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	Josaphat (saint) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saint Josaphat is said to have lived and died in the 3rd century or 4th century in India.
		Although Josaphat and Baarlam were canonized in the Greek Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church, there is no evidence that either ever existed.
		Author Holger Kersten proposes an alternate explanation: that "Josaphat" is derived from the Arabic "Judasaf" or "Budasaf", as written in an Urdu version of the tale.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Josaphat_(saint) (460 words)

	Barlaam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Barlaam and Ioasaph The story of Barlaam and Ioasaph, by "John the Monk." Traditionally ascribed to St. John Damascene, but possibly actually the work of St. Euthymius the Georgian.
		The Ecole Glossary An essay on the legend of Barlaam and Ioasaph (or Yudasaf) by Norman Hugh Redington.
		Barlaam and Josaphat Principal characters of an ancient Christian legend.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Barlaam.html (345 words)

	Josaphat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Josaphat and Barlaam The main characters of a seventh-century Christian legend.
		Barlaam, a hermit, converted the prince Josaphat to Christianity, despite the efforts of Josaphat's father Abenner to prevent such a thing.
		Catholic Encyclopedia Barlaam and Josaphat are the main characters of a seventh-century Christian legend.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Josaphat.html (276 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Barlaam and Josaphat
		Barlaam and Josaphat, spiritual romance popular during the Middle Ages.
		Barlaam and Josaphat is an exemplum (narrative used to tell a moral or...
		The last council held at Constantinople was recognized in the East as the ninth ecumenical council of the Church.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Barlaam_and_Josaphat.html (102 words)

	Barlaam und Josaphat - Wikipedia
		Josaphat (Bodhisattva) ist der Sohn eines Königs in Indien.
		Josaphat entdeckt die Verfasstheit des Menschen durch einen Blinden, einen Lahmen und einen Aussätzigen und lässt sich am Ende vom Eremiten Barlaam (=Bhagvan) zum Christentum bekehren.
		Kardinal Cesar Baronio nahm Josaphat 1590 in das Martyrologium romanum auf.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Barlaam_und_Josaphat (133 words)

	Barlaam and Josaphat
		Josaphat governed alone for a time, then resigned, went into the desert, found his former teacher Barlaam, and with him spent his remaining years in holiness.
		Barlaam and Josaphat found their way into the Roman Martyrology (27 November), and into the Greek calendar (26 August).
		The Greek text of the legend, written probably by a monk of the Sabbas monastery near Jerusalem at the beginning of the seventh century, was first published by Boissonade in "Anecdota Graeca" (Paris, 1832), IV, and is reproduced in Migne, P.G., XCVI, among the works of St. John Damascene.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/j/josaphat,barlaam_and.html (558 words)

	BARLAAM AND JOSAPHAT - Online Information article about BARLAAM AND JOSAPHAT
		The attendants reply as may be imagined; and Josaphat goes home more pensive than ever, dwelling on the certainty of death and on what shall be thereafter.
		Josaphat surrenders the kingdom to a friend called Barachias and departs for the wilderness.
		The identity of the stories of Buddha and St Josaphat was re-cognized by the historian of Portuguese India, Dipgo do Couto (1542-1616), as may be seen in his history (Dec. v.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BAI_BAR/BARLAAM_AND_JOSAPHAT.html (2116 words)

	Changing Master Narratives in Midstream: Barlaam and Josaphat and the Growth of Religious Intolerance in the ...
		Josaphat eventually becomes dissatisfied with life in the palace and is granted permission to go outside, whereupon he has a series of disturbing encounters—basically the first three of the famous four signs of the Buddhalegend.
		Josaphat becomes spiritually elevated not only to the extent that he is able to negate the material world through Barlaam's ascetic teaching, but to the extent that he is able to negate his father and his father's religion.
		There is a quite lengthy section of the text devoted to a conversation between Josaphat and his father from which we learn that the monotheistic and the polytheistic forms of religion represented by Josaphat and his father respectively are both descended from the teachings of the Budd.
	jbe.gold.ac.uk /5/macqn981.htm (7940 words)

	Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Josaphat finally relinquishes his kingdom, and retires into the desert with the genuine Barlaam for prayer and meditation.
		Thus the author of Barlaam and Josaphat caused Christianity unwittingly to do honour to the founder of Buddhism under the name of St. Josaphat; and also to read the Apology of Aristides in nearly twenty languages without suspecting what it was.
		The circumstances under which the Apology was incorporated in The Life of Barlaam and Josaphat are such as to render it unlikely that the author of the Romance should copy with the faithfulness of a scribe; but examination proves that very few modifications hare been made.
	www.ccel.org /fathers2/ANF-10/anf10-30.htm (1968 words)

	BARLAAM ET JOSAPHAT
		Barlaam continua encore ainsi : « Ceux qui aiment le monde sont semblables à quelqu'un qui a trois amis.
		Barlaam ayant donc parfaitement instruit le fils du roi, celui-ci voulut quitter son père pour suivre le saint.
		Josaphat qui avait quitté son royaume à l’âge de vingt-cinq ans, se soumit aux labeurs de la vie érémitique pendant trente-cinq ans ; alors orné d'une multitude de vertus, il reposa en paix et fut enseveli à côté de Barlaam.
	www.abbaye-saint-benoit.ch /voragine/tome03/181.htm (5545 words)

	Josaphat and the Beautiful Maiden
		he tale of the hermit St. Barlaam and his convert St. Josaphat is a curious link between Christianity and Buddhism, since at least the beginning of the story is unmistakably an account of the early life of the Buddha.
		The attempted seduction of St. Josaphat by the beautiful maiden seems to be a Christian reworking of part of the conflict between the future Buddha and the dark lord, Mára.
		Wagner had a version of the story of Barlaam and Josaphat, in one of the books that he left behind him when he had to leave Saxony in haste in 1849.
	home.c2i.net /monsalvat/josaphat.htm (907 words)

	The Golden Legend: The Story of Barlaam and Josaphat
		He shall feign him as he were Barlaam and shall defend first the faith of christian men, and after, shall leave and return from it, and thus your son shall return to you.
		And Josaphat preached then to him the way of health, and converted him to the faith, and on the morn sent him into desert, and there was baptized, and led the life of a hermit.
		Josaphat left his realm the twenty-fifth year of his age, and led the life of a hermit thirty-five years' and then rested in peace, full of virtues, and was buried by the body of Barlaam.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/golden329.htm (3999 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint Josaphat
		With Saint Barlaam, one of the protagonists in a Christianized retelling of the story of Siddhartha Buddha that was popular in the Middle Ages.
		Years after their deaths, the bodies Josaphat and Barlaam were brought to India; their joint grave became renowned by miracles.
		Even the name Josaphat appears to a corruption of the original Joasaph, which is corrupted from the middle Persian Budasif (Budsaif=Bodhisattva); a form of the story appears in The Golden Legend of Jacobus de Voragine.
	www.catholicforum.com /saints/saintjaq.htm (203 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Barlaam and Josaphat
		The astrologers had foretold that his son Josaphat would one day become a Christian.
		Later Abenner himself became a Christian, and, abdicating the throne, became a hermit.
		It is also found in an abbreviated form in the "Golden Legend" of Jacobus de Voragine of the same century.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02297a.htm (546 words)

	Barlaam, Josaphat, and Mithra
		Josaphat abandoned his princely life and became an ascetic in the desert, joined there by his preceptor, Barlaam.
		Barlaam and Josaphat were treated in Europe as Christian saints throughout the Middle Ages, and their story became part of the thirteenth-century Golden Legend, or Lives of the Saints.
		The Genoese bishop who collected and published the work wrote that "Barlaam fell asleep in peace about the year of the Lord 380." Barlaam and Josaphat were not fully canonized until the sixteenth century.
	www.gnosis.org /thomasbook/ch21.html (2203 words)

	Saints Barlaam and Josaphat - The Society and Culture Beat - SearchBeat.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Catholic Encyclopedia - Barlaam and Josaphat are the main characters of a seventh-century Christian legend.
		The Ecole Glossary - An essay on the legend of Barlaam and Ioasaph (or Yudasaf) by Norman Hugh Redington.
		Barlaam and Ioasaph - The story of Barlaam and Ioasaph, by "John the Monk." Traditionally ascribed to St. John Damascene, but possibly actually the work of St. Euthymius the Georgian.
	www.searchbeat.com /Society/ReligionandSpirituality/Christianity/People/Saints/B/SaintsBarlaamandJosaphat (289 words)

	Ø Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine \| Book of Days \| November 27 \| Goddess Sophia wisdom saint Barlaam Buddha ...
		Josaphat governed alone for a time, then went into the desert, found his former teacher Barlaam, and with him spent his remaining years as a monk.
		Barlaam is depicted in art as a man in a tree (a mouse gnawing through its trunk), clinging to it as he grasps at a beehive.
		Early in the seventeenth century, the Portuguese writer Diogo do Couto remarked that Josaphat ‘is represented in his legend as the son of a great king in India, who had just the same upbringing, with all the same particulars that we have recounted in the life of the Buddha...
	www.wilsonsalmanac.com /book/nov27.html (3789 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Aristides
		It is referred to, in the ninth century, by Ado, Archbishop of Vienne, and Usuard, monk of St. Germain.
		Professor J. Robinson found that the "Apology" is contained in the "Life of Barlaam and Josaphat", ascribed to St. John Damascene.
		It is interesting to note that during the Middle Ages the "Life of Barlaam and Josaphat" had been translated into some twenty languages, English included, so that what was in reality the story of Buddha became the vehicle of Christian truth in many nations.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01712d.htm (378 words)

	Harvard University Press/John Damascene, Barlaam and Ioasaph
		Barlaam and Josaphat (Ioasaph) were believed to have re-converted India after her lapse from conversion to Christianity, and they were numbered among the Christian saints.
		Centuries ago likenesses were noticed between the life of Josaphat and the life of the Buddha; the resemblances are in incidents, doctrine, and philosophy, and Barlaam's rules of abstinence resemble the Buddhist monk's.
		The origin of the story of Barlaam and Ioasaph—which in itself has little peculiar to Buddhism—appears to be a Manichaean tract produced in Central Asia.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/L034.html (300 words)

	barlaam
		Josaphat wurde daraufhin fern von der Welt und ihren Leiden erzogen, aber durch die Begegnung mit einem Aussätzigen, einem Blinden und einem Greis lernte er doch Alter, Krankheit und Tod kennen.
		Josaphat tritt nicht nur selbst zum Christentum über, sondern bekehrt auch seinen Vater und sein Volk, verzichtet auf die Herrschaft und wird Einsiedler.
		Barlaam und Josaphat wurden als christliche Heilige empfunden und 1583 in das Martyrologium Romanum aufgenommen.
	www.theater-schauspiel-oper.de /barlaam.html (998 words)

	Barlaam and Iasaph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is not known where or when this story was written, but it is believed to have been translated into Greek (possibly from a Georgian original) sometime in the 11th Century A.D. Although the ultimate author is usually referred to as "John the Monk", it has been traditionally ascribed to St. John of Damascus.
		The text of this edition is based on that published as ST. JOHN DAMASCENE: BARLAAM AND IOASAPH (Trans: G.R. Woodward and H. Mattingly; Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA, 1914).
		Such was its popularity that both Barlaam and Josaphat (Ioasaph) were eventually recognized by the Roman Catholic Church as Saints, and churches were dedicated in their honor from Portugal to Constantinople.
	sunsite.berkeley.edu /OMACL/Barlaam (349 words)

	BolBli-Memorabilia3
		Barlaam e Josafat forma parte de la copiosa herencia que la cultura oriental transmitió a la literatura occidental.
		Barlaam e Josafat constituye un ejemplo representativo del peculiar modo compositivo medieval que se caracteriza por la confluencia de diversos géneros.
		BOLTON, W.F., "Parable, Allegory and Romance in the Legend of Barlaam and Josaphat", Traditio, 14, 1958, pp.359-366.
	parnaseo.uv.es /Memorabilia/M4/bolbli3.htm (2316 words)

	Barlaam and Josaphat: A Transcription of MS Egerton 876 With Notes, Glossary, and Comparative Study of the Middle ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Barlaam and Josaphat: A Transcription of MS Egerton 876 With Notes, Glossary, and Comparative Study of the Middle English and Japanese Versions (Ams Studies in the Middle Ages) Edifying Spectacle
		Book / Barlaam and Josaphat: A Transcription of MS Egerton 876 With Notes, Glossary, and Comparative Study of the Middle English and Japanese Versions (Ams Studies in the Middle Ages)
		Barlaam and Josaphat: A Transcription of MS Egerton 876 With Notes, Glossary, and Comparative Study of the Middle English and Japanese Versions (Ams Studies in the Middle Ages)
	edifyingspectacle.org /thanks/asinsearch_040464161X (144 words)

	Budda who went to the West....(became St. Josaphat) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the 'Legend of Barlaam and Prince Ioasaph,' the life story of Prince Ioasaph is the exact copy of Buddha's life.
		This legend spread to Spain in 15-16th century, and was translated into 'Barlaam and Josaphat.' In this story, Josaphat was revered as a saint(St. Josaphat,) who defended Christianity after a religious struggle against his father, King Abenner.
		Josaphat was born in Lithuania about 1580 into a Catholic family and early promoted Catholic unity in a country divided between Orthodox and Catholic.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1429836/posts (1946 words)

	CHRISTIANITY - URDAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is true however that Yuzasaf became Josaphat and was venerated as a Christian saint.
		But there is a genuine St Barlaam of Antioch, 4th century martyr, and a genuine St Josaphat, 17th century bishop and martyr).
		Another author, Alexandrovic Notovic, recalled that during his visit to Laddakh, the abbot of the monastery of 'Himis' read out to him from a text, which contained a biography of Jesus, according to which, He (Jesus) travelled to India at the age of 14.
	www.urday.com /cjesus.htm (545 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - BARLAAM AND JOSAPHAT: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The last two are certainly from Indian sources, and yet are found only in the Hebrew version of the "Barlaam," which would seem to imply that it is closer to the original Buddhist source than any of the others.
		The exact position of the Arabic versions must be settled before Ibn Ḥasdai's source can be determined.
		There are a few traces of the use of "Barlaam and Josaphat," or at least of the tale of "The Three Friends," in Jewish literature, by Baḥyah, "Kad Haḳemaḥ," p.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=296&letter=B (530 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Barlaam and Josaphat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Josaphat, son of a 4th-century king in India, who persecuted the Christians, was kept in seclusion to prevent his conversion, which had been foretold.
		His father later became a Christian and surrendered his throne.
		After ruling for a while, Josaphat resigned the crown and joined Barlaam in the desert.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd01024.htm (69 words)

	Crossmap Christian Directory :: Saints Barlaam and Josaphat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The story of Barlaam and Ioasaph, by "John the Monk." Traditionally ascribed to St. John Damascene, but possibly actually the work of St. Euthymius the Georgian.
		Short article on the mythical saints Barlaam and Josaphat (or Joasaph).
		An essay on the legend of Barlaam and Ioasaph (or Yudasaf) by Norman Hugh Redington.
	dir.crossmap.com /People/Saints/B/Saints_Barlaam_and_Josaphat (197 words)

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