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Topic: Bashir Tofa

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	Bashir Tofa Information
		A Hausa Muslim who hails from Kano State, Tofa was chosen to represent the National Republican Convention in Nigeria's 12 June 1993 presidential election, as part of an agreement to end to Ibrahim Babangida's military rule.
		Though Tofa's rival, Yoruba Moshood Abiola, was also a Muslim, Tofa's militancy and references to jihad appear to have unsettled voters, leaving Abiola with a significant lead.
		Bashir Tofa was even defeated by Abiola in his home state of Kano.
	www.bookrags.com /Bashir_Tofa (123 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A Hausa Muslim who hails from Kano State, Tofa was the National Republican Convention (NRC) candidate in the annulled Nigeria's June 12 1993 presidential election, which was organised by the Military government of General Ibrahim Babangida.
		His running mate in the election was Dr. Sylvester Ugoh of Igbo extraction and a former governor of the now defunct central bank of Biafra.
		Tofa was apparently defeated in the presidential election by his rival, a Yoruba man from southwest Nigeria, Chief Moshood Abiola, but the official results were never released by Babangida's government, which was forced to step down in August 1993 after several protests by Nigerians calling for the results of the election.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Bashir_Tofa (156 words)

	Vanguard - Politics : 13 years after, Tofa opens up: June 12 was a coup
		Vanguard - Politics : 13 years after, Tofa opens up: June 12 was a coup
		Tofa, in this interview, speaks on the annulment of the historic election and puts the blame at the doorsteps of politicians.
		He also speaks on his drive for presidency come 2007.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/politics/june06/11062006/p111062006.html (2589 words)

	The Sun News On-line
		Tofa who spoke with Sunday Sun at Maiduguri during the marriage fathia of General Ibrahim Babangida’s son, Mohammed, said he was however not ready at the moment to speak on the issue.
		His pledge to open up on the issue is coming on the heels of a recent declaration by IBB that he may soon reveal the under-currents that informed the annulment of the election.
		Tofa announced that he would soon come out of his self-imposed political obscurity, but refused however, to disclose if he would be running for the presidency in 2007.
	www.sunnewsonline.com /webpages/features/powergame/2004/july/18/powergame-july18-001.htm (663 words)

	The Sun News On-line \| national news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tofa was the presidential candidate of the NRC after I had left office as chairman of the party.
		That was when Bashir Tofa became the presidential candidate on the NRC side and Abiola on the SDP side.
		I was invited as the past chairman to campaign for the party…I campaigned for the NRC, not for Tofa.
	www.sunnewsonline.com /webpages/news/national/2004/may/15/national-may15-001.htm (4215 words)

	Washingtonpost.com: Nigeria Report
		Abiola, who claimed victory on Friday after a human rights group issued what it said were final results, drew broad-based support in Lagos and throughout the country, while Tofa's backers were concentrated mostly in the Muslim north.
		Both Abiola's Social Democratic Party and Tofa's National Republican Convention were registered by the military government in 1989 after it rejected 50 other parties.
		A new legislature was elected last July, with the Social Democrats winning majorities in both houses, but the presidential election, originally scheduled for 1990, was postponed several times.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/inatl/longterm/nigeria/stories/nullify062493.htm (721 words)

	UNHCR - Nigeria: The 12 June 1993 presidential election including the parties and names of candidates who contested the ...
		Chief Moshood Abiola was the SDP's presidential candidate and Bashir Tofa ran for the NRC (ibid).
		Sylvester Ugoh was Tofa's vice-presidential running mate while Chief Abiola's running mate was a former SDP chairman, Ambassador Baba Gana Kingibe (ARB June 1993, 11041; WA 7 - 13 June 1993, 947; ibid., 21 - 27 June 1993, 1032-1033).
		Decree 13, the Basic Constitution and Provisions Decree, gave the National Electoral Commission (NEC), under the chairmanship of political science professor, Humphrey Nwosu, "sweeping powers to disqualify a candidate" and "to postpone the election," and charged it with the responsibility of running the polls (WA 7-13 June 1993, 946).
	www.unhcr.org /home/RSDCOI/3ae6ab8b4.html (678 words)

	BNW News: Biafra Nigeria World News: Pride of Africa: Biafra NigeriaWorld is the Authority on BiafraNigeria:: the home ...
		The NRC, to which Mantu belonged at the time, fielded Alhaji Bashir Tofa for the 1993 presidential election as against the Social Democratic Party, that presented the late Abiola.
		When I took it back I asked, ‘where is Tofa?’ they said he had been called to the Villa; The Presidency had invited him to the Villa.
		He said that by the time Tofa returned from the Villa, he instructed the party not to release the congratulatory message explaining that the military leaders had something up their sleeves.
	news.biafranigeriaworld.com /archive/2004/jun/24/002.html (566 words)

	Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola Summary
		The National Republican Convention (NRC) chose Bashir Othma Tofa and the elections were scheduled for June 12, 1993.
		Abiola, believing himself to have been given a mandate from the voters, joined the Campaign for Democracy in calling for voters to perform acts of civil disobedience in an attempt to force the election results to stand.
		In the presidential elections of June 12, 1993, Abiola was the candidate of the Social Democratic Party (his running mate was Alhaji Baba Gana Kingibe) and overwhelmingly defeated his northern (Hausa) rival, Bashir Tofa of the National Republican Convention.
	www.bookrags.com /Moshood_Kashimawo_Olawale_Abiola (1937 words)

	THISDAYonline
		He went about aggressively marketing the NRC with consummate skill and tenacity of purpose.
		The party's presidential flagbearer, Alhaji Bashir Othman Tofa, was so impressed that he promptly appointed Okupe as Director of Field Communication of the Bashir Tofa Presidential Campaign Organisation.
		Then in 1998, when the existing parties were born, I think Okupe was initially with the Alliance for Democracy (AD) which was the most popular party in the Southwest.
	www.thisdayonline.com /archive/2001/04/07/20010407let01.html (1020 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Assessment for Ibo in Nigeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Two parties were allowed to contest the elections: the National Republican Convention (NRC) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP).
		The former was led by a northerner Alhaji Bashir Othman Tofa, an economist and businessman.
		The latter drew large support from the Yoruba community and was led by a prominent Yoruba businessman, Moshood Abiola.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=47503 (1712 words)

	Death of Nigerian Leader May Exacerbate Conflicts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nigerian government officials and Western diplomats alike acknowledge that in the 1993 race, Abiola, a millionaire businessman, was winning in every region of this traditionally polarized country.
		This included leading his rival, Bashir Tofa, in his heavily Muslim native city, Kano, in the far north.
		Abiola's acceptance outside his native southwest was helped by his conversion to Islam long ago, and a history of deep-pocket philanthropy that spread to every region.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/abiola2.htm (1012 words)

	Student Research
		The politicians presented by the parties, allegedly under the direction of Babangida, Moshood Abiola of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and Bashir Tofa of the National Republican Convention (NRC), had no prior political experience and seemed unsuitable and unqualified candidates.
		In 1993, the ABN called for the cancellation of the elections due to political corruption of Abiola and Tofa and sued the National Election Committee (NEC).
		The court judges were allegedly bribe by the government and ruled that the elections should be canceled.
	www.humboldt1.com /~assist/htlm/studrese.html (1437 words)

	Amana Online
		Jerry Gana, Alhaji Bashir Tofa, Governors Kalu, Odili, Udenwa, Makarfi, Ahmed Sani, Adamu Mu’azu, and Adamu Abdullahi.
		The above listed candidates and others that will emerge later should canvass for votes based on their manifestos rather than laying emphasis on region, tribe or religion as a yardstick to be elected.
		Let them try to make headways into every geo-political zones to be accepted and voted for as the case of late Chief M.K.O Abiola who even defeated Alhaji Bashir Tofa not only in Kano his state of origin but even in his Gandun Albasa ward.
	www.amanaonline.com /Articles/art_1970.htm (811 words)

	IBB, Buhari, others shun ACF parley
		Nine out of the fourteen northern presidential aspirants invited to a meeting by the Northern elders abstained from the parley, which held at the conference hall of the Arewa Consultative Forum yesterday in Kaduna.
		The aspirants present at the meeting, which lasted for about two hours behind closed doors were Jerry Gana, Aliyu Gusau, Buba Marwa, Governor Ahmed Makarfi of Kaduna and Bashir Tofa.
		The absentees according to the list of invitees made available to newsmen included Vice President Atiku Abubakar, former Head of State Muhammadu Buhari, former military President Ibrahim Babangida, Mamman Kotangora and governor Saminu Turaki of Jigawa State.
	www.businessdayonline.com /?c=45&a=8402 (360 words)

	June 12 Essays
		At the end of the polls, an overwhelming majority of Nigerians said Bashorun M.K.O. Abiola was their preferred choice.
		Nigerians in Kano, the home state of his challenger, Bashir Tofa, also said it loudly.
		It seemed Nigeria was about crossing the bridge of ethnicity and religion (for Abiola and his running mate, Kingibe were both Moslems with some of their highest votes from predominantly Christian areas).
	www.nigeriavillagesquare1.com /Adesanya.htm (759 words)

	Gateway Resource Center Articals Of Interest
		The only problem was that the voters elected Moshood K.O. Abiola, from the left-center Social Democratic Party, while Babangida had favored Bashir Tofa, from the right-center National Republication Convention.
		Babangida tossed out the election results and, after several days of rioting and an army crackdown that left up to 100 Nigerians dead, he promised to create an interim government.
		Then he changed his mind, calling new elections for Aug. 14 and tossing in two new rules that disqualified both Abiola and Tofa.
	sky.prohosting.com /acdoor/Books/ArticalsOfInterest/AFRICA.htm (1185 words)

	Journal of Third World Studies: 1993 presidential elections in Nigeria and the alleged use of excessive money: ...
		On the basis of the analysis offered, some probable policy measures will also be looked at, to both conclude the discussion and serve as recommendations.
		Probably as a way to justify the annulment of the June 12, 1993 Presidential elections, ex-President Ibrahim B. Babangida announced to a stunned country that the presidential candidates of the National Republican Convention (NRC) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP)Alhaji Bashir 0.
		Despite the fact that the government never specifically provided the Nigerian people with information on how the two candidates corruptly spent the money in questions the two presidential candidates nevertheless were non-judicially prosecuted and pronounced guilty as charged.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3821/is_200110/ai_n8984137 (822 words)

	[No title]
		Although Babangida had manipulated the transition process and had seen to it that the presidential election would be contested by two of his friends, Moshood Abiola and Bashir Tofa, the June 12 election represented to the nation an important if imperfect opportunity to move toward democracy.
		Although election observers gave their approval to the election, Babangida first suspended and later annulled the vote without announcing the final results, which were later published by the Campaign for Democracy (CD), a loose coalition of human rights and other grass-roots organizations.
		It remained unclear if the election would have been permitted to stand had Tofa, a northern Hausa-Fulani Muslim, won or whether Babangida would have been unwilling to leave office in any case.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1994/WR94/Africa-05.htm (3062 words)

	The trouble with Nigeria is simply and squarely a failure of
		Tofa was so unknown he did not even appear in Nigeria’s Who’s Who.
		His commitment to democracy was suspect, since he had publicly urged Babangida to stay in power until the turn of the century.
		Voting patterns once again broke along ethnic lines, as Abiola ran far better in the east and west and Tofa in his native north.
	www.uncc.edu /stwalker/nigeria.htm (17192 words)

	The world's top ibrahim babangida websites
		The legislative elections went ahead as planned, with the Social Democratic Party (SDP) winning majorities in both houses of the National Assembly, but on August 7, 1992, the NEC annulled the first round of presidential primaries, alleging widespread irregularities.
		January 4 1993 saw the announcement by Babangida of a National Defense and Security Council, of which Babangida himself was to be President, while in April 1993 the SDP nominated Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola (MKO) as its presidential candidate, with the National Republican Convention (NRC) choosing Bashir Othma Tofa to run for the same position.
		On June 12, 1993, presidential elections were finally held, but the results were mysteriously held back, although it soon leaked that Abiola had in fact won 19 of the 30 states, and therefore the presidency.
	dirs.org /wiki-article-tab.cfm/ibrahim_babangida (834 words)

	Nigeriaworld Feature Article (Let us examine Buhari's head!)
		They should know that Nigeria belongs to all and as such, they must make room for the south-south, south-east and the west to have their filled with the presidency before the north can have a go at it.
		The declaration of Buhari for the APP in hopes of capturing its presidential ticket is ill-advised, ill timed and is bound to weaken the northern coalition as Buhari is viewed as a weak candidate like Alhaji Bashir Tofa before him who will not garner the needed votes to carry the elections.
		Some elements in the north through the APP are playing games, serving warning to Obasanjo that if he does not favor them in his policies, that Buhari stands ready.
	nigeriaworld.com /feature/publication/david-west/042902.html (1516 words)

	Nigeria
		It was after all of this that Alhaji Bashir Othman Tofa and Chief Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola later emerged as the Presidential contenders from the NRC and SDP respectively.
		Funny enough Alhaji Bashir Tofa who was a candidate, supported by some elements within the NRC, also joined the bandwagon to boycott and/or cancel the elections.
		The NRC was represented by Alhaji Adamu Ciroma, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu, Mr.
	www.dawodu.com /omoigui21.htm (9992 words)

	Amazon.com: "Bashir Tofa": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Both Mashood Abiola and his oppo- nent, Bashir Tofa, were wealthy businessmen.
		It helped that were both well known to General Babangida and his inner circle, but their wealth...
		The other candidate, Bashir Tofa, by comparison was a colour- less figure, a Muslim business magnate from the northern Hausa heartland of Kano, who was...
	amazon.com /phrase/Bashir-Tofa (412 words)

	1993 Human Rights Report: NIGERIA
		On June 12, the SDP's Moshood K.O. Abiola and the NRC's Bashir Tofa squared off in what national and international observers characterized as the freest and fairest election in Nigeria's history.
		But this assessment did not address itself to the process leading to the election, whose integrity suffered from the military regime's extensive manipulation, including the exclusion of many prospective candidates.
		From February to April 1993, the SDP and the NRC conducted nominating conventions under the close supervision of the Government.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/democracy/1993_hrp_report/93hrp_report_africa/Nigeria.html (10507 words)

	Chippla's Weblog - Thoughts on Issues: Short focus â“ opening the mind of Nigerian politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		However, in the history of the Nigerian republic, the only man known to have truly cut across ethnic boundaries was the late Moshood Abiola.
		A Yoruba, he captured the hearts of people in Kano, a Hausa stronghold where he beat his opponent, Bashir Tofa a native of Kano in the presidential election of June 12 1993.
		But he never became president for the election was annulled for no obvious reason by the last but two dictators in a lineage of successive military rulers.
	chippla.blogspot.com /2004/10/short-focus-opening-mind-of-nigerian.html (271 words)

	News -- I, an opportunist No Sir! (2) - Abubakar Umar
		The SDP and NRC primaries were held, with MKO Abiola and Bashir Tofa emerging as their respective presidential candidates.
		Although security reports scored them as worse than the previous party primaries in the manner of their fraudulent conduct, the government expressed satisfaction with their conduct.
		I was later told that their mission was to urge IBB to respect the court's ruling, their reason being that neither Abiola nor Bashir Tofa was acceptable to the military.
	odili.net /news/source/2004/mar/29/23.html (2432 words)

	Nigeria 2003 Elections
		At the end of the day, it is only the ethno-religious champions (those who exploit these differences) who benefit.
		In 1993, Nigeria hopped above primordial interests when people across the country voted overwhelmingly for a Muslim-Muslim ticket and when the late MKO Abiola defeated Bashir Tofa even in Kano, the latter's home state.
		But the annulment of the June 12, 1993 polls and the post-annulment realities further unwind the clock and polarised the country.
	www.ypforum.org /news_2003.htm (842 words)

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