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Topic: Bark beetle

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In the News (Tue 10 Nov 09)

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	House-Senate Conferees Approve Additional $10 Million to Combat Wildfire Threat Caused by the Bark Beetle
		This funding is in addition to $30 million in emergency supplemental appropriations approved by Congress last month for removal of trees damaged by the bark beetle in Southern California.
		Southern California in particular is suffering from the largest bark beetle infestation in the last 50 years, killing more than a million trees.
		Years of drought and an attack by the mountain pine bark beetle have killed nearly all of the trees in and around much of the San Bernardino National Forest, and have severely damaged forests on 400,000 acres throughout Southern California.
	feinstein.senate.gov /03Releases/r-barkbeetle1011.htm (513 words)

	Bark beetle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Dog beetle is one of approximately 220 genera with 6,000 species of beetles in the subfamily Scolytinae in the weevil family Curculionidae (traditionally the bark beetles were placed in their own family Scolytidae).
		Bark beetles often attack trees that are already weakened by disease, drought, smog, and physical damage.
		Beetles will emit pheromones to attract other beetles, which are drawn to target trees and may result in heavy infestation and eventually death of the tree.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bark_beetle (344 words)

	Bark - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bark is the outermost layer of stems and roots of woody plants such as trees.
		Cork, sometimes confused with bark in colloquial speech, is the outermost layer of a woody stem, derived from the cork cambium.
		Among the commercial products made from bark are cork, cinnamon, quinine (from the bark of Cinchona) and aspirin (from the bark of willow trees).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bark (273 words)

	What's bugging Alaska's forests? Spruce bark beetle facts and figures
		Beetles live in the thin, phloem (growing) layer between the bark and the wood.
		One female beetle may lay from 10 to 150 eggs in "galleries" constructed beneath the bark in the phloem tissue.
		Spruce bark beetles spend most of their life in the phloem tissue between the bark and the wood of a host tree.
	www.dnr.state.ak.us /forestry/insects/sprucebarkbettle.htm (939 words)

	Ips Beetles
		Ips beetles, sometimes known as “engraver beetles,” are bark beetles that damage pine and spruce trees.
		Ips beetles are generally not considered as destructive or aggressive as bark beetles in the genus Dendroctonus (mountain pine beetle, spruce beetle, Douglas-fir beetle).
		As adult ips beetles enter trees and tunnel, a yellowish- or reddish-brown boring dust is produced and accumulates in bark crevices or around the base of the tree.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/insect/05558.html (1344 words)

	Friends of Saguaro National Park - About Saguaro National Park: Bark Beetle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Initial evidence of a beetle attacked tree includes: sawdust at the base of the tree or in crevices in the bark from the beetles boring into the tree, small popcorn like masses of sap (called "pitch tubes"), and small boring holes where beetles have entered the tree.
		Bark beetle galleries that result from the larve burrowing and feeding on the inner bark.
		Due to the large extent of the outbreaks and the tremendous capacity of bark beetles to increase their numbers, there is no possibility of implementing effective control actions to prevent further tree losses on a landscape level.
	www.friendsofsaguaro.org /beetle-bark.html (3243 words)

	Pine bark beetle management - Tree care: Minnesota DNR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Bark beetles will aggregate their attack on a few cut logs or highly stressed trees in preference to health trees any time of year.
		Unless the bark is removed, using trap logs for firewood is not a disposal method since the larvae can complete their life cycle in the wood pile.
		To destroy bark beetle habitat, all the bark must be removed or the slash and logs should be chipped, burned, buried, submerged or piled and wrapped airtight with a plastic tarp.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /treecare/forest_health/barkbeetles/mgmt.html (865 words)

	Insects Photo Gallery
		Bark beetles are a common presence on forested land in Arizona.
		During the summer of 2002 bark beetle populations increased to unprecedented levels and continue to create a problem both for federal and state forested land and for private landowners.
		Bark beetle attacks have killed large numbers of trees in the spruce-fir forests of the San Francisco Peaks.
	ag.arizona.edu /extension/fh/bb_prevention.html (887 words)

	Bark Beetle
		There are many bark beetle genera, of which the most important with respect to forest damage are Dendroctanus, Ips, and Scolytus.
		Roundheaded pine beetle, western pine beetle, mountain pine beetle, and several species of Ips may all be found on severely infested trees.
		In some cases where the number of attacking bark beetles is not high, the tree may have sufficient resin available to eject the attacking bark beetles by extruding resin at the attack site ("pitching out").
	ag.arizona.edu /extension/fh/bark_beetle.html (331 words)

	Bark Beetles Management Guidelines--UC IPM
		Engraver beetles are dark brown, cylindrical, and have a scooplike depression lined with stout spines at the end of the abdomen.
		Red turpentine beetles are larger than engraver beetles and reddish brown; their presence is indicated by large, pinkish brown to white pitch tubes, a mixture of pine sap and beetle boring dust that appears on the lower trunk.
		Beetles can contribute to the decline and eventual death of trees but with a few exceptions usually are not the initial cause.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7421.html (2269 words)

	Santa Fe Pinon Initiative : Bark Beetles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Adult bark beetles chew their way through the outer bark of a living tree and emit a scent to attract other beetles.
		Beetles infect the tree, then mate and lay eggs in galleries they construct between the bark and the wood.
		A “blue stain” fungus carried by the beetles contributes to the death of the tree by clogging water and nutrient-conducting tissues.
	www.emnrd.state.nm.us /forestry/santafetrees/beetles.html (668 words)

	Pine Bark Beetles
		Pine bark beetles not only kill individual trees, but when conditions are favorable their populations can build up rapidly and cause extensive damage.
		Bark beetles are small, ranging in size from about 1/10 to 1/4 of an inch in length.
		If bark beetles are found on trees under your management, you must identify the beetle(s) causing the damage and know what action to take, or find someone who can help you.
	www.bugwood.org /factsheets/pbb.html (1357 words)

	What is a Bark Beetle?
		The bark beetle is a generic name encompassing many similar species of insects that prey on coniferous trees such as pines, spruce, and fir.
		The tree’s defense falls short, however, when the bark beetle engages in what is known as a “mass attack.” In this case, initial bark beetles emit pheromones to attract countless other bark beetles to the tree.
		Beetles not caught in pitch wait for the resin to harden to bore through again, causing more pitch out, until the bark beetles exhaust the tree’s defense system.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-a-bark-beetle.htm (606 words)

	Native Elm Bark Beetle Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		While it occurs along with the smaller European elm bark beetle (Scolytus multistriatus) in the southern one-third of the state, it is normally the exclusive vector of Dutch elm disease, Ophiostoma (Ceratocystis) ulmi, in the northern two-thirds of Minnesota.
		Crown spraying of elms to reduce beetle populations is not recommended, nor is it as effective as trunk treatments for native elm bark beetle control.
		Overwintering native elm bark beetles are attracted by dying and cut elms in May and early June; pruning should not be performed at this time.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/horticulture/DG1420.html (1442 words)

	Conifer Bark Beetles, HYG-2557-95
		Bark beetle adults usually attack trees which are under stress, have been freshly killed or are in the process of dying.
		Bark beetles which kick out sawdust-like shavings when they enter the tree trunk are making use of a freshly killed tree, and are not the cause of death.
		This often happens where a large number of pines or spruces were damaged from storms or fire and the large population of new bark beetles have nothing else to attack.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/2000/2557.html (770 words)

	elm bark beetle - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about elm bark beetle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Bark beetles are cylindrical, brown or fl, and 1–9 mm/0.04–0.4 in long.
		Most bark beetles live in forest trees;; some, however, attack fruit trees.
		Bark beetles are in the families Curculionidae or Scolytidae, order Coleoptera, class Insecta, phylum Arthropoda.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /elm+bark+beetle (247 words)

	European Elm Bark Beetle
		The European Elm Bark Beetle (EEBB) is itself not a native insect, but was introduced from Eurasia into New England, with its earliest observation being in 1909 in the Boston MA area.
		Beetles enter diseased trees, bore a hole into the bark, then prepare a brood gallery, laying many eggs in niches in the sides of the main gallery.
		Since the beetles are contaminated with fungus spores upon emergence, this early feeding transmits the disease to healthy trees.
	entomology.unl.edu /ornamentals/pestprofiles/eebb.htm (602 words)

	Elm Bark Beetle - Landscape Nursery and Urban Forestry - UMass Extension
		Hylurgopinus rufipes (Eichoff); the native elm bark beetle colytus multistriatus (Marsham); the smaller European elm bark beetle
		The adult egg-laying gallery of the smaller European elm bark beetle runs parallel to the grain of the wood while that of the native elm bark beetle goes across the grain.
		Elm bark beetles require a tree in a very weakened state or one that is freshly dead in order to be successful in colonization; elms dying from DED are perfect breeding sites for these beetles.
	www.umassgreeninfo.org /fact_sheets/bark_beetles/elm_bark_beetle.html (922 words)

	ArcNews Winter 2003-2004 Issue -- Bark Beetle Infestation Contributes to Hazardous Mountain Conditions
		Five years of drought, which spurred the largest bark beetle infestation in the last 50 years, contributed to hazardous conditions in the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains.
		Drought caused trees to become weak and unable to produce their normal amount of sap, which serves to protect the amount of damage a bark beetle can inflict.
		With less sap, trees were more susceptible to the bark beetle, and these factors actually caused a bark beetle population explosion; more bark beetles than ever are preying on trees unable to protect themselves.
	www.esri.com /news/arcnews/winter0304articles/bark-beetle.html (718 words)

	Bark Beetle Scam? / Fruitless (leafless?) Mulberry
		Based on your description of the health of your tree and the absence of symptoms and signs of bark beetle, I fear that this is not a reputable pest control professional that has "inspected" your trees.
		The beetles do their damage so fast that by the time you recognize that the trees are infested, treatment will not save the them.
		All of this, along with the absence of bark beetle signs, sawdust on the bark and branches, the absence of pitch tubes, and the apparent health suggest that the Master Gardener gave you excellent advice.
	www.cahe.nmsu.edu /ces/yard/1997/090897.html (563 words)

	Mountain Pine Beetle
		Mountain pine beetles and related bark beetles in the genus Dendroctonus can be distinguished from other large bark beetles in pines by the shape of the hind wing cover (Figure 1, top).
		A key part of this cycle is the ability of MPB (and other bark beetles) to transmit bluestain fungi.
		Ips and related beetles that emerge early in summer often are mistaken for mountain pine beetle, leading to early reports that "MPB is flying." Be sure to properly identify the beetles you find associated with your trees.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/insect/05528.html (1435 words)

	Oregon Department of Forestry Bark Beetle Infestation
		Bark beetles have always been a major problem in pine and fir, but aerial detection surveys were showing an almost eight-fold epidemic increase in tree death in the area along the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains and in associated watersheds.
		Because bark beetle infestations are a landscape problem, it is important that stable grant funding remain available to landowners over time to ensure the problem is addressed comprehensively, and that all land ownerships are involved in active forest management activities to reduce threats from bark beetle infestations.
		A frequent frustration for forest landowners who are conducting bark beetle mitigation activities is the helplessness experienced when they see an adjoining or neighboring property inflicted with bark beetles, which then threatens their own property.
	www.oregon.gov /ODF/AGENCY_AFFAIRS/Bark_Beetle.shtml (918 words)

	Forest Fire in the American Southwest-Bark Beetle Outbreaks
		Aerial surveys conducted in the fall of 2002 show widespread ponderosa pine mortality from bark beetle infestation in the Southwestern region.
		The Arizona Bark Beetle Task Force predicts that this year mortality will be at least as great as in 2002, or about 2 million trees killed, but the number could be much higher.
		The mortality from bark beetles increases the fire hazard by increasing accumulations of dead and down fuels.
	forestfire.nau.edu /beetles.htm (291 words)

	Spruce Bark Beetle Infestation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The spruce bark beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) is not new to the area, nor is it the only insect to affect the region's forests.
		Beetle activity on the northern side of the Watershed slowed considerably by 1997, but outbreaks continued to expand on the southern side, especially in China Poot Bay, Sadie Cove, and Port Graham.
		Vast acres of dead and dying timber are left in the wake of declining beetle activity.
	www.habitat.adfg.state.ak.us /geninfo/kbrr/coolkbayinfo/kbec_cd/html/ecosys/terrest/barkbeet.htm (1724 words)

	Southern pine bark beetle
		Adult beetles are tiny, being 1/16 to 3/16 inch long, dark brown to fl cylindrical beetles.
		Diagnosis of dead trees is made by the appearance of the pattern of galleries that appears S-shaped underneath the bark and outside of the heartwood (in the phloem-cambium layer).
		These beetles produce superficially similar symptoms to those caused by southern pine beetles on the trunk, but may not result in rapid decline and death of infested trees.
	insects.tamu.edu /fieldguide/bimg208.html (475 words)

	Bark beetle and firewood FAQ and resources
		If bark beetles are present, it is possible for these insects to over winter in your firewood.
		Actually moving bark beetle infested ponderosa or pinyon pine firewood to an area where native pines do not grow is a good way to prevent the spread of the beetles.
		These pesticides coat the bark and act as a stomach poison to beetles that chew into the bark where it is coated.
	www.freenewmexican.com /news/234.html (2107 words)

	scarab beetle on Encyclopedia.com
		SCARAB BEETLE [scarab beetle] or scarab, name for members of a large family of heavy-bodied, oval beetles (the Scarabaeidae), with about 30,000 species distributed throughout most of the world and over 1,200 in North America.
		A large group of scarab beetles are scavengers, feeding on decaying vegetation or on the dung of grazing animals.
		The largest scarab beetles in North America are the plant-eating Hercules beetles and their close relatives, the rhinoceros beetles and elephant beetles.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s1/scarabbe.asp (934 words)

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