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Topic: Baseball Commissioner

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Albert Chandler

Fay Vincent

Bud Selig

Ford Frick

Kenesaw Mountain Landis

Bowie Kuhn

William Eckert

Major League Baseball

Peter Ueberroth

History of baseball in the United States

Swede Risberg

1919 World Series

List of Major League Baseball principal owners

Pete Rose

	World Almanac for Kids
		Baseball is played by amateurs of all ages, including numerous sandlot clubs and athletic associations, virtually every high school and college in the U.S., and scores of junior leagues.
		The commissioner has the authority to investigate any action regarded as harmful to the sport of baseball and may penalize, with fines or suspensions, the personnel involved.
		Much controversy surrounded baseball’s reserve clause, which bound a player to one team until the player retired or was traded; if a player’s contract expired, and no new agreement was reached, the clause allowed the team to renew the contract annually.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/sports/baseball.html (2274 words)

	Commissioner of Baseball - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Commissioner of Baseball is the title of the highest office in Major League Baseball.
		The first commissioner was a former federal judge, Kenesaw Mountain Landis, who ruled baseball with a firm hand for 24 years.
		His ascent was soon followed by the disastrous 1994 baseball strike, in which the intransigence of both players and owners led to the cancellation of the World Series and widespread disillusionment among baseball fans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Baseball_Commissioner (725 words)

	Commissioner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Commissioner is a designation that may be used for a variety of official positions, especially referring to a high-ranking public (administrative or police) official, or an analogous official in the private sector (e.g.
		A Commissioner within a modern state generally holds his office by virtue of a commission from the head of state or a Council of Elected Representatives (or appointed by non-elected officials in the case of dictatorships).
		Landis was titled "Commissioner" partly to distinguish his office from that of the "President" of the American and National Leagues, with Landis' title deriving from the National Commission, the ruling body for baseball established in 1903.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Commissioner (817 words)

	The Business of Baseball :: The Fay Vincent Interview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Fay Vincent was the 8th commissioner of baseball, following the death of of Bart Giamatti on September 1, 1989.
		In baseball, you were serving a number of different constituencies, one of which was the owners, another of which was the public.
		Your name surfaced regarding a memo (pdf) outlining that baseball had a list of banned substances in the memo (pdf) sent to all MLB teams, and while baseball could not test for steroids, if a player was caught with steroids, he would be sent for treatment and subject to penalties.
	www.businessofbaseball.com /vincent_interview.htm (5669 words)

	Jeff Cox for Baseball Commissioner
		Baseball players rely mostly on instinct and reflexes, but part of the game is thinking.
		He had little ability as a baseball player, but was famous for stepping on other players, slinging his bat at the opposing pitcher, and refusing to slide going into any base.
		Baseball, because the schedule is long, held out longer than football and other sports in keeping reasonable prices.
	cox4baseballcommish.tripod.com /blog (3000 words)

	Baseball commissioner Selig addresses HGH use in open letter to fans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Though he didn't name Jason Grimsley, the commissioner said he was disappointed and angered by a player's admission that he used HGH, and the player's statements that other major leaguers use the banned substance.
		The commissioner said the overwhelming majority of players obey the rules, but some cheat to try to get an edge and raise suspicions about the integrity of their teammates while violating fans' trust in them.
		Selig said he was proud of baseball's steroid policy and would continue to support research for a reliable urine test to detect HGH.
	www.cbc.ca /cp/baseball/060615/m0615118.html (289 words)

	Ford Frick Biography by Baseball Almanac
		Ford Frick was born on December 19, 1894, and started serving as the Commissioner of Major League Baseball on September 20, 1951.
		The first Commissioner NOT to have a political background, Ford Frick was a multi-talented journalist with experience in teaching, ghost writing and advertising.
		Commissioner Frick was often described as "likeable" and peers thought of him as "well read".
	www.baseball-almanac.com /articles/ford_frick_biography.shtml (692 words)

	Baseball seeks season of labor peace - Mar. 26, 2002
		NEW YORK (CNN/Money) - Baseball commissioner Bud Selig said Tuesday that owners would neither lockout players nor try to spark a strike by imposing new contract terms on the players' union, as he tried to assure fans that the season scheduled to start Sunday will be played to conclusion without a work stoppage.
		Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig pledged Tuesday not to lockout players or impose a new contract this year in an effort to avoid baseball's eighth work stoppage.
		Major League Baseball spokesman Patrick Courtney said that the commissioner still intends to enforce a rule on ball clubs that limits their debt to 40 percent of a franchise value.
	money.cnn.com /2002/03/26/news/baseball (849 words)

	What Makes a Good Baseball Commissioner?
		Commissioners have for the most part been kept weak and ineffective in order to keep the owners in power, while projecting an image, which suggests that there is someone in a higher office who acts for the good of the game.
		Nonetheless, baseball is not the game it was when the role of the commissioner was created back in 1921 even though in many ways not much has changed.
		In 1921 baseball and its public image needed to be cleaned up; the public required assurance that the games were fair and that players were not being paid off to throw games - this coming in the wake of the revelation that the 1919 World Series had been sold to gamblers.
	www.athomeplate.com /commis.shtml (1262 words)

	Bowie Kuhn \| BaseballLibrary.com
		With the major leagues threatened by a player's strike before the 1969 season and with the office of the Commissioner vacant after the firing of General Eckert in December 1968, the owners hired Kuhn, a lawyer for the National League and a favorite of Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley.
		Kuhn may ultimately be remembered for the spectacular growth of baseball in the 1970s and 1980s, a period that began with expansion in 1969, the same year Kuhn became Commissioner.
		is a compromise choice for commissioner of baseball and is elected on a pro-tem basis.
	www.baseballlibrary.com /baseballlibrary/ballplayers/K/Kuhn_Bowie.stm (2280 words)

	January 9, 2003 - Breaking Balls: The Last Commissioner, A Baseball Valentine
		He's a rigid baseball thinker, believing that NL strategy without the designated hitter is chess, implying the AL is Candyland, and then he lauds Joe Miller as being "a purist, in the sense of the word." He doesn't like interleague play either.
		As Vincent points out, today's Commissioner of Baseball was the ringleader of a gang that stole hundreds of millions of dollars from the players in naked violation of their labor agreement.
		Fay Vincent then wrote a letter to the owners where he said that his deputy commissioner had "prevailed on all counts," and made it seem like Madlock had gone crazy and finally had his frivolous lawsuit dismissed, when that was not at all the case.
	www.baseballprospectus.com /news/20030109balls.shtml (2367 words)

	COSMIC BASEBALL ASSOCIATION- The Pete Rose Controversy
		Baseball should be honest with itself and delete the character and integrity requirements of Rule 5.
		As a baseball player, Rose is the paradigm of the individual who made the very most of what he had.
		Commissioner Giamatti banned Rose from Baseball because he believed that Rose had broken the cardinal rule of Baseball and had bet on baseball games.
	www.cosmicbaseball.com /prhof.html (3178 words)

	Greenwich Citizen
		Baseball’s last true commissioner and the game’s most enduring Negro League figure have a bond of long standing.
		Vincent, who served as the game’s eighth commissioner from 1989 until he was unceremoniously pushed out by the teams’ owners in 1992, was recognized for his myriad achievements, notably among them gaining baseball pensions for the surviving players of the old Negro Leagues.
		In September of 1989 he succeeded close friend Bart Giamatti as commissioner after the latter succumbed to a heart attack at the age of 51.
	www.necbl.com /fayarticle.htm (996 words)

	To Bud, or not to Bud? - baseball commissioner Bud Selig - Column Sporting News, The - Find Articles
		With his good friend and supporter Paul Beeston in place as Major League Baseball's president and chief operating officer, the likelihood that Selig would accept the commissionership, were it to be thrust upon him, seems enhanced.
		Baseball is the only major professional sport that doesn't centralize much of its money-making potential, as do the NFL, the NBA, the NHL and Major League Soccer.
		Baseball is fighting it, but squelching the deal is anything but a slamdunk.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1208/is_n31_v221/ai_19655287 (860 words)

	NPR : The Pete Rose Controversy
		The late Baseball Commissioner Bart Giamatti explains the decision to ban Rose in 1989.
		Major League Baseball officials are considering giving Rose a second chance at reinstatement -- a move that potentially would allow him to enter the Hall of Fame.
		Commissioner Selig is "coming up against a great deal of powerful history on a rule that has been time and again demonstrated to prevent the corruption of the game."
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=1265784 (898 words)

	Commissioner - BR Bullpen
		The Commissioner of Baseball is the chief executive of Major League Baseball.
		The office was established in 1920 by the club owners of Major League Baseball, in order to reestablish confidence of fans in the sport following the Black Sox Scandal in the previous year.
		Eventually a compromise was reached, and on November 12, 1920, the position of Baseball Commissioner was created with the ratification of the new Major League Agreement.
	www.baseball-reference.com /bullpen/Baseball_commissioner (256 words)

	The Commissioners
		Bartholomay was the chairman of the Commissioner's Search Committee, and a self-described "quintessential WASP." Exceptionally pleasant and trustworthy, he is among the few owners respected by his fellow moguls.
		Vincent's immediate predecessor, the scholarly Bart Giamatti, had remained aloof with the accurate observation that the commissioner's powers in labor matters were limited.
		Baseball's internal tax against WGN-TV in Chicago, owned by the Tribune Co., and WTBS in Atlanta, affiliated with the Braves, was rising.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/h/holtzman-commissioners.html (3564 words)

	Baseball Stars, Commissioner Face Congress on Steroid Use
		That panel was to hear Thursday from six subpoenaed players and commissioner Bud Selig, along with other baseball executives, medical experts, and the parents of two amateur athletes who committed suicide after taking steroids.
		Selig was to appear, along with baseball executive vice presidents Rob Manfred and Sandy Alderson, Padres general manager Kevin Towers and union head Donald Fehr.
		The hearing was called over baseball’s steroid-testing plan, agreed to by owners and players this year under pressure from Congress but still unsigned.
	www.sacunion.com /pages/nation/articles/3345 (987 words)

	Pete Rose FAQ by Sean Lahman
		After Rose was given a copy of the Dowd report, Commissioner Giamatti set a hearing date for late May. Rose sought and received a temporary court order preventing the Reds or Major League Baseball from taking any action against him, while he pursued a permanent injunction preventing Giamatti from disciplining him.
		However, baseball felt that there were grounds for a permanent suspension based on the other misconduct.
		Commissioner Bud Selig said that the application would be considered at an appropriate time.
	www.baseball1.com /bb-data/rose/rose-faq.html (3797 words)

	Bud Selig - Commissioner of Baseball
		And not only are they talking about baseball, but they're also going to the ball park, as major league attendance has almost completely returned to its pre-strike levels.
		But Bud Selig is a commissioner for the future of baseball, and he will continue doing an admirable job tackling the problems of the modern game.
		I believe baseball is a beautiful and exciting game, loved by millions--I among them--and I believe baseball an important, enduring American institution.
	www.senate.gov /~dodd/press/Speeches/105_98/0709a.htm (1338 words)

	[No title]
		Peter Edward Rose acknowledges that the Commissioner has a factual basis to impose the penalty provided herein, and hereby accepts the penalty imposed on him by the Commissioner and agrees not to challenge that penalty in court or otherwise.
		The commissioner recognizes and agrees that it is in the best interests of the national game of Baseball that this matter be resolved pursuant to his sole and exclusive authority under the Major League Agreement.
		Neither the Commissioner nor Peter Edward Rose shall be prevented by this agreement from making any public statement relating to this matter so long as no such public statement contradicts the terms of this agreement and resolution.
	www.baseball1.com /bb-data/rose/agreement.html (673 words)

	Think Detroit PAL - Baseball Rules and Regulations
		Any umpire not acting in the best interests of DYBL may, after review by the Commissioner of Baseball and the Umpire-in-Chief, be suspended from officiating for a period of time up to and including permanent suspension.
		Only players, managers, coaches, and umpires are permitted within the confines of the playing field just prior to, and during the game. Except for the batter, the on-deck batter, base runners and base coaches, all other players must be on the bench and/or in the dugout while their team is at bat.
		The Baseball Commissioner is notified a minimum of 48 hours before the scheduled time and the change is approved by the Commissioner.
	www.thinkdetroit.org /programs/baseballrules.asp (3440 words)

	CNNSI.com - Baseball - Commissioner reactions - Friday August 02, 2002 12:10 PM
		One of the suggestions was to hire Hall of Fame pitcher Nolan Ryan as commissioner.
		He has respect for baseball's past and its quite shaky future, and I believe he'd do the best job of anyone around.
		He was one of the only active players to speak out, saying the players were making a ton of money and that if they couldn't survive on it then there's a problem.
	sportsillustrated.cnn.com /baseball/news/2002/08/02/commish_reax (664 words)

	Request for the Commissioner's Office - Baseball Fever
		The organization currently employs perhaps the least qualified General Manager in all of baseball, and the previous GM wasn't much better.
		At the time of the trade, Benson was in the best run of pitching that he had ever had as a Pirate.
		Also, at the time of the trade, the Pirates were in the midst of playing the best baseball they had played in over a decade.
	www.baseball-fever.com /showthread.php?t=20497 (612 words)

	American Heroes
		The 500 women baseball players who played in the All-American Girls Professional League were excellent all-around athletes and relied on their baseball skills, not their gender, to draw fans to the ballparks.
		In 1952 Major League Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick sent notice that women are not to play on major league teams, stating his 'purpose was to prevent teams from using women players as a publicity stunt.'
		She earned all-conference honors at first base on the St. Mary's College (Maryland) men's baseball team but left during the middle of her junior year rather disillusion because she believed women were treated as inferior to men.
	www.baseballhistorian.com /html/american_heroes.cfm?page=123 (1649 words)

	Double Play Depth: Scene II: In which the Tragic Commissioner tries - and fails - to take the moral high ground Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Office of Commissioner of Baseball was created nearly 86 years ago to ensure the integrity of America’s pastime.
		If Selig were really intent on protecting the integrity of America’s pastime, he would step down immediately, and it’s almost insulting for him to reference the creation of the Office of the Commissioner of Baseball.
		In an effort to convince the public that baseball was acting quickly and with no mercy in response to a moral and legal scandal.
	www.all-baseball.com /double/archives/023291.html (1022 words)

	Time for Kids \| News \| Bud Selig, Major League Baseball commissioner
		Major League Baseball is part of the social fabric of the great nation.
		I think people love baseball because it is the national pastime and - as this Postseason has demonstrated - can capture the hearts and minds of people of all ages.
		The Major League Baseball season is a journey that begins when pitchers and catchers first report to spring training in February and lasts until the final out of the World Series.
	www.timeforkids.com /TFK/news/story/0,6260,524677,00.html (318 words)

	Sports: Baseball commissioner warns: No new stadium, no Marlins
		"What the commissioner of baseball does or does not do and his opinions are of no concern to me," McKay said Thursday.
		Villalobos said Selig's statement was a response to a letter he sent to the commissioner asking what the consequences would be if the measure was not approved.
		That stadium was built with private money by Dolphins' founder Joe Robbie, although the stadium's owners are receiving $60-million in tax breaks for adapting the stadium for baseball.
	www.sptimes.com /News/042701/Sports/Baseball_commissioner.shtml (545 words)

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