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	baroque - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about baroque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The term baroque has also by extension been used to describe the music and literature of the period (see baroque music), but it has a much less clear meaning in these fields, and is more a convenient label than a stylistic description.
		Outstanding baroque architects included Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini, Francesco Borromini, Pietro da Cortona, Baldassare Longhena, and Giovanni Guarini in Italy; Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart in France; the Asam brothers and Balthasar Neumann in southern Germany; and Christopher Wren, Nicholas Hawksmoor, and John Vanbrugh in Britain.
		In Catholic Flanders the style is represented by Peter Paul Rubens and Anthony van Dyck, and in Spain by Diego Velázquez and José Ribera.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /baroque (720 words)

	Baroque - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Though Baroque was superseded in many centers by the Rococo style, beginning in France in the late 1720s, especially for interiors, paintings and the decorative arts, Baroque architecture remained a viable style until the advent of Neoclassicism in the later 18th century.
		Baroque actually expressed new values, which often are summarized in the use of metaphor and allegory, widely found in Baroque literature, and in the research for the "maraviglia" (wonder, astonishment — as in Marinism), the use of artifices.
		The term "Baroque" was initially used with a derogatory meaning, to underline the excesses of its emphasis, of its eccentric redundancy, its noisy abundance of details, as opposed to the clearer and sober rationality of the Renaissance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Baroque (3279 words)

	Baroque music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Baroque music describes an era and a set of styles of European classical music which were in widespread use between approximately 1600 to 1750 (see Dates of classical music eras for a discussion of the problems inherent in defining the beginning and end points).
		Baroque music was more often written for virtuoso singers and instrumentalists, and is characteristically harder to perform than Renaissance music, although idiomatic instrumental writing was one of the most important innovations of the period.
		The middle baroque is separated from the early baroque by the coming of systematic thinking to the new style, and a gradual institutionalization of the forms and norms, particularly in opera.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Baroque_music (3863 words)

	Baroque Art and Architecture - MSN Encarta
		Baroque Art and Architecture, the style dominating the art and architecture of Europe and certain European colonies in the Americas throughout the 1600s, and in some places, until 1750.
		However, by the end of the 18th century the term “baroque”, carrying associations with the grotesque, had entered the vocabulary of art criticism as a label for a style of 17th-century art that many later critics regularly dismissed as too bizarre or strange to merit serious study.
		Infinite space is often suggested in Baroque paintings or sculptures; throughout the Renaissance and into the Baroque period, painters sought a grander sense of space and truer depiction of perspective in their works.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572212/Baroque_Art_and_Architecture.html (668 words)

	[No title]
		The roots of baroque styles are found in the art of Italy, and especially in that of Rome in the late 16th century.
		Meanwhile, a third baroque style developed in Rome about 1630, the so-called high baroque; it is generally considered the most characteristic mode of 17th-century art, with its exuberance, emotionalism, theatricality, and unrestrained energy.
		Rubens's mature style, with its exceedingly rich colors, dynamic compositions, and voluptuous female forms, is the peak of northern baroque painting and is exemplified by his famous series of 21 huge canvases, The Life of Marie de MÈdicis (1621-25, Louvre, Paris).
	www.uib.no /ped/baroque.html (4048 words)

	Baroque - Baroque Art
		Baroque was born in Italy, and later adopted in France, Germany, Netherlands, and Spain.
		The new Baroque style is a dynamic art which reflects the growth of absolutist monarchies and is suitable to manifest power.
		Baroque is a style in which painters, sculptors, and architects rummaged emotion, movement, and variety in their works.
	www.huntfor.com /arthistory/c17th-mid19th/baroque.htm (687 words)

	Baroque Period [M.Tevfik DORAK]
		Baroque era covers the period between 1600 and 1750 beginning with Monteverdi (birth of opera) and ending with the deaths of Bach and Handel.
		Generally speaking, the Baroque era is a period of ecstasy and exuberance, and of dynamic tensions in contrast to the assuredness and self-reliance of the Renaissance period.
		In Baroque music, notated dotted rhythm was performed freely virtually everywhere with the precise value of the dotted note being variable according to the mood or affect.
	members.tripod.com /~dorakmt/music/baroque.html (2396 words)

	Baroque Art : Baroque Paintings Galleries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Though Baroque is superceded in many centers by the Rococo style, beginning in France in the late 1720s, especially for interiors, paintings and the decorative arts, Baroque architecture remained a viable style until the advent of Neoclassicism in the later 18th century.
		The Baroque was defined by Woelffrin as the age where the oval replaced the circle as the center of composition, that centralization replaced balance, and that coloristic and "painterly" effects began to become more prominent.
		It has been said that the monumental Baroque is a style that could give the Papacy, like secular absolute monarchies, a formal, imposing way of expression that could restore its prestige, at the point of becoming somehow symbolic of the Counter-Reformation.
	www.myreproductions.com /baroque_art.php (594 words)

	Baroque Art
		The baroque style is characterized by an emphasis on unity among the arts.
		Baroque naturalism developed with artists such as Valentin de Boulogne, who had lived in Italy, and with those who had contact with Flemish realism, such as the Le Nain brothers and Philippe de Champaigne.
		In the late Baroque paintings of Antoine Coypel, the pervasive influence of Rubens is strongly apparent, especially in those for the Royal Chapel at Versailles.
	arthistory.heindorffhus.dk /frame-Style10-Baroque.htm (1591 words)

	Washington Bach Consort - The Baroque Style (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Baroque music is viewed as an historic bridge between the Renaissance and the era of the Classical and Romantic styles, characterized by such household names as Mozart and Beethoven.
		Beginning in the early 1600’s, two national styles were the primary influences on European Baroque music – the Italian style, which placed heavy emphasis on the violin (a new instrument at that time), and the French style, which was more theatric and often performed in operas and courtly dance suites.
		Baroque music’s ornate nature is achieved in many ways…the blending of various tones, the ornamentation of the musical score itself and a seeming juxtaposition of many overlaid tones and
	www.bachconsort.org /bq_style.html (408 words)

	NYU Course: Music Literature--The Classical Period: Baroque Style
		The term "baroque" was originally a perjorative that was used to describe a style that was too ornamental, even too sentimental and bombastic for the tastes of the aristocracy in the late 18th Century.
		Concerto grosso style refers to the alternation of orchestra, ripieno (the ripieno consisting of the solo instruments with continuo), and tutti (orchestra + ripieno).
		The Baroque style was strongly influenced by the Doctrine of Affections and the values emphasized the unity of affect (i.e., unity of mood) within the same movement.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/gilbert/classic/baroque.html (533 words)

	WebMuseum: Baroque
		This style originated in Rome and is associated with the Catholic Counter-Reformation, its salient characteristics--overt rhetoric and dynamic movement--being well suited to expressing the self-confidence and proselytizing spirit of the reinvigorated Catholic Church.
		From the Mannerist style the Baroque inherited movement and fervent emotion, and from the Renaissance style solidity and grandeur, fusing the two influences into a new and dynamic whole.
		In the 17th century, Rome was the artistic capital of Europe, and the baroque style soon spread outwards from it, undergoing modification in each of the countries to which it migrated, as it encountered different tastes and outlooks and merged with local traditions.
	www.ibiblio.org /wm/paint/glo/baroque (731 words)

	BAROQUE MUSIC DEFINED
		Later, during the early-to-mid 1900s, the term baroque was applied by association to music of the 17th and early 18th century, and today the term baroque has come to refer to a very clearly definable type or genre of music which originated, broadly speaking, around 1600 and came to fruition between 1700 and 1750.
		It was however in the baroque period that the essential language of music was defined, and it is interesting to note how successive composers would often "return to base", studying and playing Bach's works, writing fugues in the baroque style, or adapting the works of baroque composers.
		The baroque age favored the harpsichord, in which the strings are plucked and the player cannot vary the tone through finger touch.
	www.baroquemusic.org /bardefn.html (1870 words)

	Baroque Art - Artists, Artworks and Biographies
		At the beginning of the 17th century, the Baroque style spread from Rome and migrated to varying countries, evolving as artists fused it with the traditions of their native countries.
		Baroque painters, sculptors, and architects sought to portray emotion, variety, and movement in their works by appealing to the senses.
		Baroque Style was typified by strong contrasts in value and bold ornamentation that added action and drama to the art.
	wwar.com /masters/movements/baroque.html (605 words)

	Sanford & A Lifetime of Color: Study Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The word baroque comes from the Portuguese word meaning "irregularly shaped pearl." It was first used in the 17th century to describe something that did not meet the classical standards of the Renaissance.
		The Baroque period was also a time of political and religious tension.
		Baroque art, in general, was characterized by elaborate displays of grandeur.
	www.sanford-artedventures.com /study/g_baroque.html (235 words)

	Introduction: Triumph of the Baroque-NGA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Emerging in both Rome and Paris shortly after 1600, the baroque in art and architecture soon spread throughout Europe, where it prevailed for one hundred and fifty years.
		Baroque architects had been schooled in the classical Renaissance tradition, emphasizing symmetry and harmonious proportions, but their designs revealed a new sense of dynamism and grandeur.
		Baroque architects also mastered the unification of the visual arts -- painting, sculpture, architecture, garden design, and urban planning -- to a remarkable degree, producing buildings and structures with a heightened sense of drama and power.
	www.nga.gov /exhibitions/2000/baroque/intro1.shtm (368 words)

	Baroque Art - History and Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Yet it was not until the 17th century, with the groundswell of renewed confidence and spiritual militancy in the Counter-Reformation Catholic Church that a radical new style, the Baroque, developed.
		"Although Baroque art had its origins in the Catholic church the possibilities for propaganda afforded by the involving and illusionistic techniques of the Baroque style were not lost on secular patrons.
		Indeed, French Baroque is, by virtue of its use chiefly as political propaganda, characterized by a certain pomposity.
	www.1st-art-gallery.com /artists/baroque/baroque.html (729 words)

	Baroque-Style Bows, Authentic Sound
		The concert of baroque orchestral music, to be performed by the Harvard Baroque Chamber Orchestra at the Memorial Church, will inaugurate the set of violin bows.
		One of the newly donated bows is used by Wesley Chinn '98 during a rehearsal for thie weekend's concert.
		Baroque bows are lighter, more flexible, and can easily realize the highly inflected musical rhetoric of their time; they bring out all the spirited gestures that make up this music.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/1999/03.04/baroque.html (704 words)

	SoWeirdProductions » Baroque Style
		The baroque period begins at the end of 17C with the birth, in Italy, of opera, and lasts until the middle of the 18C with the death of Handel in 1759.
		Early Baroque was a period of experimentation and transition.
		Baroque music invariably requires the presence of a continuo section, usually comprising a keyboard instrument (or chord-playing instrument such as the lute) and a bass instrument to double the bass line.
	www.soweirdproductions.com /?page_id=112 (3795 words)

	Bach Choir of Bethlehem
		The term Baroque comes from a Portuguese word "barocco," which means "a misshapen pearl." This definition reveals two things about the meaning of the word "Baroque".
		Baroque composers rarely indicated dynamics, that is, loud and soft in music.
		Most Baroque composers believed in a theory known as the "Doctrine of Affections," which stated that music had an emotional effect on people, and that a single movement or piece of music should attempt to reflect or create in the listener's mind one and only one emotion.
	www.bach.org /bach101/about_bach/baroque.html (775 words)

	DoveSong.com -- About Baroque Music
		The Baroque era artistically bridged the gap between the spiritually pure music of the renaissance era and the formalized music of the classical era.
		The music of the early baroque was composed in a style that was very similar the music of the renaissance era.
		The baroque era culminated with the exalted music of J.S. Bach, whose three sons were among the first exponents of the new music of the classical era: the era that followed the baroque.
	www.dovesong.com /positive_music/archives/baroque/about_baroque.asp (1194 words)

	Bach and the Baroque Style, Part 2
		The first of the readily identifiable Baroque styles that developed was a style of music involving one solo high voice with a bass line and some sort of flexible accompaniment.
		Many Baroque compositions were written with a melodic line, and the only other thing you would see in the music would be this bass line with figures under it.
		But in the most important style of the Renaissance is this contrapuntal … this polyphonic style that consisted of a number of simultaneous lines of music going on at one time.
	net.unl.edu /musicFeat/bach/bachforms2.html (1443 words)

	Baroque Style. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The term Baroque, imported from Italy whence it received its name, incarnated the spirit of the Counter Reformation.
		It is fundamentally a decorative style of capricious, elaborate and ornate forms.
		Baroque, through the Jesuists, impregnated all the religious monuments of preceding epochs superimposing its style on both Gothic and Romanesque with retables full of small pillars and gilding.
	www.sispain.org /english/language/baroque.html (107 words)

	Mark Harden's Artchive: "Baroque Art"
		Carracci's great rival, Caravaggio, by contrast modified his Classic style with an early naturalism, using for his strongly-felt religious subjects characters who appeared to have walked in straight from the streets, the spiritual meaning of the narrative heightened by dramatically theatrical chiaroscuro.
		Because of its base in the Catholic Counter-Reformation, Baroque was resisted in Protestant countries such as Holland and Britain, although Rembrandt in Holland and the painter John Thornhill and architect Vanbrugh in Britain are exceptions.
		Baroque Painting: Two Centuries of Masterpieces from the Era Preceding the Dawn of Modern Art, by Stefano Zuffi.
	www.artchive.com /artchive/baroque.html (779 words)

	baroque
		Secondly, the term Baroque is used as a general label for the period when this style flourished, notably the 17th century and in certain areas much of the 18th century.
		Thirdly, Baroque is often applied to art of any time or place that contains the qualities associated with the Baroque art of the past, such as its sense of movement and emotional intensity.
		The Baroque style, according to Pioch, did inherit movement and fervent emotion from the Mannerists, while also combining the solidity and grandeur of the Renaissance (1).
	www.unc.edu /~zsvictor/baroque.html (500 words)

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