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| | Federalism |
 | | Ludolph Hugo ((ca.) 1630 -- 1704) was the first to distinguish confederations based on alliances, decentralized unitary states such as the Roman Empire, and federations, characterized by ‘double governments’ with territorial division of powers, in De Statu Regionum Germanie (1661) (cf. |
 | | In The Spirit of Laws (1748) Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) argued for confederal arrangements to ensure the ideal scale of government required for political liberty understood as non-domination -- that is, security against abuse of power. |
 | | Braybrooke, David, 1983, "Can Democracy Be Combined With Federalism or With Liberalism?", in J. Pennock and John W. Chapman, eds., Nomos XXV: Liberal Democracy. |
| plato.stanford.edu /entries/federalism (5089 words) |
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