMM, Bark, And Some General Stuff
		Bark and I and our circles of friends were having wonderful days and nights, weeks and months, and, now, looking back, some wonderful years of living free and waging mental war on the goddam government.
		Bark went through a bunch of shit, what with the treatments and such, but the dude finally beat the cancer and got a report of “all clean” from the doctors in Billings.
		Bark shall live on through his daughter, and through her I'll still have Bark, and so I'm gonna be her daddy when Bark leaves.
	tcftalk.com /clairefiles/index.php?topic=7030.0 (5589 words)

	Scorpion, Bark (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The bark scorpion can be distinguished from other Arizona scorpion species by any of four characteristics: 1) the pincers are very slender (about six times as long as the broadest part), 2) there is a small tubercle or tooth at the base of the stinger, 3) the sternum is long and subtriangular.
		Bark scorpions are gregarious, and may be found hiding in groups (Werner and Olson, 1994)01.
		Systemic reactions to scorpions (even to the sting of the bark scorpion) are rare, but may include the following symptoms: progressive hyperactivity (restlessness) progressing to convulsions, "roving eyes," ataxia (staggering gait), thick tongue sensation, slurred speech, drooling, hypereshthesia (excesive sensitivity of the skin), muscle fasciculations (twitches), abdominal pain and cramps, and respiratory depression.
	www.fw.vt.edu /fishex/nmex_main/species/090100.htm (2225 words)

	About BARK
		Anyone is welcome to participate in BARK activities, but there is a membership option which provides special benefits for people who want to play Frisbee with their dog on a regular basis.
		BARK is committed to providing fun events and helping build stronger and better relationships with our dogs and family members.
		BARK is an unincorporated association established in Queensland.
	www.bark.asn.au /bark.htm (470 words)

	Cinchona Bark
		Calancha was describing the bark of the cinchona tree; the bark contains the alkaloid quinine along with several other alkaloids effective against malaria.
		The alkaloids in cinchona bark interfere with the reproduction of the malaria plasmodium.
		According to one story regarding the discovery of cinchona, the bark was used to cure the Countess of Chinchon, who was the wife of the Viceroy of Lima.
	www.bell.lib.umn.edu /Products/cinch.html (1660 words)

	Quinine Bark - Cinchona - Database entry for - Quinine Bark - Cinchona - Quinine Bark
		In the U.S., quinine bark is used as a tonic and digestive aid; to reduce heart palpitations and normalize heart functions; to stimulate digestion and appetite; for hemorrhoids, varicose veins, headaches, leg cramps, colds, flu, and indigestion; and for its astringent, bactericidal, and anesthetic actions in various other conditions.
		The bark partially regenerates on the tree and, after a few years and several cycles of bark removal, the trees are uprooted and new ones are planted.
		The longstanding natural remedy for quinine bark usually calls for a cup of boiling water to be poured over approximately 1-2 g of ground or chopped natural bark and allowed to steep for ten minutes.
	www.rain-tree.com /quinine.htm (2677 words)

	Pine bark beetles - Tree care: Minnesota DNR
		Pine bark beetle activity begins in the upper crown and progressively moves down the stem.
		Galleries occur in the thin layer of inner bark between the outer bark and the wood.
		Exit holes are created as the new generation of bark beetles chews its way out of the bark and, when hundreds occur in a group, look like holes from a shotgun blast.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /treecare/forest_health/barkbeetles (1040 words)

	Bark Busters Dog Training, Puppy Training - In Home Dog Obedience Training
		Bark Busters has been leading the pack in solving dog behaviour issues, dog obedience training issues, and puppy training since 1989.
		The following web pages will outline the story of why Bark Busters started and how we got to be the largest and most trusted dog training company in the world.
		You will also be able to see what our current clients say about Bark Busters and what the news media has to say as well.
	www.barkbusters.ca (0 words)

	BARK (Baby Animal Rescue Koalition) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bark is helping the new owners of Triangle T Guest Ranch with an over population of cats along with Spay and Neuter Solutions.
		BARK is a Non-Profit, No Kill, All Volunteer Animal Rescue Organization whose purpose is to address the problem of over population of companion animals in Pima County in two ways: *Provide foster home care and adoption services primarily for pregnant and nursing mothers and young animals.
		BARK animals may be viewed at PETCO (Automall Drive across from the Tucson Mall) Saturday and Sunday 11-5.
	www.petfinder.org /shelters/AZ131.html (494 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Peruvian Bark - Herb Profile and Information
		Peruvian bark was introduced to Europe in 1640, but the plant producing it was not known to botanists till 1737; a few years later it was renamed Cinchona after the Countess of Chinchon, who first made the bark known in Europe for its medicinal qualities.
		the protection of the bark from light and air by layers of damp moss, increases the quantity of the alkaloids, allows of the periodical renewal of the bark, and increases the quantity of the alkaloid in the new bark.
		The powdered bark is often used in tooth-powders, owing to its astringency, but not much used internally (except as a bitter wine); it creates a sensation of warmth, but sometimes causes gastric intestinal irritation.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/p/perbar29.html (0 words)

	BARK COLLARS
		All of our electronic bark control collars employ sound as the basic stimulus because it is well established that animals learn more quickly and retain a better memory when the desired behavior is associated with a sound.
		Indeed when we invented the very first sonic bark control collar the public was quite amazed that such a quiet little beep worked so well in making barking dogs shush.
		We market our Teriminator 2 as the most advanced, most ingenious bark control collar on the planet because it is the only bark training collar that uses progressively increasing shock along with progressively increasing sound to quickly and humanely end nuisance barking once and for all.
	www.hitecpet.com /nobarkcollars.html (1424 words)

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