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	Barnfield Pit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1935 and 1936 work at Barnfield Pit produced a few 250,000-year-old fossilised skull fragments that were hailed as the remains of Swanscombe Man, and still are, despite being resexed as the remains of a woman.
		The remains were in the lower middle terrace gravels at a depth of almost 8m beneath the surface.
		Excavations were carried out by Dr. John d'Arcy Waechter between 1968-72 which revealed the extent of the former shoreline that the bones were found on along with further animal bone and flint tool examples.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Barnfield_Pit (224 words)

	Archaeology: The Lower Palaeolithic Age \| British History Online
		From the evidence provided by the Barnfield Pit sequence, it is clear that during the early part of the Mindel/Riss Interglacial there was a Clactonian industry, followed by a Middle Acheulian, which in turn was followed by a later stage of Acheulian, but all three within the same Interglacial.
		In some pits, for example Pipkin's at West Drayton, the junction between the solifluction and the brickearth is very irregular, and clearly the solifluction deposit was subjected to considerable erosion before the deposition of the brickearth.
		In the Brown's Orchard pits, at a surface level of 24-29 ft. there were sands and gravels overlaid by brickearth, the whole resting on the London Clay.
	www.british-history.ac.uk /report.asp?compid=22095 (6124 words)

	Football
		Swanscombe's international fame is assured by the discovery, in 1935, 1936 and 1955, of fragments of a female's skull in a disused gravel pit.
		Barnfield Pit, the site of the Swanscombe skull's discovery, was declared a National Nature Reserve in 1954 and is now protected.
		The increasing industrialisation of the village, coupled with the pollution and unsightly appearance of the pits and factories infuriated some of Swanscombe's older families who, under the leadership of S C Umbreville of Ingress Abbey, attempted to have the cement works closed by court action.
	www.dartfordpages.com /swanscombe/history.html (8754 words)

	Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe \| The Modern Antiquarian \| Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe
		Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe on The Modern Antiquarian, the UK and Ireland's most popular megalithic community website.
		I was born and bread in that wonderful little town and growing up, barnfield pit or "the skull site" as it is locally know was a place of great fun and yes as you noticed it has been run down and mistreated over the years.
		If you want to observe the original skull fragments they have been moved to the Natural History Museum in london and i once had the pleasure of viewing the originals on a school trip there.
	www.themodernantiquarian.com /site/4229 (894 words)

	Swanscombe - Avoo - Ask Us A Question - Swanscombe is a village, part of the Borough of Dartford on the north Kent ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Bone fragments and tools, representing the earliest humans known to have lived in England, have been found from 1935 onwards at the Barnfield Pit about 2 km outside of the village.
		All that was left of the after the explosion, where the pub had stood was a "heap of bricks and twisted rafters"¹ surrounding the smoldering pit that had been the cellar, although the staircase leading to the clubroom upstairs extended up out of the wreckage.
		Distressed families of those known to be in the pub at the time gathered at the streets corners awaiting news of the casualties as bodies were gradually recovered from the ruins.
	www.sayvillenyus.com /profile/Swanscombe (1538 words)

	Local History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In June 1935 Alvan T. Marston, a Clapham Dentist who was an amateur archaeologist, found part of a human skull in Barnfield Pit.
		The lower layers of Barnfield Pit have given us tools from an older, more primitive, tribe of man living at Swanscombe earlier than 250,000 years ago.
		This consisted of a farm with underground storage pits which held crops grown in adjacent fields.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~mchatwin/localhst.htm (9072 words)

	New Page 1
		Discoidal hand-axe, 2 9/16" L x 2 1/2" W x less than 3/4" T, found January 21, 1933, Barnfield pit, Swanscombe, Kent England, mottled gray and tan flint, ex-R. Britton and J. Sherman collections, very rare example from a famous site, $650.
		Hand-axe, 4 5/8" L x 2 7/8" W, found March 15, 1913, Millend Pit, Swanscombe, Kent, England, beautiful mottled orange patina, ex-Sir Reginald Smith collection, very rare artifact from both a famous location and a famous collection, very well made and just gorgeous, $625.
		Hand-axe, 3 3/16" L x 2 3/4" W, found September 21, 1933, Ricksons Pit, Swanscombe, Kent, England, mottled shades of gray/white/tan, ex-F. Dewey collection, excellent workmanship, still very sharp, very rare artifact from both a famous location and a famous collection, $525.
	www.paleoworld.com /paleolithic1.htm (676 words)

	Archaeological Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The sight at Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe supplied archeologists with ancient human skulls that closely resembled modern human counterparts.
		Lower layers of the Barnfield Pit revealed an even older, more primitive form of man living at Swanscombe earlier than 250,000 BP.
		Since the finds went against their contemporary timelines, archeologists had to rethink and reorganize the entire timeline to coincide with the new finds stating that there were modern-human like races 250,000 years ago and maybe even before.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/sites/europe/swanscombe.html (477 words)

	A review of the occurrence of Corbicula in the Pleistocene of North-west Europe
		In the Belvédère pit, near Maastricht, interglacial deposits yielding a Middle Palaeolithic industry are present on top of the Caberg-3 terrace of the River Maas (Van Kolfschoten and Roebroeks, 1985; Vandenberghe et al., 1993; Van den Berg, 1996).
		The sand pit of Fransche Kamp near Wageningen is in the ice-pushed area of the Veluwe (Ruegg, 1991).
		Shell-bearing Holsteinian deposits are rare in the Netherlands and are known only from pits in the ice-pushed hill of Neede and from a neighbouring borehole (34B217-Gelselaar).
	web.inter.nl.net /users/Meijer.T/tm/paginas/ae-pub-corb01.htm (9380 words)

	hist
		Taken together, the two species help to date the site to the Hoxnian interglacial, a warm phase for which deposits are also preserved at nearby Swanscombe.
		The deposits at the Ebbsfleet site are slightly older than those that produced the skull of "Swanscombe Man," in fact now thought to be female, over 50 years ago at Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe about 2km away, but younger than those at Boxgrove, where a shin bone was found in 1993.
		However, these sites are close enough in time to be sure that the same early species of hominid was responsible for the archaeological evidence.
	www.50connect.co.uk /50c/hist.asp?article=10833 (877 words)

	history of dartford - Howard Stoate - MP for Dartford
		In 1935 an excavation at Barnfield Pit in Swanscombe uncovered the remains of a 350,000 year old human skull.
		A rich iron age site near Farningham, consisting of a farm with underground storage pits and a wealth of animal remains was also found in the mid seventies.
		Dartford's name probably owes its name to the ford over the Darenth which was constructed during the period to connect the newly built Watling Street.
	www.howardstoate.labour.co.uk /ViewPage.cfm?Page=18431 (1551 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		I did find (Sep. 2000) two pieces of the remains at the Barnfield pit but I did not recognize them as bones but merely stones that looked "carved".
		In January of 2001 I was going through rocks and shells that I had collected from all over England and some in Europe, about 200 in total and for the first time realized these were fossilized bones.
		I do have other pictures of the Swanscombe site and a position obtained from a global positioning instrument that is essentially the same as the published position of the original discovery.
	www.jackcuozzo.com /swanscombe3.html (850 words)

	Archaeology and Early History: Introduction
		Three substantial and perfectly matching pieces of the 300,000 year old Swanscombe Skull, found by archaeologists at Barnfield Pit, Craylands Lane, Swanscombe near Dartford in the 1930s and 1950s, are among the oldest human remains ever discovered in Europe.
		Evidence suggests that Swanscombe Man, actually a woman in her early twenties, represents a slightly primitive form of modern man (Homo sapiens).
		Thousands of their primitive stone axes have been found in the oldest deposits at Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe.
	www.dartfordarchive.org.uk /early_history (1559 words)

	Permanent Exhibits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In addition to information about how fossils were created, there is also information explaining the way in which chalk and flint were formed.
		This concentrates on the important local site of Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, where the 400 000 year old Swanscombe Skull was discovered in three pieces in 1935, 1936 and 1955.
		A cast of the skull is on display, along with actual flint tools and animal remains from the period.
	webserv.dartford.gov.uk /museum/PermanentExhibits.htm (514 words)

	Oxford Archaeology - Elephant Hunters of the Stone Age
		The fluvial gravels that cap the sequence are equivalent in height to the Lower Middle Gravel deposit at the famous site of Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, and are likely to be of the same age, representing part of an early northward-flowing Ebbsfleet River, near its point of confluence with the Thames.
		Interestingly, no sign of the mandible of the Ebbsfleet elephant was found in the vicinity of the skeleton, although parts of it may subsequently be identified during post-excavation analysis of the many small fragments found across the rest of the excavated area.
		The deposits at the Ebbsfleet site are slightly older than those that produced the skull of "Swanscombe Man" — in fact now thought to be female — over 50 years ago at Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, but younger than those at Boxgrove.
	www.oau-oxford.com /html_pages/ctrlele_feature.htm (2380 words)

	South Leeds Archaeology group - SLAG
		The extreme cold of the following Anglian glaciation is likely to have driven humans out of Britain altogether and the region does not appear to have been occupied again until the ice receded during the Hoxnian interglacial.
		This period has produced a rich and widespread distribution of sites by Palaeolithic standards although uncertainty over the relationship between the Clactonian and Acheulean industries is still unresolved.
		Finds from Swanscombe and Botany Pit in Purfleet support Levallois technology being a European rather than African introduction however.
	www.homeguardsecurity.co.uk /archaeology/periods_palaeolithic.shtm (1143 words)

	Police 2020 (1997) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Detective Chief Inspector Billy O'Connell (Liam Cunningham) is in charge of the nightshift force brought in to resolve the situation.
		However, he and a colleague, played by Rachel Davies, are both up for a promotion and they are being watched throughout the crisis to see who performs better, their superiors taking advantage of the situation to pit them against each other.
		Against this backdrop, we get to see that cops in the year 2020 will be the same hateful, moaning misanthropists that British viewers have got used to during a decade of 'the Bill', with none of the wit that makes _Homicide: LOTS_ so great.
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0216978/combined (350 words)

	The Prehistoric Society - PPS Abstract
		Although outside the mapped extent of the Boyn Hill/Orsett Formation, the newly discovered deposits can be firmly correlated with the Middle Gravels and Upper Loam from the Barnfield Pit sequence dating to c.
		The lithic assemblage from the fluvial gravel was confirmed as dominated by pointed handaxes, supporting previous studies of artefacts from the equivalent Lower Middle Gravel at Barnfield Pit.
		The raw material characteristics of the assemblage were investigated, and it was concluded that there was no indication that the preference for pointed shapes could be related to either the shape or source of raw material.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /prehistoric/pps/abstracts/abs67.html (1721 words)

	Alvan T. Marston: a historical character study
		In a quarry pit in the region of Swanscombe, he found a piece of a fossilized human skull "in situ" - still in place in the ground, undisturbed.
		If he simply took the fossil out of the ground, with no witnesses to corroborate his discovery, his claims for finding it at that location could be challenged.
		Compromising, Marston took the fossil, marked the spot with a stone wrapped in a handkerchief, and found a workman in the pit to be his witness.
	members.shaw.ca /tom.t/pilt/marston.html (7173 words)

	[No title]
		A cross-section of a piece of "Swanscombe gravel" found in the natural state with this surface exposed.
		This is a flint flake which appears to be typical of other flakes found in the Bamfield pit.
		Two photos of possible new explorations in the Barbfield Pit area of Swanscombe, England taken in July 2001 by the Paul Humber, moderator of the debate between Dr. Cuozzo and Dr. Mann.
	www.jackcuozzo.com /swanscombe4.html (766 words)

	Quaternary Palaeoenvironments Group (QPG) » Controls on interglacial sedimentation
		Kemp, R.A. The decalcified Lower Loam at Swanscombe, Kent: a buried Quaternary palaeosol.
		Kerney, M.P. Interglacial deposits in Barnfield pit, Swanscombe, and their molluscan fauna.
		Knight, D. and Howard, A.J. Archaeology and alluvium in the Trent valley: an archaeological assessment of the floodplain and gravel terraces.
	www-qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk /research/projects/interglacialrivers (2435 words)

	Archaeology and Early History: Early Prehistoric Peoples
		Animals found in the area at the time included straight-tusked elephants, fallow deer, horse, wild ox, red deer and rhinoceros.
		The 300,000 year-old 'Swanscombe Skull' retrieved from Barnfield Pit in Craylands Lane, Swanscombe, is world-famous.
		Environmental evidence from Barnfield Pit suggests that these Acheulian tribespeople lived in relatively open grassland conditions as evidenced by the large number of horse and wild ox remains retrieved from the site.
	www.dartfordarchive.org.uk /early_history/people.shtml (784 words)

	Archaeological potential of secondary contexts : Summaries 2002-2003 : ALSF Projects : Aggregates Levy Sustainability ...
		In the interim, access to the database can be arranged by application to either Dr Robert Hosfield or Jenni Chambers.
		One outreach lecture (Early humans in the Axe Valley: the evidence from the Broom pits) presented to the Hawkchurch Historical Society in April 2003.
		The lecture summarised the work undertaken at the Lower Palaeolithic site at Broom on the Devon/Dorset border, analysed and interpreted as part of this research project.
	www.english-heritage.org.uk /server/show/ConWebDoc.5229 (3480 words)

	Module_1_References
		Lake, Mire and River Environments During the Last 15000 Years.
		Conway, B. The Stratigraphy and Chronology of the Pleistocene Deposits of Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe.
		Dawson, A. Ice Age Earth: Late Quaternary Geology and Climate.
	www.rdg.ac.uk /secondarycontexts/arch-mod1-refs.htm (855 words)

	University of Michigan Library Name Resolver Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Upper gravels, Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, Kent.; May 1954
		Availability: These pages may be freely searched and displayed.
		Upper gravels, Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, Kent.; Barnfield Pit
	name.umdl.umich.edu /IC-ANTHRO1IC-X-11710]11710 (80 words)

	Environmental Archaeology Unit Reports
		Irving, B. Pre publication report: The ichthyofauna from the Waechter excavations, Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, Kent.
		Kenward, H. and Large, F. Publication draft: Insects in urban waste pits in Viking York: another kind of seasonality.
		Hall, A. Comments on plant remains from some samples from medieval and post-medieval ‘tan pits’ at a site in the Bull Ring, Birmingham (site code BRB99).
	www.york.ac.uk /inst/chumpal/EAU-reps/eaureps-web.htm (18569 words)

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