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Topic: Bartolomeo Cristofori

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	Seeya Bartolomeo Cristofori Page
		Cristofori achieved this effect by replacing the plucking mechanism of the harpsichord with a hammer action capable of striking the strings with greater or lesser force.
		(A three-keyboard harpsichord dated 1702, sometimes attributed to Cristofori and bearing the arms of Ferdinando, is preserved at the Stearns Collection at the University of Michigan.) Cristofori apparently invented the piano around 1709, and, according to contemporary sources, four of his pianos existed in 1711.
		In 1713 Ferdinando died, and Cristofori remained in the service of the Grand Duke, Cosimo III, later (1716) becoming responsible for the care of an instrument collection assembled by Ferdinando; of 84 instruments, 7 were harpsichords or spinets of Cristofori's manufacture.
	www.geocities.com /Hollywood/Hills/1197/bartolomeo.html (310 words)

	Bartolomeo Cristofori
		Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco (May 4, 1655 - January 27, 1731) was an Italian maker of musical instruments, he is famous as the inventor of the piano.
		He was born in Padua and became known as a harpsichord and spinet[?] maker.
		The lack of the metal frame meant that the Cristofori instrument could not produce an especially loud tone, contemporaries found it heavy to use and with a weaker sound than the harpsichord.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Bartolomeo_Cristofori.html (192 words)

	Bartolomeo Cristofori Summary
		Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco (May 4, 1655 - January 27, 1731) was an Italian maker of musical instruments, generally regarded as the inventor of the piano.
		Cristofori was born in Padua in the Republic of Venice.
		Cristofori's principle continues to be applied in modern pianos, where the now-enormous string tension (up to 20 tons) is borne by a separate iron frame (the "plate").
	www.bookrags.com /Bartolomeo_Cristofori (5072 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Bartolomeo Cristofori
		Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco (May 4, 1655 - January 27, 1731) was an Italian maker of musical instruments, generally regarded as the inventor of the piano.
		Cristofori was born in Padua in the Republic of Venice.
		Cristofori's principle continues to be applied in modern pianos, where the now-enormous string tension (up to 20 tons) is borne by a separate iron frame (the "plate").
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Bartolomeo_Cristofori (3705 words)

	The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) \| Thematic Essay \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan ...
		The first true piano was invented almost entirely by one man—Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, who had been appointed in 1688 to the Florentine court of Grand Prince Ferdinando de' Medici to care for its harpsichords and eventually for its entire collection of musical instruments.
		The Metropolitan's Cristofori, the oldest surviving piano, is in a plain wing-shaped case, outwardly resembling a harpsichord.
		Cristofori's invention was initially slow to catch on in Italy, but five pianos by Cristofori or his pupil Giovanni Ferrini were purchased by Queen Maria Barbara de Braganza of Spain, patron and student of Domenico Scarlatti (1685–1757).
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/cris/hd_cris.htm (1101 words)

	Cristofori's Dream (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Cristofori's work elicited little notice in his home country, where opera dominated public interest, and he died without fanfare at the age of 76 in 1731.
		We all owe Cristofori a debt of gratitude, and this album is dedicated to him, a great inventor whom history has overlooked.
		"Cristofori's Dream" is played with an understated, music-box quality, but is augmented by marvelous sonics which seem to actually place the listener in the center of a large concert hall with the performer on stage, immersed in his music.
	www.davidlanz.com /new/albums/cristofori.html (578 words)

	The conservation of the 1690 spinetta ovale by Bartolomeo Cristofori, Accademia delle belle Arte, Florence archaeology ...
		Cristofori is generally best known for his invention of the forerunner of the modern piano.
		Firstly it demonstrates that Cristofori manages to carry out the design of the instrument such that the scalings are Pythagorean in the treble (that is that they double in length with each octave drop in pitch and so they therefore follow a straight line on this semi-logarithmic graph).
		However, unlike the normal virginals with which we are all familiar, these virginals by Cristofori have alternate strings placed on either side of the instrument with the longest strings placed centrally along an axis defined by the two points at the apex of the curved ends.
	www.claviantica.com /Publications_files/Cristofori_conservation.htm (3633 words)

	Bartolomeo Cristofori and Giovanni Ferrini working as restorers of Neapolitan harpsichords: Russell Collection of Early ...
		Bartolomeo Cristofori is one of the greatest names in the field of keyboard instrument making of all time.
		Although Cristofori’s name is well-known as the first to design a successful and efficient piano action, his skills as a harpsichord builder and as a restorer of old, earlier instrument in order to bring them up to date with contemporary instruments are less well recognised.
		This shows that Cristofori paid close attention to ensuring that the string scalings of his instruments had Pythagorean scalings which doubled in length with each octave drop in pitch as far down in the compass as was possible, and in this case right down to tenor c.
	www.claviantica.com /Publications_files/Cristofori_Naples.htm (3696 words)

	CRISTOFORI, INVENTOR OF THE PIANO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		From 1690 until his death Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731) went to work at the court of Prince Ferdinand de' Medici in Florence as a designer and custodian of keyboard Instruments.
		Cristofori's "piano e forte was a combination of harpsichord shape and power with almost clavichord expressiveness.
		Unfortunately, Cristofori' s design for the action was so complex that subsequent builders greatly simplified It for economy resulting In a less efficient system which was not widely accepted.
	www.cantos.org /Piano/History/cristofori.html (441 words)

	Bartolomeo Cristofori - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Bartolomeo Cristofori - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Cristofori, Bartolomeo di Francesco, full name Bartolomeo di Francesco Cristofori (1665–1731), Italian harpsichord maker, inventor of the piano.
		Eustachio, Bartolomeo (1520?-1574), Italian anatomist, a founder of modern anatomy.
	encarta.msn.com /Bartolomeo_Cristofori.html (80 words)

	Cristofori's Dream
		In 1709 in Florence, Italy, a harpsichord builder named Bartolomeo Cristofori completed work on what is regarded as the first piano.
		Cristofori's work elicited little notice in his home country, where opera dominated public interest, and he died without fanfare at the age of 76 in 1731.
		We all owe Cristofori a debt of gratitude, and this album is dedicated to him, a great inventor whom history has overlooked.
	www.earthsongonline.com /CD_Cristoforis_Dream.htm (292 words)

	Bartolomeo Cristofori - Definition, explanation
		Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco (May 4, 1655 - January 27, 1731) was an Italian maker of musical instruments, and is most remembered for inventing what would become the modern-day piano.
		He was born in Padua and became known as a harpsichord and spinet maker.
		However, his instrument lacked the addition of a metal frame, which meant that the Cristofori instrument could not produce an especially loud tone.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/b/ba/bartolomeo_cristofori.php (341 words)

	Bartolomeo Cristofori (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		There are many records of payments to Cristofori for moving, tuning and dealing with keyboard instruments: however, there are no records of anyone buying pianofortes from him.
		Cristofori’s position at the court was embellished to include more than his original Instrument Maker position.
		The appointment of Cristofori to Virtuosi da Camera suggests that he had musical talent that was valuable among the court.
	axe.acadiau.ca /~080821e/bart.htm (304 words)

	Bartolomeo Cristofori, Inventor of the Piano - Timeline Index
		Bartolomeo Cristofori, Inventor of the Piano - Timeline Index
		Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco was an Italian maker of musical instruments, and is most remembered for inventing what would become the modern-day piano.
		However, his instrument lacked the addition of a metal frame, which meant that the Cristofori instrument could not produce an especially loud tone.
	www.timelineindex.com /content/view/1477 (265 words)

	PIANO PAGE - Piano Technicians Guild - Everything about Pianos, Tuning, Service, Repair, History, Find a Technician (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		But it was Bartolomeo Cristofali (Cristofori), of Padua, keeper of instruments in the court of Prince Ferdinand de Medici of Florence, who actually solved the problem.
		This was probably Cristofori's first pianoforte, although it has been suggested that he made a prototype as early as 1694.
		The string and soundboard assembly had been in existence for many years prior to Cristofori's work, but Cristofori managed to develop an effective mechanism that took the downward pressure on a key and used it to 'project' a small hammer towards the strings.
	www.ptg.org /resources-historyOfPianos-cristofori.php (392 words)

	Musikinstrumentenmuseum » Blog Archive » Bartolomeo Cristofori
		Bartolomeo Cristofori was active in Padua until 1687.
		From April 1st, 1698 on, he was employed with a fixed salary at the court of Ferdinand de Medici; from 1761 he held the post of curator of the court's instrument collection Cristofori experimented, along with other instrument makers at the end of the 17th century, with a new type of keyboard instrument.
		The idea was to replace the harpsichord's plectra, which plucked the instrument's strings (giving the player no control over dynamics), with hammers, which would strike the strings.
	www.uni-leipzig.de /~musikins/mim/en/index.php?p=158 (141 words)

	Bartolomeo Cristofori
		Der Artikel Bartolomeo Cristofori gehört zur Kategorie: Mann, Italiener, Instrumentenbauer, Geboren 1655, Gestorben 1731
		Zwischen 1698 und 1700 begann Cristofori die Arbeit an einer neuen Anschlagsmechanik, die ein dynamisches Spiel erlauben würde.
		Cristofori blieb auch nach dem Tod von Ferdinand 1713 an der großherzoglichen Werkstatt, fertigte weitere Fortepianos an und verfeinerte ihre Technik.
	www.weblexikon.de /Bartolomeo_Cristofori.html (281 words)

	History of the Piano - Music Masters, Inc.
		The piano or pianoforte is a musical instrument whose sound is produced by vibrating strings struck by felt hammers that are controlled from a keyboard.
		The first piano was made c.1709 by Bartolomeo Cristofori, a Florentine maker of harpsichords, who called his instrument gravicembalo col piano e forte.
		(One of the two existing Cristofori pianos is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.,N.Y.C.) It differed from the harpsichord in that by varying the touch one could vary the volume and duration of tone.
	www.music2master.com /piano.html (439 words)

	DENZIL WRAIGHT - Cristofori's fortepiano
		However well Cristofori may be known as the inventor of the piano action, the performance of his instruments is little known even in specialist musical circles.
		Cristofori's developed action in the 1722 and 1726 fortepianos is a little heavier than the Viennese Prellmechanik action of the 1790s, which is partly explained by the longer hammer shank.
		In Cristofori's developed action the keylevers are a little shorter than in his earlier 1720 instrument (which design formed the basis of the Portugese fortepiano), much shorter than in Viennese actions, but have a different balance point which makes the touch slightly heavier and thereby faster.
	www.denzilwraight.com /crisfp.htm (1251 words)

	Essay: BOOK 1: THE PIANO HANDBOOK In this book McCombie explains how Bartolomeo Cristofori changed a Harpsichord in to ...
		McCombie goes on describing how when Cristofori was angry and frustrated he banged on the keys of the Harpsichord.
		Cristofori found that they didn't respond with satisfactory crashing chords.
		By the year 1700 Cristofori changed the Harpsichord so that he could use two strings for each note and a set of leather covered hammers to strike them.
	www.coursework.info /A2_and_A-Level/Music/BOOK_1_THE_PIANO_HANDBOOK_In_this_book_McCombie_explains_L105875.html (259 words)

	Made by Bartolomeo Cristofori / Grand piano / 1720
		Bartolomeo Cristofori was the first person to create a successful hammer-action keyboard instrument and, accordingly, deserves to be credited as the inventor of the piano.
		About 1700 he began to work on an instrument on which the player could achieve changes in loudness solely by changing the force with which the keys were struck.
		Cristofori's hammer mechanism is so well designed and made that no other of comparable sensitivity and reliability was devised for another seventy-five years.
	www.davidrumsey.com /amico/amico296833-106086.html (453 words)

	pnovar.htm
		It should, if you are one of the vast legion of professional and amateur pianists of the last 250-odd years who have toiled over those exasperating fl and white levers in order to bring beautiful music to life.
		Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731), instrument maker to the court of Ferdinand de Medici in Florence, Italy, invented the piano almost by accident.
		What Cristofori did, in order to obtain volume control through direct finger action, was to do away with plucking the string altogether and substitute hitting it; and in doing so, some time between 1693 and 1700, he managed to invent a whole new instrument.
	www.nmsu.edu /~muzine/pnovarht.htm (1738 words)

	DENZIL WRAIGHT - Florentine harpsichords
		Cristofori is one of the best known of all instrument makers on account of his invention of the piano action.
		This harpsichord was made as a pair to the Cristofori fortepiano (seen here in its gesso ground and with a stand borrowed from the fortepiano; the inside of the case above the soundboard is due to be painted with Venetian red pigment, the outside green.
		The 1785 Antunes harpsichord was evidently based on a Cristofori design and we may infer that the instruments Cristofori supplied to the court of King João V in Portugal provided a model which native Portugese makers then followed.
	www.denzilwraight.com /florentine.htm (910 words)

	CRISTOFORI-GUARDI
		The instrument has two 8-foot brass choirs and a compass of C-ddd.
		The structure of this unsigned harpsichord bears a close relationship to the early gravicembalo con forte e piano of Cristofori, the inventor of the first successful piano action - Jensen, 1995-1998.
		This harpsichord is a virtual twin save for compass and decoration to a harpsichord in the University of Leipzig collection, Leipzig 89, which has been identified by Henkel as coming from the Cristofori workshop - The Historical Harpsichord, Vol 3, Bartolomeo Cristofori as Harpsichord Maker, p.3, Hubert Henkel.
	www.harpsichord-man.com /cristofori_guardi.html (655 words)

	ABC - L'Accademia
		L’Accademia Bartolomeo Cristofori, fondata a Firenze nel 1989 per iniziativa di un gruppo di amici appassionati di musica e di strumenti antichi, ha avuto come obiettivo proprio quello di creare un centro, unico in Italia, dedicato
		Naturalmente vi erano molti ostacoli alla formazione di quella che doveva divenire l’Accademia Bartolomeo Cristofori, non ultimo l’argomento finanziario.
		Nel 1993 l’Accademia Bartolomeo Cristofori è stata insignita del prestigioso premio “Franco Abbiati” dalla Società dei Critici Musicali Italiani come migliore istituzione musicale italiana per le sue iniziative culturali.
	www.accademiacristofori.it /LAccademia.htm (461 words)

	ABC - Il Fortepiano - storia
		Il fortepiano, nome con il quale si usa convenzionalmente chiamare il pianoforte nei suoi primi anni di vita, fu ideato e costruito proprio a Firenze attorno al 1700 da Bartolomeo Cristofori, geniale artigiano padovano al servizio del Principe Ferdinando de’ Medici, e fu lo strumento prediletto da Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann...
		E’ in questa ottica che negli ultimi cinquanta anni il rinnovato interesse per una lettura filologica della produzione musicale del periodo classico e romantico ha portato alla riscoperta, alla rivalutazione e al recupero del fortepiano non più e non soltanto come reperto museale, ma come arnese della musica.
		Gli strumenti presenti all'Accademia Bartolomeo Cristofori, sono opera di alcuni tra i più celebrati costruttori viennesi.
	www.accademiacristofori.it /IlFortepiano/IlFortepiano.htm (389 words)

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