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Topic: Base of sacrum

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	Ligaments of The Sacrum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The sacrum, at the base of the vertebral column, is wedged between the coxal bones of the pelvis and is united to them by fibrocartilage at the "sacroiliac joints." The weight of the body is transmitted to the legs through the pelvic girdle at these joints.
		The fibrocartilage at the front of the sacrum, which joins it to the ilium is called the "anterior sacroiliac ligament"; at the back, it is called the "posterior sacroiliac ligament." The coccyx, or tail bone, is attached by ligaments to the margins of the sacral hiatus (opening at the tip of the sacrum).
		The sacrotuberous ligament is a broad, flat fan-shaped complex of fibers stretching from the lower back spine of the ilium, the 4th and 5th transverse tubercles and the caudal part of the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx to the inner margin of the tuberosity of the ischium.
	www.innerbody.com /text/ligm23.html (167 words)

	Sacrum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The sacrum is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones.
		The base of the sacrum, which is broad and expanded, is directed upward and forward.
		In the female the sacrum is shorter and wider than in the male; the lower half forms a greater angle with the upper; the upper half is nearly straight, the lower half presenting the greatest amount of curvature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sacrum (729 words)

	Pelvic surface of sacrum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the ends of the ridges are seen the anterior sacral foramina, four in number on either side, somewhat rounded in form, diminishing in size from above downward, and directed lateralward and forward; they give exit to the anterior divisions of the sacral nerves and entrance to the lateral sacral arteries.
		Lateral to these foramina are the lateral parts of the sacrum, each consisting of five separate segments at an early period of life; in the adult, these are blended with the bodies and with each other.
		If a sagittal section be made through the center of the sacrum, the bodies are seen to be united at their circumferences by bone, wide intervals being left centrally, which, in the fresh state, are filled by the intervertebral fibrocartilages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pelvic_surface_of_sacrum (441 words)

	II. Osteology. 3a. 4. The Sacral and Coccygeal Vertebræ. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		—The sacrum is a large, triangular bone, situated in the lower part of the vertebral column and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones; its upper part or base articulates with the last lumbar vertebra, its apex with the coccyx.
		The base of the process is separated from the body by a cartilaginous disk, which gradually becomes ossified at its circumference, but remains cartilaginous in its center until advanced age.
		On examining a sagittal section of the sacrum, the situations of the intervertebral fibrocartilages are indicated by a series of oval cavities (Fig.
	www.bartleby.com /107/24 (3023 words)

	Coccyx - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The posterior surface is convex, marked by transverse grooves similar to those on the anterior surface, and presents on either side a linear row of tubercles, the rudimentary articular processes of the coccygeal vertebrae.
		Of these, the superior pair are large, and are called the coccygeal cornua; they project upward, and articulate with the cornua of the sacrum, and on either side complete the foramen for the transmission of the posterior division of the fifth sacral nerve.
		The base presents an oval surface for articulation with the sacrum.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coccyx (555 words)

	Feely's Abridged Osteopathic Dictionary \| -S-
		Extension dysfunction the sacrum (sacral base posterior) a sacral somatic dysfunction that involves rotation of the sacrum about a middle transverse axis such that the sacral base has moved posteriorly relative to the pelvic bones; backward movement of the sacral base is freer and forward movement is restricted; this is the reciprocal of flexion sacrum.
		A sacral somatic dysfunction that involves rotation of the sacrum about a middle transverse axis such that the sacral base has moved anteriorly between the pelvic bones; forward movement of the sacral base is freer and backward movement is restricted 2.
		Posterior sacrum: a positional term referring to a sacral somatic dysfunction in which the sacral base has rotated backward and sidebent to the side opposite the rotation; the dysfunction is named for the side on which the backward rotation occurs.
	www.drfeely.com /doctors/osteo_dict_s.htm (1370 words)

	sacrum subluxation \| Claudia Anrig,DC
		The sacrum of the older child may subluxate at the lumbosacral junction as a base posterior.
		When the sacrum is specifically corrected by a short lever adjustment versus a long lever approach, the neurophysiological dysfunction seen from this subluxation component may have a variety of positive outcomes for several childhood disorders (e.g., bed wetting, leg cramps).
		For the posterior rotated sacrum, the static evaluation may reveal prominence of the lateral border of the sacrum on the side of rotation.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/17/11/06.html (931 words)

	Hexapedia - Sacrum (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The sacrum (os sacrum) is a large, triangular bone at the base of the vertebral column and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones.
		Its upper part or base articulates with the last lumbar vertebra, its apex with the coccyx.
		It is curved upon itself and placed very obliquely, its base projecting forward and forming the prominent sacrovertebral angle when articulated with the last lumbar vertebra; its central part is projected backward, so as to give increased capacity to the pelvic cavity.
	www.hexafind.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/sacrum (1429 words)

	Device and method for the reduction of lumbar lordosis - Patent 4483329
		This causes an increase in the lumbosacral angle, and is accompanied by pivotal movement of the sacrum for the sacral base to move anteriorly and for the apex of the sacrum to move posteriorly.
		The upper surface may conveniently diverge relatively to the base surface to provide the upper surface at an inclination corresponding generally with the inclination which an average sacrum apex should have for a proper lumbar profile when a patient is resting supine on a surface on which the base of the device is supported.
		The inclination of the upper surface 58 may be adjusted by adjusting the inclination of the base plate 44 relatively to the resting surface 28 to accommodate the sacral inclination of a patient 26 thereby improving the individual's comfort and improving the extent to which lumbar lordosis is alleviated.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4483329.html (3279 words)

	Glossary-16. sarcoma, sciatica, shingles and spasm..
		Fusion of the sacrum and the 5th lumbar vertebra.
		The articulation between the sacrum and the innominate bone of the pelvis.
		Angle formed by the base of the sacrum and 5th lumbar vertebra.
	www.kneelsit.com /glossary/glossary16.html (1420 words)

	[No title]
		The iliolumbar ligaments contribute, with the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments, to stabilize the lower lumbar spine on the base of the sacrum.
		The iliolumbar ligaments counterbalance the shearing forces of the fifth lumbar vertebra on the base of the sacrum and prevent the forward shifting of this vertebra as well as that of the fourth lumbar vertebra onto the fifth vertebra.
		Injury to this ligament increases the likelihood of the fifth lumbar vertebra moving on the sacrum and the fourth lumbar vertebra slipping.
	www.chicagosportsmedicine.com /iliolumbar_ligament_injury.htm (537 words)

	Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The medieval empire stemmed from a division of the Carolingian Empire in 843, which was founded by Charlemagne on December 25, 800, and existed in varying forms until 1806, its territory stretching from the river Eider in the north to the Mediterranean coast in the south.
		Under the reign of the Ottonian emperors (919–1024), the duchies of Lorraine, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Thuringia and Bavaria were consolidated and in 962 the German king was crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
		Eastern Germany in particular suffers from a lack of a solid base of small and medium-sized companies, which provided the foundation for the Federal Republic's economic prosperity and is responsible in great measure for Germany's lag in economic growth.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Germany (7393 words)

	TMJ 치과 & 카이로 프라틱
		Base of sacrum (basis ossis sacri): Broad upper part of the sacrum (the first sacral vertebra).
		This homolog of the intertransverse ligament is attached to the inferolateral margin of sacrum and to the short transverse process of Co 1.
		This muscle is inserted by its base into the margin of the coccyx and into the side of the last section of the sacrum.
	www.tcc-center.com /chiropractic/case/case7_4.htm (6531 words)

	Early American Manual Therapy
		The intervertebral disc between the fifth and the sacrum still further accentuates, by the relatively great thickness of its anterior margin, the angle formed by the articulation of the fifth with the sacrum.
		If it were not for the bracing action of these processes, the superincumbent weight would tend to slide the body of the fifth forward on the base of the sacrum.
		The sacrum is wedge-shaped from above downward and from anterior to posterior.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /eamt/files/tasker/task13.htm (2416 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Sacrum
		The sacrum is a shield-shaped bony structure that is located at the base of the lumbar vertebrae and that is connected to the pelvis.
		The sacrum forms the posterior pelvic wall and strengthens and stabilizes the pelvis.
		Joined at the very end of the sacrum are two to four tiny, partially fused vertebrae known as the coccyx or "tail bone".
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19464.htm (180 words)

	Chiropractic: The Logan Method (1963)
		Muscle spasm severe enough to alter the level of the base of the sacrum would, of necessity, be quite painful.
		As we noted in Dr. Kleinberg's writings, deformity of the sacrum itself as a cause of spinal curvature is quite rare, and correction of congenital or developmental deformities in the bone cannot usually be accomplished outside the employment of surgical measures.
		Most often, any alteration in the level of the base of the sacrum -- sufficient to cause spinal curvature -- is the result of unequal development of the bones of the hips or the legs.
	www.chirobase.org /05RB/BCC/11c.html (1222 words)

	Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas of the Skull Base and Spine - Literature Review Book Reviews on Society for Neuro-Oncology
		In Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas of the Skull Base and Spine, Griff Harsh has accomplished the major task of assembling a renowned group of surgeons, pathologists, radiologists, and radiotherapis ts who have contributed their specialized knowledge gained through hard-earned experience with these uncommon but intriguing tumors of the skull base and spine.
		Once a diagnosis of a skull base chordoma or chondrosarcoma is established, a preoperative plan needs to address what can and cannot be safely removed by surgery and to determine the desired approach.
		Similar to their skull base counterparts, chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the spine and sacrum are best treated by postoperative high-dose radiotherapy to reduce the rate of local recurrence.
	www.soc-neuro-onc.org /leps/letitem.cfm?LetID=22 (760 words)

	Back.com - Anatomy - Sacral Spine (Sacrum)
		The sacrum is inserted like a wedge between the two iliac or pelvis bones and is held together by the two sacroiliac joints.
		The Sacral Ala are the "wings" of the sacrum.
		They are an important part of the connection between the sacrum and pelvis and they are often used during spine surgery as a point of attachment for instrumentation that helps to stabilize the lumbosacral junction.
	www.back.com /anatomy-sacral.html (417 words)

	Sacrum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As a child, the sacrum is made up of five different bones that fuse into one as an adult.
		These bones are often referred to as the tailbone or the base bone.
		Nerves exiting from the Sacrum and the Coccyx connect to tissues and organs in that area.
	www.chiropracticdiplomatic.com /subluxation/files/sacrum.html (137 words)

	Sacrum & Coccyx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The sacrum and coccyx are commonly referred to as your "base bone" or "tail bone".
		As a child the sacrum consists of five individual bones and the coccyx is made up of three to five bones.
		The nerves that exit the sacrum and coccyx go to the tissues and organs in that area.
	www.echiropractic.net /ncsacrum.htm (155 words)

	Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous Ligaments
		Connecting the apex of the sacrum and the spine of the ischium are the sacrospinus ligaments.
		The sacrotuberus ligaments connect the sacrum with the tuberosity of the ischium.
		The apex of the sacrum excessively shifts backward allowing the base of the sacrum to shift forward and downward in the pelvis.
	www.prolonews.com /sacrospinous_and_sacrotuberous_ligaments.htm (385 words)

	Sacrum definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Sacrum: The large heavy bone at the base of the spine, which is made up of fused sacral vertebrae.
		The sacrum is located in the vertebral column, between the lumbar vertebrae and the coccyx.
		The female sacrum is wider and less curved than the male.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7936 (170 words)

	Congenital and Developmental Diseases: Images
		Sacrum showing partial assimilation of S1 and closure of the foramen for S3 on left.
		Sacrum with four segments and neural arch defect on the S2,3 segments.
		Skull base of a child having a paracondyloid process, greater on the left side.
	www.uiowa.edu /~anthro/paleopathology/crowcreek/congen2.htm (1077 words)

	Kundalini
		It sits at the base of the spine and is a reservoir of creative energy linked to the divine force.
		This energy moves in a spiraling motion around the sacrum at the base of the spine.
		Symptoms include but are not limited to: crackling noises at the base of the neck, headaches, muscles spasms, hot and cold flashes, mental confusion, twitching, emotional outbursts, numbness of the arms and hands, change in eating and sleeping habits, and excess energy.
	www.wingedwolf.citymax.com /kundalini.html (402 words)

	UAMS Department of Anatomy Gross Anatomy - Bones of the Lower Limb
		the base of the sacrum includes the articular surface for the fifth lumbar vertebra and the superior portion of the two ala
		the cuneiform bones articulate with the navicular bone proximally and the bases of the metatarsal bones distally
		the base of the proximal phalanx articulates with the head of the corresponding metatarsal bone; the base of the middle or distal phalanx articulates with the head of the next most proximal phalanx
	anatomy.uams.edu /anatomyhtml/bones_lowerlimb.html (2421 words)

	Welcome to Sigma Instruments, Inc.
		The sacrum, even though it is fully ossified, should be tested atseveral levels because of the characteristics of the sacroiliac articulations and theattachment of the sacrotuberous ligament.
		The base of the sacrum is boundpostero-laterally to the ilia via fibrous connective tissue.
		At the base of the sacrum, or at the S1 or S2 level, you mightprefer a bi-lateral contact with either the 30 mm or 45 mm dual probe.
	www.sigma-instruments.com /Clinical-Discussion.html (16079 words)

	The Sacro-Iliac Joint: the base of the spine - Trinity Yoga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Specifically, it describes where the sacrum (the triangular piece of bone at the base of the spine) meets the ilium (part of the pelvis).
		Because of its placement in the body, the SI joint acts as a bridge in transmitting the forces from the upper body to the pelvis, hips and legs.
		Even though there are no muscles directly supporting the joint, the muscles that attach to the sacrum or the ilium will have an indirect effect on the functioning and balance of the joint.
	www.trinityyoga.net /yoga-articles/print/123 (551 words)

	Disc, Disc Herniation, Bulging Disc, Disc Protrusion, Slipped Disc, Dr. Steven Horwitz, Chiropractor
		The bone at the base of the spine is called the sacrum.
		At the end of the sacrum is the coccyx.
		There are 23 discs in the spine starting between the second and third cervical (neck) vertebrae and continuing to the last disc between the fifth lumbar (low back) vertebra and the sacrum (bone at base of spine).
	www.youcanbefit.com /disc.html (1349 words)

	Fibrous Dysplasia Support Online - Bone Page (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The sphenoid and ethmoid form the eye sockets, separate the brain from the nose, and serve as the base of the cranium.
		The hipbones unite with the sacrum and coccyx of the vertebral column to form the pelvic girdle, which supports the legs.
		The femur is the thighbone, the patella forms the kneecap, and the tibia and fibula are the bones of the lower leg, with the tibia being the shinbone.
	www.fdsol.org.cob-web.org:8888 /public/bonepage.html (1017 words)

	Anatomy of Sacrum - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Anatomy of Sacrum - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		- upper end of sacrum, base of triangle, is directed forward and upward;
		- sacrum is situated between the two hip bones; upper, wider part of
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/anatomy_of_sacrum (192 words)

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