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Topic: Barringer (Lunar crater)

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	Impact crater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		An impact crater (impact basin, astrobleme or sometimes crater) is a circular or oval depression on a surface, usually referring to a planet, moon, asteroid, or other celestial body, caused by a collision of a smaller body (meteor) with the surface.
		Ancient craters whose relief has disappeared leaving only a "ghost" of a crater are known as palimpsests.
		Few underwater craters have been discovered because of the difficulty of surveying the sea floor; the rapid rate of change of the ocean bottom; and the subduction of the ocean floor into the Earth's interior by processes of plate tectonics.
	en.encyclopediahome.com /wiki/Impact_crater (1976 words)

	Meteor Crater - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The crater is somewhat misnamed, as it was actually excavated by a meteorite, not a meteor.
		Barringer and his partner, the mathematician and physicist Benjamin C. Tilghman, documented the evidence for the impact theory in papers presented to the U.S. Geological Survey in 1906 and published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia.
		Barringer's arguments met with skepticism, as there was a general reluctance at the time to consider the role of meteorites in terrestrial geology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Barringer_Crater (1401 words)

	AN INTRODUCTION TO IMPACT CRATERS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Crater formation can be thought of as an energy transfer mechanism where the kinetic energy of the impactor is transferred into heat, fracturing and displacement of the target rocks.
		The crater diameter (measured across the top of the rim) is 6.5 km and the crater depth (measured from the top of the rim to the centre of the floor) is 1.3 km.
		Clusters or chains of secondary craters are frequently observed with “V” shaped ejecta ridges leading away from the craters due to the sequential landing of the fragments.
	luna.tau.ac.il /~tomer/staff/morris/NewSite/Chapter2/craters.htm (1262 words)

	Wikinfo \| Crater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		In the center of craters on Earth a crater lake often accumulates, and in craters formed by meteorites a central island (caused by rebounding crustal rock after the impact) is usually a prominent feature in the lake.
		Daniel Barringer was one of the first to identify a geological structure as an impact crater, but at the time his ideas were not widely accepted, and when they were, there was no recognition of the fact that Earth impacts are common in geological terms.
		Few underwater craters have been discovered because of the difficulty of surveying the sea floor; the rapid rate of change of the ocean bottom; and the "subduction" of the ocean floor into the Earth's interior by processes of continental drift.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Crater (1208 words)

	Terrestrial Impact Craters Slide Set
		Meteor Crater (also known as Barringer Crater), Arizona, with a diameter of approximately 1.2 kilometers, was the first terrestrial impact crater (slides #10 and #11) to be recognized as such.
		In larger craters, however, gravity causes the initially steep crater walls to collapse downward and inward, forming a complex structure with a central peak or peak ring and a shallower depth compared to diameter (1:10 to 1:20) (slide #1, bottom).
		The cratering process is traditionally divided into three stages: The contact and compression stage begins when the impactor hits the ground and initiates a shock wave that travels into the target and into the impactor, compressing the target and generating shock metamorphic effects.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /publications/slidesets/craters (1908 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Crater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Complex craters have a raised central peak surrounded by a trough and a fractured rim.
		Crater Lake, 20 sq mi (52 sq km), lies in a huge pit that was created when the top of a prehistoric volcano was blown off by a violent eruption.
		Craters of the Moon National Monument CRATERS OF THE MOON NATIONAL MONUMENT [Craters of the Moon National Monument] 53,440 acres (21,636 hectares), S central Idaho; est.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Crater (649 words)

	Barringer Meteorite Crater * Meteorites Craters and Impacts
		Recognizing that the Crater is a unique natural land-mark of great scientific importance, strong public interest, and significant educational value, it is the company's long-held policy to maintain the property in as nearly a natural state as possible and to ensure appropriate and controlled access to it by the general public.
		Barringer's attempts to convince the scientific community of the truth of his theory were, of course, intimately connected with his growing need to raise capital for continued drilling.
		The Barringer Meteorite Crater (also known as "Meteor Crater") is a gigantic hole in the middle of the arid sandstone of the Arizona desert.
	www.barringercrater.com /science (10017 words)

	Meteor Crater * Barringer Crater Impact Site
		The first was that the crater was created by the impact of a giant meteorite; the second, that it was the result of an explosion of superheated steam, caused by volcanic activity far below the surface.
		In 1923, Barringer's 12-year-old son Richard published an article in Popular Astronomy, using his father's rifle experiments to argue for the impact origin of the lunar craters; Barringer himself repeated the arguments a short time later in the Scientific American.
		The conclusive arguments in the lunar debate were provided by astronomers such as A. Gifford, who demonstrated that the force of an impact at astronomical speeds would result in the explosion of the meteorite.
	www.barringercrater.com /lite/meteorite/crater.htm (2127 words)

	Terrestrial Impact Craters
		Impact craters are geologic structures formed when a large meteoroid, asteroid or comet smashes into a planet or a satellite.
		In larger craters, however, gravity causes the initially steep crater walls to collapse downward and inward, forming a complex structure with a central peak or peak ring and a shallower depth compared to diameter (1:10 to 1:20).
		Chemical, isotopic, and age studies demonstrate that the crater is the most probable source for the Ivory Coast tektites, which are found on land in the Ivory Coast region of central Africa and as microtektites in nearby ocean sediments.
	www.solarviews.com /span/tercrate.htm (2400 words)

	Barringer Meteor Crater \| World of Earth Science
		In solving the mystery surrounding the origin of the Barringer crater, geologists and astronomers made substantial progress in understanding the dynamic interplay of gradual and cataclysmic geologic processes both on Earth and on extra-terrestrial bodies.
		After carefully examining the crater, Gilbert concluded that, in the absence of the evidence he assumed would be associated with a meteor impact, the crater had resulted from subterranean activity.
		Barringer and his 12-year-old son set out to experiment with the formation of such craters by firing bullets into clumps of rock and mud.
	www.bookrags.com /research/barringer-meteor-crater-woes-01 (1540 words)

	Catalog Page for PIA03212
		Barringer Crater, also known as "Meteor Crater," is a 1,300-meter (0.8 mile) diameter, 174-meter (570-feet) deep hole in the flat-lying desert sandstones 30 kilometers (18.6 miles) west of Winslow, Arizona.
		It shows the crater much as a lunar crater might appear through a telescope.
		The ejecta blanket around the crater appears somewhat lighter than the surrounding terrain, perhaps in part due to its altered mineralogic content.
	photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov /catalog/PIA03212 (225 words)

	Barringer
		Barringer, B. 1964 Daniel Moreau Barringer (1860-1929) and his crater (The beginning of the Crater Branch of Meteoritics).
		Fahey, J.J. 1964 Recovery of coesite and stishovite from Coconino sandstone of Meteor Crater, Arizona.
		Foster, G.E. 1957 The Barringer (Arizona) meteorite crater.
	www.unb.ca /passc/ImpactDatabase/images/barringer.htm (2682 words)

	Herman Leroy Fairchild: promotor/defender of meteorite impact cratering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Barringer and his partner, Tilghman, were anxious to share their ideas with Fairchild since they had heard of his plans to read a paper about Coon Butte at the upcoming GSA meeting in New York.
		Barringer believed the iron shales were produced by heat as the iron meteor passed through the atmosphere, and formed part of the luminous tail of the meteor.
		The article stated lunar craters were created by impact and were "ocular confirmation" that "planets were built by cold accretion" which "implies acceptance of the planetesimal hypothesis".
	www.rasny.org /Publications/FairchildWebFeatureArt.htm (8195 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Multimedia: Gallery: Meteor Crater
		Meteor Crater is one of the youngest and best-preserved impact craters on Earth.
		The crater formed in layered Paleozoic age sedimentary rocks, some of which are exposed in the nearby Grand Canyon.
		The crater is named for Daniel Moreau Barringer, a mining entrepeneur who championed an impact origin for the crater early in the 20th.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=789 (330 words)

	Canyon Diablo Meteorite
		G.K Gilbert, an eminent geologist of the time and the first to suggest meteoritic origin of lunar craters, concluded that the Canyon Diablo crater was the result of a steam explosion.
		Barringer died in 1929 and the high cost and ambiguous results of Barringer's efforts led investors in his company to seek reexamination of the premise of a large buried mass.
		He studied the area around the crater and mapped a large are to the northeast of the crater were tiny spherical droplets of condensed iron can be found.
	www.alaska.net /~meteor/CDinfo.htm (1269 words)

	ASE: USA Gallery 2 : Barringer Meteorite Crater, Arizona, USA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The crater is 1.2 kilometres in diameter, and 200 metres deep.
		The Barringer Crater was one of the official centres by NASA for training Apollo astronauts.
		The photograph of the whole crater was taken by D.Roddy of the Lunar Planetary Institute.
	www.webschool.org.uk /scitravel/meteor.htm (587 words)

	Is the Solar System's Cratering Really Meteoritic?
		If the lunar craters are studied in detail it is possible to observe that many have a pronounced polygonal shaping to them.
		The only really earthly equivalent of a lunar crater is perhaps the caldera crater which is basically a volcano which has exploded.
		As bowl shaped hollows in the lunar dust (or regolith), it again would not be possible to explain their origin from geological processes and one wonders whether the meteoritic craters in their new form would actually look like this either.
	www.webspawner.com /users/craters (1407 words)

	Lecture 8a: The Moon
		Stages in the formation of an impact crater: (1) the impact; (b) the projectile vaporizes and a shock wave spreads through the lunar rock; (c) ejecta are thrown out of the crater; and (d) most of the ejected material falls back to form secondary craters, rays, and the ejecta blanket.
		Craters come in all sizes depending on the speed and size of incoming meteorite.
		Lunar volcanism is essentially the story of the Maria.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~nowack/geos105/lect8-dir/lecture8.htm (2684 words)

	Lunar Cataclysm Page 1
		Analyses of lunar samples collected by Apollo astronauts revealed a surprising feature: the crust of the Moon seems to have been severely heated ~3.9 billion years ago, metamorphosing the rocks in it.
		Observations of impact craters on the Moon indicate that >1,700 impact craters with diameters >20 km were produced during the cataclysm.
		That is, impact craters the size of continents were being produced on the Earth.
	www.lpl.arizona.edu /SIC/impact_cratering/lunar_cataclysm (1068 words)

	Meteor Crater - Interactive Learning Center
		Crater View ~ Daniel Barringer's sectional view of Meteor Crater including 1376 foot deep shaft at base used in an attempt to locate the non-existent primary meteorite.
		Craters of the Moon ~ Major craters can be spotted with ordinary binoculars.
		Have your picture taken with a lunar module pilot in a simulation of the floor of the crater.
	www.meteorcrater.com /visitorcenter/mcilc.htm (739 words)

	Ask an Astronomer Answer Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The Barringer Meteor Crater in Arizona appears oval.
		You are right that the most often-published image of the Barringer Crater
		this vantage point the crater is virtually round.
	www.ucolick.org /~mountain/AAA/answers/comets/ca18.html (170 words)

	Crater Classification Interactive Lesson
		Terrestrial impact craters compiled by Christian Koeberl and Virgil L. Sharpton
		NASA JSC - Impact craters on the planets
		Spacewatch at the lunar and planetary laboratory of the University of Arizona
	www.smv.org /jims/crater/links.htm (115 words)

	Principal Lunar Craters
		Adapted from the Lunar Nomenclature Database published by the U.S. Geological Survey Flagstaff Field Center.
		The following table lists all named lunar craters greater than 50 kilometres in diameter.
		Click on the crater name to view the Moon centred on that crater.
	www.fourmilab.ch /earthview/lunarform/cratallp.html (1232 words)

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