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Topic: Bashkir language

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Bashkir language
		Speakers of the Bashkir language mostly live in the Russian republic of Bashkortostan, as well as in neighboring Tatarstan and Udmurtia.
		After the Mongol invasion, the Kypchak language became more common due to the fact that it was the language spoken by the majority of the Golden Horde tribes.
		In the 15th century it was replaced with the Chagatay language (however, according to some researchers, it was replaced with the Old Tatar variant of Chagatay), which was in use until 1923.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Bashkir_language (346 words)

	HUNMAGYAR.ORG - TURAN - BASHKORTOSTAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Bashkir language is the second language in the Republic and belongs to the Turkic group of languages, while Russian remains the official language.
		The Bashkirs are descendants of Turkic tribes of Central Asian and South Siberian origin, living in the southern Urals and the surrounding steppes for over 1000 years.
		The absence of Bashkir public schools and the narrowing of the sphere where the Bashkir language functions contributed to the assimilation of the Bashkirs.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/bashkir/bashkir.html (537 words)

	the bashkir language.
		The Bashkir language is the language of the native population of Republic of Bashkortostan.
		The chairs of the Bashkir and general linguistics of the BSU, the chair of the Bashkir philology in Sterlitamak Teachers Training Institute, the chair of Turcology of Chelyabinsk university, the chair of Bashkir philology of Orenburd State Institute are also involved in study of the Bashkir language.
		The Bashkir language belongs to the synharmonic type of languages as it is subjected to the strict law of synharmonism depending on the first syllable of the word, for ex.
	members.lycos.nl /bashkort/tele/bashlaung.htm (746 words)

	Bashkir language and culture
		BASHKIR (Bashquort) Spoken in Bashkiria (Autonomous Republic), Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan.
		The Language of Karaims KARAIM belongs to the Kipchak branch of Turkish Languages.
		Bashkir State Pedagogical Institute Bashkir State Pedagogical Institute was opened in 1967 and inherited the pedagogical institution traditions, that had been in place earlier in the Republic.
	www.lonweb.org /link-bashkir.htm (1111 words)

	Tatar language at AllExperts
		The Tatar language (Tatar tele, TatarÃ§a, Ð¢Ð°ÑÐ°Ñ ÑÐµÐ»Ðµ, Ð¢Ð°ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ°) is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars.
		In the Soviet epoch, Tatar was such a language in Bashkortostan, Mari El and other regions of the Russian SFSR (the Soviet Republic comprised of the area of modern-day Russia).
		Tatar's ancestors are the extinct Bolgar and Kipchak languages.
	en.allexperts.com /e/t/ta/tatar_language.htm (1693 words)

	Altaic Language Family
		All languages in the Tungusic group and some languages in the Mongolic and Turkic groups are endangered or facing extinction.
		An agglutinative language is one in which each affix typically represents one unit of meaning, e.g.,'past tense,' 'plural,' or 'masculine.' These affixes do not become fused with each other and do not change their form.
		The vocabulary of individual Altaic languages is influenced by the neighboring languages and by the languages of the dominant powers that colonized them.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/march/AltaicLanguageFamily.html (768 words)

	Minority languages of Russia on the Net - Bashkir language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Spoken in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Samara, Kurgan and Sverdlovsk regions.
		Until the beginning of the 20th century the Bashkirs used a local variety of the Central Asian Turkic written language and later adopted the Tatar literary language.
		In 1929 the literary language was switched into the Latin and in 1939 into the Cyrillic script.
	www.peoples.org.ru /eng_bashkir.html (197 words)

	Bashkirs
		Bashkirs particularly inhabit the slopes and confines of the southern Ural Mountains and the neighboring plains.
		They speak the Bashkir language, apparently a close relation of the Tatar language, but some authorities think that it stemmed from ethnically Finnic origins, later transformed by Tatar influence.
		The name Bashkir appears for the first time in the beginning of the 10th century in the writings of Ibn Fadlan, who, in describing his travels among the Volga Bulgarians, mentions the Bashkirs as a warlike and idolatrous race.
	members.fortunecity.com /temujin87/Bashir.htm (487 words)

	ilish1
		Following the collapse of the USSR, Russian became the language of inter-state talks in the “near abroad,” and was used during the attempts to resolve various inter-ethnic conflicts (the wars between Georgia and Abkhazia, Armenia and Azerbaijan and the conflict between the Ossetins and the Ingush).
		It should be noted that the changes in the ratio of the Bashkir and Tatar population occurred primarily in the northwestern counties of the republic in which the so-called "Tatar-speaking" Bashkirs live among the predominantly Tatar population.
		In light of that, a complete overhaul of the language policy in Bashkortostan is needed because the “complete equality” principle, as it has been applied up to the present time, has failed to maintain an adequate environment for the Bashkir language, the most threatened of the three major language communities.
	www.anrb.ru /ifll/ilish1.html (18382 words)

	russia
		Along with many other national languages, it underwent a series of transformations in the hands of Soviet linguists: Arabic script was deposed in favour of the Latin alphabet in the 1920s, followed by a switch to Cyrillic in 1939.
		It is the language commonly spoken at home by 90% of people--whatever their ethnic origin—within Russia and is the working language for almost as many.
		The sole nod to Bashkir in the republic's constitution is a clause requiring the president to be a Bashkir-speaker.
	faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~jmatthew/articles/russia.html (777 words)

	Bashkir alphabet, pronunciation and language
		Bashkir is a member of the Kypchak-Bolgar group of the Turkic languages.
		Bashkir first appeared in writing in a Runic alphabet during the 9th century AD.
		It was written with the Arabic alphabet between the 10th century and 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin alphabet, which itself was replaced by the Cyrillic alphabet in 1940.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/bashkir.htm (131 words)

	Bashkirs
		After the revolutions of 1917, a strong Bashkir nationalist and Muslim movement developed in the territory of the Bashkirs, where much of the Civil War was fought.
		The Bashkir language belongs to the West Turkic group of languages.
		Until the Soviet period, the Bashkirs did not have their own literary language, using at first the so-called Turki language and in the early twentieth century a Tatar language.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/63/185.html (432 words)

	Bashkir language Information
		The 1989 population census showed over 1,047,000 native speakers of the Bashkir language living in the USSR.
		Approximately 300,000 Bashkirs said that Tatar was their native language.
		Cyrillic alphabet used by Bashkir is the same as the Russian alphabet, with the addition of the following letters: Ҙ ҙ, Ә ә, Ө ө, Ү ү, Ғ ғ, Ҡ ҡ, Ң ң, Ҙ ҙ, Ҫ ҫ, Һ һ.
	www.bookrags.com /Bashkir_language (335 words)

	The Bashkir and general linguistics chair as an independent educational scientific unit has been functioning since 1960 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Scientific-practical conferences dedicated to such problems as "The native language and literature in higher educational institutions and schools: problems of studying and teaching", scientific-theoretical seminars "The theory of field in modem linguistics", "The native language and national culture" etc. are regularly held.
		The Bashkir and general linguistics chair in the latest 10 years has achieved considerable success in scientific-research and educational training work.
		The chair of Bashkir literature and folklore was founded in 1957, but its history begins in the early 30-s.
	www.bashedu.ru /kafedry/bashkir_ling.htm (592 words)

	Bashkir translation, English to Bashkir translation, Bashkir to English translation, Bashkir web site translation, ...
		Whether you are a Bashkir company hoping to break into the English speaking market or you have a product to sell to Russia, WTB Language Group can help you.
		The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkir Republic [bashkir'] is a sovereign state under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation.
		Languages - Bashkir language is the second language in the Republic and belongs to the Turkic group of languages, while Russian remains the official language
	www.wintranslation.com /languages/bashkir.html (327 words)

	The Department of Bashkir Philology and Journalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		There is a post-graduate course and a doctorate course on Turkey languages and literatures of Russia's folks, a specialized council on defense of doctoral and candidate thesis's functioning successfully at the department.
		Scientific and scientific- practical conferences, symposia on problems of turkology, the Bashkir and Russian philology and journalism, traditional conferences of students, post graduates and young teachers, international Validov readings are regularly held at the faculty.
		From the moment of its formation the department of Bashkir philology and journalism is headed by Giniyatulla Safiullovich Kunafin, Doctor of Philological Science, Professor and Academician of International Turkey Academy.
	www.bashedu.ru /bashe.htm (484 words)

	Tatars Summary
		Kipchak, a Turkic language, became the common language for the Tatars.
		For example, the language and culture of the Kazan Tatars are much closer to those of the Bashkirs than they are to those of Crimean Tatars.
		Tatars of Siberia are survivors of the once numerous Turkic-Mongolian population of the Ural-Altaic region, mixed to some extent with the speakers of Uralic languages, as well as with Mongols.
	www.bookrags.com /Tatars (5598 words)

	Ethnologue: Russia, Asia
		Russian is used as the second language by all except older people as a contact language, for literature, and urban professional and cultural life.
		Dolgan is the contact language on the Tajmyr Peninsula, and is spoken also by Evenki, Nganasan, and long-term Russian residents.
		Torgon is the basis of the literary language.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/RusA.html (3296 words)

	Bashkir Translation Service - English to Bashkir Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		You probably don't speak Bashkir yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
		Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
		To ensure our translators keep abreast of the language our Bashkir translators live in-county and translate into their mother tongue.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/bashkir_translation.shtml (467 words)

	Bashkir and Chuvash - All Empires
		In contrast, the Bashkirs number some 1.4 million and are generally accepted to be the descendants of nomadic cattle breeders who ranged from the Volga river to the Ural mountains.
		While there is a Bashkir language, the 400,000 who live in and near the city of Kazan speak Tatar as a primary language, with most capable of functioning in Russian as well.
		But when the call-to-prayer echoes from the minarets of the Kul Sharif mosque as bells ring from within Orthodox Churches across the city, their tale is present in the inescapable duality of Kazan, one of the world's greatest cities.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=baskir_chuvash (523 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		The midair collision between a Bashkir Airlines' Tu-154 and DHL Boeing 757 cargo jet killed 71 people, most of whom were children from Bashkortostan en route to Spain.
		The World Bashkir Congress Executive Committee recently held a meeting to discuss results of the December republican presidential elections and to discuss the status of languages in Bashkortostan, an RFE/RL Ufa correspondent reported.
		Ildus Ileshev, the director of the Bashkir Academy of Sciences' History, Language, and Literature Institute, spoke against giving the Tatar language the status of state or official language in Bashkortostan, noting that the World Bashkir Congress and top Bashkir scholars strongly oppose the idea.
	www.rferl.org /reports/tb-daily-report/2004/01/0-260104.asp (646 words)

	UNPO
		The Bashkirs are the indigenous inhabitants of Bashkortostan.
		A Turkic language, Bashkir is spoken by one in four residents of Bashkortostan.
		Beside Turkic tribes, the Bashkir ethnicity includes Mongol and Finno-Ugric-Hungarian elements.Today Bashkir is less widespread than it was in the late 19th century; Russia has become more prevalent in Bashkortostan, and only two thirds of Bashkirs claim Bashkir as their “mother tongue”.
	www.unpo.org /member_profile.php?id=9 (844 words)

	Cyrillic alphabet information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Abkhaz is a Caucasian language, spoken in the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, Georgia.
		The Cyrillic alphabet was used for the Azerbaijani language from 1939 to 1991.
		The Cyrillic alphabet was used for the Uzbek language from 1940 to 1992.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Cyrillic_alphabet (2964 words)

	Cover Pages: Code for the Representation of the Names of Languages. From ISO 639, revised 1989.
		The two-character language codes of ISO 639 are relevant to SGML encoding in two respects.
		Second, the WSD (Writing System Declaration) implemented in the Text Encoding Initiative uses the [two-character] language code of ISO 639 (as amended) as a language.code attribute of the nat.language declaration, specifying the language in which the WSD is written.
		The two-character language codes of ISO 639 are recognized as being inadequate for use as SGML language attributes when tagging text, viz, for use as global lang attributes attached to any element to identify the language of the text element or a language shift.
	www.oasis-open.org /cover/iso639a.html (687 words)

	«THE TATAR GAZETTE»
		With her arrival, the Tatar- Bashkir Service was finally able to start broadcasting regularly in Bashkir, as well as in Tatar.
		The Bashkir language is closely related to Tatar and is spoken mostly in the republic of Bashkortostan in Russia where Takmila was born.
		Throughout most of its existence, the Tatar- Bashkir Service broadcast almost exclusively in the language of the Volga Tatars, spoken in the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia.
	members.tripod.com /tatargazeta/eng_129.html (1447 words)

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