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Topic: Barr body

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	Barr's body (www.whonamedit.com)
		Barr and Ewart George Bertram (1923—)showed that it is possible to determine the genetic sex of an individual according as to whether there is a chromatin mass present on the inner surface of the nuclear membrane of cells with resting or intermitent nuclei (sex chromatin).
		The term Barr body was introduced by Mary Lyon.
		A morphological distinction between neurones of the male and female, and the behaviour of the nucleolar satellite during accelerated nucleoprotein synthesis.
	www.whonamedit.com /synd.cfm/2914.html (277 words)

	Barr body
		In those species in which sex is determined by the presence of the Y or W chromosome rather than the diploidy of the X or Z, a Barr body is the inactive X chromosome in a female cell, or the inactive Z in a male.
		This is what results in the coloration pattern of female calico cats; pigmentation genes on the X chromosome are activated in different patches of skin based on which chromosome is condensed in those regions.
		The Barr body chromosome is generally considered to be inert, but in fact a small number of genes remain active and expressed in some species.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Barr_body.html (213 words)

	Charles Brewer vs. Freeman Barr (September 19, 2003)
		Barr attempted to remain in close quarters and trade with the former champion but Brewer's power shots continued to thud off his torso and he had no choice but to retreat.
		Barr, 29, attempted to block and counter the onslaught but Brewer, 33, just marched through his punches and repeatedly nailed him with screaming left hooks to the liver and skull.
		Occasionally Barr was able to land a sneaky counter right hand, which he did at 2:21 of the third, but rather than follow up he immediately grabbed Brewer and tied him up.
	www.boxingtimes.com /analyses/2003/030919brewer_barr.html (986 words)

	Lab Manual Exercise #2
		In females one of the two X chromosomes appears as a condensed, dark-staining Barr body inside the nucleus of somatic cells, near the nuclear membrane.
		Since Barr bodies only appear in nuclei with more than one X chromosome, they are not present in male cells.
		In regions with yellow fur, the fl gene is on the inactive Barr body while the yellow gene is on the active X chromosome.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /lmexer2.htm (2403 words)

	Medi-Centre - Dr. Murray Barr
		Further investigations revealed a number of abnormal conditions in which two or more Barr bodies were found, many in association with mental retardation.
		Dr. Barr taught histology and anatomy at the University of Western Ontario for many years, and published a popular text book in the field, The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint, which went through six editions during his lifetime.
		After serving in the Second World War, Dr. Barr was very interested in the effects of fatigue on the central nervous system.
	www.virtualmuseum.ca /Exhibitions/Medicentre/en/barr_print.htm (309 words)

	Barr body - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This happens early in embryonic development at random in mammals, (Brown, 1997) except in marsupials and in some extra-embryonic tissues of some placental mammals, in which the father's X chromosome is always deactivated (Lee, 2003).
		Barr bodies are named after their discoverer, Murray Barr.
		It is thought that this constitutes the mechanism of choice, and allows downstream processes to establish the compact state of the Barr body.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Barr_body (781 words)

	Barr's Hopper, Copper, Dropper, by John Barr
		In the beginning, the body of Barr's fly was natural copper, but he later added patterns with red, green, and fl wire to his fly box.
		Barr believes that insects don't have to be present for fish to key in on a particular color or size.
		Barr also tries to correlate the size of the Copper with the size of mayfly nymphs, but if he needs to get his fly down, he fine-tunes the hatch matching with the dropper.
	www.flyfisherman.com /ftb/jbbarrflies/index2.html (1183 words)

	Barr body
		Barr body A condensed mass of chromatin found in the nuclei of female mammals.
		Forensics officials released Barr's body, which was identified from a knee X-ray, on Monday.
		A few days later, miles away from her trimmed grass and blooming day lilies, Barr's body was discovered under brush and rubble in some woods.
	www.mongabay.com /igapo/biotech/Barr_body.html (73 words)

	Acyclovir - The Body
		Acyclovir does not rid the body of the herpes simplex virus (HSC), but it reduces its severity or slows its growth by inhibiting reproduction of the virus.
		The Body is a service of Body Health Resources Corporation, 250 West 57th Street, New York, NY 10107.
		The Body and its logos are trademarks of Body Health Resources Corporation, which owns the copyright of The Body's homepage, topic pages, page designs and HTML code.
	www.thebody.com /pinf/acyclovir.html (1319 words)

	Roger Barr - Duke BME
		M.S. Spach, R.C. Barr, D.W. Benson, A. Walston, II, R.B. Warren, and S.B. Edwards: Body surface lowlevel potentials during ventricular repolarization with analysis of the ST Segment.
		Plonsey and Barr, R.C.: A critique of impedance measurements in cardiac tissue.
		R.C. Barr, T.C. Pilkington, J.P. Boineau, and C.L. Rogers: Constrained inverse electrocardiography.
	www.bme.duke.edu /faculty/barr/pubs.php (5313 words)

	Human Genetics - Chromosomal Inheritance 2
		In 1948, before the discoveries of Lyon, Barr and Bertram found that in the interphase nucleus of female cat neurons there were a significant number of cells that had one "darkly staining body" lying along the edge of the nucleus, but they never found a "darkly staining body" in the neurons of male cats.
		Normal males never express these "Barr bodies." In all cases, the number of Barr bodies is one less than the number of X chromosomes in an individual.
		One Barr body means the individual has two X chromosomes, two Barr bodies means the individual has three X chromosomes, etc. We now know that the "darkly staining" Barr body is the condensed, inactive X chromosome.
	www.uic.edu /classes/bms/bms655/lesson10.html (2082 words)

	MCDB 1041 Class 13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Cells in the body will have two different versions of the X chromosome: one set of cells will have X alleles contributed by the father, while another set of cells will have X alleles contributed by the mother.
		Barr bodies: Shown by Murray Barr in 1949.
		This blob or body is the inactive X chromosome, called a Barr body.
	www.colorado.edu /mcdb/MCDB1041/class13.html (1182 words)

	Chromatin of the Barr body: histone and non-histone proteins associated with or excluded from the inactive X chromosome ...
		The location of the Xi as determined by the Barr body and H3DimK4 distribution is indicated by the white arrowheads, and the location of the active X as determined by FISH is indicated by the white arrows.
		The Barr body was deficient for H3mR2, H3DimR17, H3DimR26 and
		Barr, M.L. and Bertram, E.G. (1949) A morphological distinction between neurones of the male and female, and the behaviour of the nucleolar satellite during accelerated nucleoprotein synthesis.
	hmg.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/12/17/2167 (7173 words)

	FIRST THINGS: On the Square
		Professor Barr originally argued that the reassembly view of the resurrection is inconsistent with quantum physics, which says that subatomic particles lack individuation.
		That is, usually, in a living organism sameness of body means that the parts, roles, and processes of a living organism are caused by the previous parts, roles, and processes of that organism.
		He argues as follows: If the body is resolved into its constituent particles (by explosion, decay, etc), then any material continuity of the kind we envisage would require numerical identity of particles, and this latter is—we take Professor Barr to be saying—impossible.
	www.firstthings.com /onthesquare/?p=449 (1261 words)

	Re: How do Barr bodies work in Klinefelter's Syndrome?
		As a general rule of thumb, the number of Barr bodies in a cell is always equal to the number of X chromosomes minus one.
		Barr bodies in testis with Klinefelter syndrome, Urology 1980 Jan;15(1):74-6, Shamsuddin AK Tang CK.
		Presumably the presence of Y chromosome genes interferes with Barr body condensation.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/jan2000/948207055.Ge.r.html (456 words)

	Arthur M. Young: The Theory of Process
		For just as the world with its oceans, continents, and nations presents many facets, yet is one body of matter, so does our culture with its religions and sciences present many facets, yet is one body of life.
		The two-category debate of the "mind-body" problem (Barr, 1982) in contemporary philosophy and neuropsychology remains at a stalemate primarily because of terminological ambiguity.
		Young believes that we should rejoice in the discovery by quantum physicists that indeterminancy (or the lack of certainty or constraint) is characteristic of subatomic particles and is complete with the photon, because this absence of constraint can be positively associated with freedom/free will.
	www.arthuryoung.com /barr.html (6059 words)

	Focus
		In 1949 Murray L. Barr and E.G. Bertram described a small darkly staining body that was present in the somatic cells of female cats.
		It was subsequently named the “Barr Body” and could be observed most easily in cells scraped from the lining of the mouth (buccal cells).
		The reason that Barr bodies are not found in every cell in women is simply due to the limitations of a two dimensional microscope.
	www.eighthfloor.org /academy/ahumes/genetics/teacfoc.html (1611 words)

	Sex Chromosomes
		However, a dense, stainable structure, called a Barr body (after its discoverer) is seen in the interphase nuclei of female mammals.
		The Barr body is one of the X chromosomes.
		In a given cell, which of a female's X chromosomes becomes inactivated and converted into a Barr body is a matter of chance (except in marsupials like the kangaroo, where it is always the father's X chromosome that is inactivated).
	home.comcast.net /~john.kimball1/BiologyPages/S/SexChromosomes.html (1651 words)

	Merriam-Webster Online
		1 a : the main part of a plant or animal body especially as distinguished from limbs and head :
		3 a : a mass of matter distinct from other masses body of water> b : something that embodies or gives concrete reality to a thing; also : a sensible object in physical space c :
		4 a : the part of a garment covering the body or trunk b : the main part of a literary or journalistic work :
	www.merriam-webster.com /cgi-bin/thesaurus?body (267 words)

	Pedigree Analysis
		X chromosomes are inactivated to form Barr bodies both at random and, effectively, irreversibly.
		Since the information found on each of the two X chromosomes is not necessary identical, Barr body formation leads to individual cells in a females body effectively being genetically of only one of two types, depending on which X chromosome was inactivated.
		That is, a female's body consists of a mixture of cells each having had different X chromosomes inactivated.
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/biol1125.htm (3535 words)

	TIME.com: The Significance of a Dark Spot -- Mar. 19, 1965 -- Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		But each X chromosome packs many other chemically coded instructions for the body; if both a woman's Xs remained active throughout life, she would be flooded with a double quota of some blood-clotting factors, enzymes and other vital proteins.
		Later research showed that the spots, now known as "Barr bodies" or sex chromatin, consisted of one X chromosome —; the one that is inactivated after it has done its job of helping to determine femaleness.
		The absence of Barr bodies in some of the cancer cells suggested that those cells had been, in effect, partly defeminized.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,833585,00.html (790 words)

	Barr and Barr - Our Work
		Barr and Barr’s portfolio is testimony to our commitment to quality construction.
		We view each project as an opportunity to exceed our client’s expectations and our clients benefit from Barr and Barr’s 79 years of building experience.
		We are proud of our body of work and the longstanding commitment to quality it represents.
	www.barrandbarr.com /index.cfm/OurWork (111 words)

	Andrew Vitale - UF Journal of Undergraduate Research Scholar Profile
		The Barr body is seen in the interphase nuclei of female cells and represents the inactive X chromosomes.
		Assuming we have a man who has received a bone marrow transplantation from a woman, then a CEC that stains with the Barr body antibody implies that it is derived from the bone marrow.
		A CEC that does not stain with the Barr body antibody implies that this cell is derived from the vasculature.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /jur/200406/profiles/vitale.html (493 words)

	Concepts of Biology
		Mary Lyon first observed that in normal females only one X chromosome remains active, any others are inactivated during development (after about 10 embryonic divisions).
		The inactivated X chromosome forms a small dark staining spot in nucleus, called a Barr body.
		Barr body number: XX - 1 Barr body; XXX - 2 barr bodies; XXY - 1 Barr body; XYY - no Barr body; XY - no Barr body.
	employees.csbsju.edu /ssaupe/biol115/meiosis.htm (1951 words)

	Steven Hauser - UF Journal of Undergraduate Research Scholar Profile
		In females, one X-chromosome becomes a condensed body of chromatin to the perimeter of the nucleus, called a Barr body.
		The unique nuclear environment makes it impossible to isolate a Barr body from purified nuclei, so that alternate methods of studying the structure are necessary.
		Each positive clone will be subjected to further screening to demonstrate that the protein is associated with the Barr body.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /jur/200503/profiles/hauser.html (398 words)

	Histone H3 lysine 9 methylation is an epigenetic imprint of facultative heterochromatin - Nature Genetics
		Barr, M.L. and Bertram, E.G. A morphological distinction between neurones of the male and female, and the behaviour of the nucleolar satellite during accelerated nucleoprotein synthesis.
		Costanzi, C. and Pherson, J.R. Histone macroH2A1 is concentrated in the inactive X chromosome of female mammals.
		Higher concentrations of histone macroH2A in the Barr body are correlated with higher nucleosome density.
	www.nature.com /ng/journal/v30/n1/full/ng789.html (2416 words)

	Barr Plastic Surgery - Sudbury Ontario
		Barr Plastic Surgery is the most advanced private surgical facility in Northern Ontario.
		Since opening his practice in 1995, over 28,000 clients have trusted the expertise of Dr. Scott Barr and his highly trained staff to enhance their appearance and self confidence.
		His devotion to patients and their aesthetic results has earned Dr. Barr a reputation as a caring and skilled surgeon who pays meticulous attention to the individual needs of each client.
	www.barrplasticsurgery.com (184 words)

	Miami magazine: Class Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Barr is a resident herpetologist for National Geographic and hosts the National Geographic Channel’s Reptile Wild, a weekly television series that follows him through the marshes of places like Cambodia, Sumatra, and Papua, New Guinea, as he seeks out the toothy carnivore.
		By the end of this year, Barr expects to be the first person to capture all 23 species in the wild.
		At the lab, Barr examines the animal’s DNA for toxins and environmental pollutants.
	www.miami.edu /miami-magazine/fall03/classnotes.html (5081 words)

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