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Topic: Barton Springs Salamander

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	City of Austin - Barton Springs Salamander - HCP
		Barton Springs is the main discharge point for the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer.
		In the main pool, City of Austin surveys indicate that salamanders are found primarily near the spring outlets, the fissures area west of the diving board, and the beach area on the north side of the pool.
		The Barton Springs Zone consists of the Recharge Zone where rainfall and surface water enter the Edwards Aquifer and the Contributing Zone that lies upstream of the recharge zone from which stormwater runoff enters the recharge zone.
	www.ci.austin.tx.us /salamander/hcp3.htm (3605 words)

	Barton Springs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Barton Springs are four natural springs located on the grounds of Zilker Park in Austin, Texas.
		All four springs are the only known home of the Barton Springs Salamander, an endangered species which has received attention from Austin's media and popular culture.
		Barton Springs is the main discharge point for the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer of Texas, one of the most famous karst aquifers in the world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Barton_Springs (810 words)

	City of Austin - Parks and Recreation Department: Barton Springs
		Millions of years ago Barton Springs, the fourth largest natural springs in the state, was created as a result of a landshift that created the Balcones Fault.
		Barton Springs Pool has been a popular swimming hole for decades, but even more people showed up once it became part of a city park in 1917.
		The salamander is lungless and relies on a pair of conspicuous red gills located behind the head for effiecient gas exchange.
	www.ci.austin.tx.us /parks/bartonsprings.htm (983 words)

	Barton Springs Pool (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Barton Springs Pool is a man-made swimming pool located on the grounds of Zilker Park in Austin, Texas.
		The pool exists in the creek channel of Barton Creek and is filled by water from Main Barton Spring, the fourth largest spring in Texas.
		Long before Barton Spring Pool existed, its springs were considered sacred by the Tonkawa Native American tribe who inhabited the area, and were used for purification rituals.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/B/Barton-Springs-Pool.htm (772 words)

	Final Rule, Barton Springs Salamander, WAIS Document Retrieval, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Fish & Wildlife ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Barton Springs salamander is entirely aquatic and neotenic (meaning it does not metamorphose into a terrestrial form and retains its bright red external gills throughout life) and depends on a constant supply of clean, flowing water from Barton Springs.
		Barton Springs is also the main discharge point for the entire Barton Springs segment, and is one of the few perennial springs in the area.
		Because the Barton Springs salamander lives at the main discharge point for the aquifer and is continuously exposed to the waters emanating from it, it is a primary indicator of the health of this natural resource.
	www.fws.gov /endangered/r/fr97612.html (14733 words)

	ATSDR - Health Consultation - Barton Springs Pool, Austin, Travis County, Texas
		Barton Springs Pool is a 1.9 acre pool, fed from underground springs which discharge from the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer.
		Barton Springs Pool is a 1.9 acre pool, fed from underground springs that discharge from the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer.
		Barton Springs Pool is one of the only known habitats of the Barton Springs salamander (Eurycea sosorum) and on May 30, 1997 (62 FR 23377), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed the salamander as an endangered species.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /HAC/PHA/bartonsprings/bsp_p1.html (9322 words)

	USGS Fact Sheet 089-03
		Main Spring discharges from a series of orifices in the pool bottom, and the volume of water discharged by this outlet is by far the greatest of the four.
		Contaminant concentrations in discharging spring sediments were compared to those in suspended sediments collected by the USGS in stormflow from two creeks in the Barton Springs recharge zone during 2000-2002 as part of a cooperative program with the City of Austin.
		For arsenic, chromium, copper, and nickel, the median concentration in discharging spring sediment exceeded that in the surface-water sediments.
	pubs.usgs.gov /fs/fs-089-03/FS089-03.htm (2995 words)

	CBD - Letterhead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Barton Springs, located within sight of downtown Austin, is the largest spring-fed, natural bottom swimming hole in the country, and is enjoyed by over 340,000 people every year.
		Barton Springs Pool is a significant addition to Austin’s quality of life and an important tourist attraction.
		Barton Springs salamanders have been developing strange deformities and dying, which may be linked to pesticide pollution in their habitat.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/press/barton1-26-04.htm (727 words)

	Barton Springs Salamander -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Barton Springs Salamander (Eurycea sosorum) is a rare, (additional info and facts about endangered) endangered salamander that only lives in the environs of (additional info and facts about Barton Springs) Barton Springs in (additional info and facts about Austin, Texas) Austin, Texas.
		The species name is an acronym for "Save Our Springs", a group dedicated to preserving Barton Springs, plus a (Any dialect of the language of ancient Rome) Latin (The case expressing ownership) genitive plural ending.
		Despite inhabiting an urban area, the (Any of various typically terrestrial amphibians that resemble lizards and that return to water only to breed) salamander was not identified until 1993.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/barton_springs_salamander.htm (170 words)

	Environment News Service ENS Latest Environmental Information Education Current Issues RSS
		Water quality at Barton Springs, a tourist attraction near downtown Austin, is a critical issue for the capital city, which relies on the springs for part of its municipal water supply.
		Barton Springs is the largest spring fed, natural bottom swimming hole in the country, and is utilized by over 340,000 people every year.
		Back at Barton Springs, the conservationists are worried that atrazine and the five other pesticides of concern pose a risk not only to the salamanders but also to the people who swim at the springs.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/aug2005/2005-08-26-01.asp (1439 words)

	Austin is losing the battle to protect the Barton Springs salamander \| By Dan Oko \| Grist Magazine \| Main Dish \| 24 Apr ...
		At first blush, it hardly seems fair to compare the plight of the Barton Springs salamander to that of endangered species such as the fierce grizzly of the Northern Rockies or the no-longer-so-resilient salmon of the Pacific Northwest, totemic animals that characterize whole regions and spark national debate.
		After all, the Barton Springs salamander is a tiny creature, with full-grown adults measuring little more than two inches, and the salamander's range is only a few miles of stream running through the Texas capital of Austin.
		The hope was that the ordinance would preserve Barton Springs as a source of drinking water in this notoriously water-deprived state, as (in part) a swimming hole where thousands congregate during the summer to take a break from the hot Texas sun, and -- not incidentally -- as the home of the Barton Springs salamander.
	www.grist.org /news/maindish/2001/04/24/barton (1003 words)

	Barton Springs Interactive: The Barton Springs Salamander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The salamander is a five centimeter political lightning rod.
		So the Barton Springs Salamanders are aquatic their entire lives.
		"Since the salamander has evolved here at Barton Springs over thousands of years under relatively constant conditions, the threat of degradation of water quality, especially because of nonpoint source pollution I think is genuine.
	www.tec.org /bartonsprings/hansen_2.html (319 words)

	Austin, Texas, Barton Springs and Zilker Park.
		Barton Springs, actually a series of springs, emerges from fissures in the limestone at a rate of 26 million gallons per day.
		Barton Springs was still very much 'out in the country' at the time and getting there was an ordeal.
		In 1918 Zilker deeded the springs and a surrounding thirty-five acres to the city with the provision that it be used for education.
	www.texasescapes.com /SplashAcrossTexas/BartonSpringsTexas/BartonSpringsAustinTexas.htm (1620 words)

	Barton Springs, Austin, Texas' endangered natual resource
		An environmental debate over the springs has been raging since the late 1950s when the Parks and Recreation staff noticed trash and dead animals in the runoff coming from the Barton Hills subdivision, or what used to be the Rabb land, and high levels of fecal coliform.
		The endangered Barton Springs salamander survived the entire time that copper sulfate was used to clean the pool.
		It is unlikely that the salamanders are endangered by chemicals used in Barton Springs.
	www.texasescapes.com /SplashAcrossTexas/BartonSpringsTexas/BartonSprngsAustinTx8.htm (929 words)

	The Austin Chronicle Politics: Barton Springs Salamander
		Now he comes arguing that the city isn't doing enough to protect the Barton Springs Salamander, and that he and his clients are the true defenders of the little neotenic animal.
		Once that issue is resolved, Kleeman will likely ask for a permanent injunction, a move that could force the city to close Barton Springs for the rest of the summer or until the feds give the city a new permit under Section 10a of the Endangered Species Act.
		In addition, by attacking the city and the feds on the salamander issue, critics of the law are able to underscore their contention that the ESA, which is long overdue for Congressional reauthorization, is an unwieldy law that discourages conservation.
	www.austinchronicle.com /issues/vol17/issue40/pols.salamander.html (1530 words)

	City of Austin - Barton Springs Salamander Home Page
		Also of concern is disturbance to the salamander's surface habitat in the pools where it occurs.
		All of the known surface habitats of the Barton Springs salamander are found within Zilker Park.
		To ensure the continued well-being of the Barton Springs salamander, the Watershed Protection Department and the Parks and Recreation Department of the City of Austin agreed upon guidelines for the management of the surface habitats of the salamander, which include Barton Springs, Eliza Springs, Sunken Gardens Springs, and Upper Barton Springs.
	www.ci.austin.tx.us /salamander (259 words)

	Soluble Pesticides in Barton Springs
		Barton Springs, located within sight of downtown Austin highrises, is the fourth largest spring in Texas.
		Barton Springs provides a part of Austin’s municipal water supply: water from Barton Springs discharges into the Colorado River about 0.6 kilometer (km) upstream of one of Austin’s three water supply plants, at times contributing more than 90 percent of flow in this section of the Colorado River (Slade and others, 1986).
		The Barton Springs salamander (Eurycea sosorum), listed as an endangered species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, lives only in Barton Springs and is vulnerable to changes in water quality (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1997).
	tx.usgs.gov /reports/dist/dist-2000-02 (331 words)

	BIO-WEST, Inc. - Resource Sections --> Analysis and Permitting --> Northern Hays and Southwestern Travis Counties ...
		A major Austin attraction, the Barton Springs swimming pool is fed by Barton Creek, an ephemeral drainage of Barton Springs, home of the endangered Barton Springs salamander.
		The springs originate in the Edwards Aquifer and have several openings in and around lower Barton Creek within Zilker Park.
		The major spring outflows are located within the channel of Barton Creek, an ephemeral drainage, but that portion of the creek has been dammed to create a pool for swimming and other human water recreation.
	www.bio-west.com /html/anyls_permit_hays_travis.html (533 words)

	Texas Endangered Species Policy, Part II: Salamander Wars
		The Jollyville Plateau Salamander has a slightly larger distribution in northwestern Travis Co. and adjacent parts of southern Williamson Co. Both species depend on clean water and this makes them vulnerable to spills of toxic substances and polluted run-off from suburban lawns and roadways.
		(25) Despite this opinion, the Barton Springs Salamander Conservation Team was terminated in March 1997 when a federal court discovered the superficial nature of the Conservation Agreement and found it deficient as a means to protect the salamander from extinction.
		Continued delays in instituting constructive protective measures for salamanders and other Austin area endangered species recently generated a notice of intent to sue FWS for its failure to enforce restrictions against endangered species habitat destruction in the Barton Creek watershed.
	www.txpeer.org /Bush/Salamander_Wars.html (2786 words)

	Atrazine Effects Determination for the Barton Springs Salamander \| Pesticides \| US EPA
		The Agency is releasing its effects determination for atrazine as it relates to the Barton Springs salamander.
		The Settlement Agreement in the Barton Springs salamander case is available at http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/cb/csb_page/updates/bartons-agreemt.htm.
		The federal government negotiated a settlement in this case that committed the Agency to review the potential effects of six pesticide active ingredients on the endangered Barton Springs salamander and if adverse effects are expected, to initiate "consultation" with FWS under provisions of the ESA.
	www.epa.gov /oppfead1/cb/csb_page/updates/atrazine-determination.htm (411 words)

	USGS Texas -- Barton Springs Groundwater Characterization Project
		The Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer, a karst ground-water system located in southern Travis and northern Hays counties, provides vital water resources to the people of Austin and to endemic species, including the Barton Springs salamander (Eurycea sosorum, a federally-listed endangered species).
		The principal objective of this project is to produce a comprehensive characterization of water quality in the Barton Springs portion of the Edwards Aquifer.
		Because the springs are integrators of spatial and temporal variations within the aquifer, sampling will focus on discharge from the four orifices of Barton Springs under both baseflow and stormflow conditions.
	tx.usgs.gov /aquifer/bartonsprings.html (401 words)

	Endangered Species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		We believe that current and future threats to the water quality at Barton Springs may be jeopardizing the continued existence of the salamander.
		The ecosystem, upon which the Barton Springs salamander depends, is the Barton Springs watershed.
		The water that flows from Barton Springs originates as rainfall on the lands in the contributing and recharge zones of the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer (Enclosure One).
	www.recaonline.com /docs/endangered_ltr.html (1315 words)

	News 8 Austin \| 24 Hour Local News \| TOP STORIES
		The endangered Barton Springs salamander is coming back to life, and city scientists are excited about their findings.
		The salamander is still considered endangered, but scientists believe that can change in the future.
		City scientists say the salamander is found at four different springs, and they plan to concentrate on one other spring to see if they can replenish the salamander there.
	www.news8austin.com /content/top_stories?ArID=100670&addvid=20029 (241 words)

	CS373 Entropy Studios (Team 08-2) Software Requirements Specification Version 2.0 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		For a non-reader, the manipulation of the salamander will appeal to the children while the adults accompanying the child will be able to read these facts to the child.
		Jack moves his salamander to try and eat an amphipod and is awarded by a cute animation of the salamander eating the amphipod.
		The user will be able to move the salamander in the water environment my clicking a direction on one of four buttons representing the four directions that the salamander can move in.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/s2s/latest/salamander1/doc/SRS.html (4118 words)

	CENTER ACTIONS ON PESTICIDES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In December of 2003, the Center and the Save Our Springs Alliance brought another suit against the EPA for failing to consult on the impact of six pesticides (atrazine, carbaryl, diazinon, metolachlor, prometon, and simazine) on the Barton Springs salamander.
		Barton Springs salamanders are especially vulnerable to pesticide contamination and have recently been developing strange deformities and dying of bizarre maladies.
		In July 2004 the Center published, Silent Spring Revisited- Pesticide Use and Endangered Species, a report detailing the failure of the EPA to regulate pesticides harmful to endangered species and exposing the agency’s on-going refusal to reform pesticide registration and use in accordance with scientific findings.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/Programs/science/pesticides/actions.html (914 words)

	Salamanders, salamanders everywhere ...
		A paper submitted for publication in the journal Herpetological Monographs in January claims salamander populations found in Georgetown, the Jollyville area of Northwest Austin and Salado are three separate species, distinct from one another and the already protected Barton Springs Salamander.
		The Barton Springs Salamander and the three other salamander populations are similar in a number of ways.
		The Georgetown Salamander is found in springs and creeks along the middle fork of the San Gabriel River, west of Georgetown.
	www.newts.org /~newtsweek/html/salamanders___salamanders_everywhere_....html (972 words)

	History
		One of the salamanders found in the fissures area was dead.
		Found a total of 36 salamanders; 23 on the beach, 11 on the fissures, and 2 stranded at Eliza Springs.
		Three additional salamanders were found on the beach area outside of the regular transects.
	www.hyperweb.com /bsz/pool/History.html (1000 words)

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