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Bashkir language

Aleksandrovka, Bashkir, Russia

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	Bashkirs - LoveToKnow 1911
		BASHKIRS, a people inhabiting the Russian governments of Ufa, Orenburg, Perm and Samara, and parts of Vyatka, especially on the slopes and confines of the Ural, and in the neighbouring plains.
		Till the arrival of the Mongolians, about the middle of the 13th century, the Bashkirs were a strong and independent people and troublesome to their neighbours, the Bulgarians and Petchenegs.
		The Bashkirs are usually very poor, and in winter live partly on a kind of gruel called yuryu, and badly prepared cheese named skurt.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Bashkirs (559 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Kypchak language
		Overview Bashkirs particularly inhabit the slopes and confines of...
		Bashkirs and The term Mongolian can refer to: a person, place or item from Mongolia a member of the Mongolian people, known as the Mongols the Mongolian language or the Mongolian alphabet Also, the pejorative terms mongoloid and mongolism were once used to describe, respectively, individuals with Downs syndrome and the...
		The Bashkir language is a Turkic language, a member of the Kyphchak group of languages.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kypchak-language (763 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Bashkirs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bashkirs particularly inhabit the slopes and confines of the southern Ural Mountains and the neighboring plains.
		The name Bashkir appears for the first time in the beginning of the 10th century in the writings of ibn Fadlan, who, in describing his travels among the Volga Bulgarians, mentions the Bashkirs as a warlike and idolatrous race.
		Bashkir switchman near the town Ust' Katav on the Yuryuzan River between Ufa and Cheliabinsk in the Ural Mountain region, ca.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Bashkirs (577 words)

	Bashkirs - Definition, explanation
		They speak the Bashkir language, apparently a close relation of the Tatar language, but some authorities think that it stemmed from ethnically Finnic origins, later transformed by Tatar influence.
		In 1786, the Bashkirs achieved tax-free status; and in 1798 Russia formed an irregular Bashkir army from among them.
		Bashkirs had a reputation as a hospitable but suspicious people, apt to plunder and disinclined to hard work.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/b/ba/bashkirs.php (631 words)

	RussiaToday.Info
		Rather numerous Bashkir groups reside in Chelyabinsk Region (161,300), Orenburg Region (53,300), Perm Region (52,300), Sverdlovsk Region (41,500), Tyumen Region (41,100), and Kurgan Region (17,500), and in the Republic of Tatarstan (19,100).
		The Bashkirs speak the Bashkir language belonging to the Kipchak (north-western) division of the Turkic family.
		From the 10th to the early 13th century, the Bashkirs were under the political influence of Volga Bulgaria and had as their neighbors the Kuman-Kipchaks.In 1236, the Bashkirs joined the Golden Horde.
	russiatoday.strana.ru /en/profile/people/nat/891.html (500 words)

	Breeds of Livestock - Bashkir Horse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Bashkir was used as a draft and utility horse and as a producer of milk and meat.
		The Bashkir is being improved by pure breeding and by crossing with the Russian Heavy Draft.
		Experimentally, the Bashkir was crossed with Kazakh and Yakut horses.
	rd.business.com /index.asp?epm=s.1&bdcq=Bashkirs&bdcr=2&bdcu=http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/BREEDS/HORSES/bashkir/index.htm&bdcp=&partner=2662601&bdcs=nwuuid-2662601-526FE7C3-658B-EE71-5AD1-318F1EA6363E-ym (210 words)

	The Bashkir Horse - Horse breed, Horse breeding, types and breeds from Equiworld.
		The history of the Bashkir’s evolution is typical of all the steppe breeds.
		The Bashkir people, known as good riders and breeders, appeared in the territory of what is now known as Bashkortostan in the 7th century.
		The Bashkir is the result of the crossing of the steppe horse with the forest horses that lived north of Bashkiria.
	www.equiworld.net /Breeds/bashkir/index.htm (858 words)

	Soviet Union - Bashkirs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Conquered by the Mongols of the Golden Horde in the thirteenth century, the Bashkirs were absorbed by different hordes after the breakup of the Golden Horde.
		After the revolutions of 1917, a strong Bashkir nationalist and Muslim movement developed in the territory of the Bashkirs, where much of the Civil War was fought.
		Until the Soviet period, the Bashkirs did not have their own literary language, using at first the so-called Turki language and in the early twentieth century a Tatar language.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-12508.html (424 words)

	HUNMAGYAR.ORG - TURAN - BASHKORTOSTAN
		The Bashkir language is the second language in the Republic and belongs to the Turkic group of languages, while Russian remains the official language.
		The Bashkirs are descendants of Turkic tribes of Central Asian and South Siberian origin, living in the southern Urals and the surrounding steppes for over 1000 years.
		The absence of Bashkir public schools and the narrowing of the sphere where the Bashkir language functions contributed to the assimilation of the Bashkirs.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/bashkir/index.html (537 words)

	CA&CC Press® AB
		The vigorous penetration of Muslim religion among the Bashkirs in the 13th and 14th centuries is indicated by a clear reduction in the number of pagan barrows on Bashkiria’s territory and a greater number of burial sites where the dead were laid down in accordance with the requirements of Islam.
		By the 16th century Islam had become so much a part of the Bashkir way of life that its protection and preservation were included among a set of provisions for accords with Moscow for the voluntary inclusion of Bashkir tribes into Muskovy.
		This reinstated the spiritual autonomy of Bashkir Muslims – the independent Bashkir spiritual administration founded in December 1917 was destroyed during the mass repressions in October 1936.
	www.ca-c.org /dataeng/07.yunosova.shtml (5087 words)

	Tatars Summary
		The Bashkirs who live between the Kama, Ural and Volga speak the Bashkir language, which is similar to Tatar, and have converted to Sunni Islam.
		Because it is understandable to all groups of Russian Tatars, as well as to the Chuvash and Bashkirs, the language of the Kazan Tatars became a literary one in the 15th century (iske tatar tele).
		Bashkirs (also like the Chuvash and Maris) lived in a state where Tatar was the official language (Khanate of Kazan).
	www.bookrags.com /Tatars (5598 words)

	Janzteam Easteurope and Russia
		The Bashkirs are a Turkic people living in the southern Ural Mountains, primarily in the Bashkir ASSR and the Tatar ASSR.
		The horses of the Bashkirs are valued both for their endurance and for the kumiss, or fermented mare's milk, which is drunk for both relaxation and ceremony.
		Today the vast majority of Bashkirs are scattered over 640 collectives and 150 state farms, but they still work with horses in a manner reminiscent of their ancestors.
	www.janzteam.com /OSTEUROPE/en/cr2.htm (414 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		frequent revolts of the Bashkirs, joined in by almost the whole of the native population, especially in 1662, during the Seit rebellion, and in 1708, assumed considerable proportions, and led to the institution of military Cossack settlements, which were organised in the reign of the Empress Anna byNepliuev, a statesman of Peter's school.
		Although the Bashkirs joined in the Pugachov revolt and in other mutinies of the Volga inhabitants, still they were pacified towards the end of the XVIII century, and employed in 1798 as irregular troops, specially formed for maintaining military cordons along the Orenburg frontier.
		Since 1863, the Bashkirs have been Types of Mordva women, put on the same footing with the rest of the country population and, after the disbanding of the Bashkir troops in 1874, they have all become subject to obligatory military service.
	memory.loc.gov /service/ndlpcoop/mtfxtx/txn/nb0004/0980094.txt (440 words)

	Material and Spiritual Culture
		Among these materials Bashkirs preferred equine skins especially for making koumiss vessels, as their great firmness and damp-proofness were their notable qualities, making vessels they used the whole equine skin.
		Bashkirs prepared food in a coast-iron pot, which was fixed in stove.
		At the present buza is made by Bashkirs especially in Abzelilovski and Uchalinski regions.
	www.bashedu.ru /konkurs/yanguzin/eng/cultura.html (1267 words)

	Bashkortostan — FactMonster.com
		The Bashkirs, a mixture of Finno-Ugric, Turkic, and Mongolian tribes, are a Muslim people who speak a Turkic language very close to Tatar.
		Historically, the Bashkirs were controlled by the Volga Bulgars and the Golden Horde, and later by the khanates of Kazan, Nogai, and Siberia.
		In 1917 a Bashkir national government was formed, but the region experienced heavy fighting between the Red and White armies in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0806382.html (348 words)

	rusmen
		The Bashkirs, who were far more numerous and populated more land, also exerted an heavy influence upon the Udmurts.
		The territories in the south of the Ural mountains belonged to the Turkish people of the Bashkirs, who rented a part of their lands to the immigrating Tatars, Udmurts, Maris, and Meshtsheryaks.
		One can assume that the Bashkirs exerted a strong cultural, linguistic and economic influence upon all of the peoples; finally, a part of the Tatars even called themselves Bashkirian Tatars.
	www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de /Lilab/Landeskunde/perm/permmen_e.htm (624 words)

	The Russian Museum of Ethnography: Regions: European Russia: Sketches: The Bashkirs: on the border of cultures
		Historically, the Bashkirs resided in the frontier between Europe and Asia and on the border of two cultures, one nomadic and one agricultural.
		The Bashkirs, Turk-speaking people of Islamic confession occupy the area in the border of the s Europe and Asia- and on the margin of two cultural worlds- the settled agriculturalist one nomadic livestock one.
		In XIX century the Bashkirs had the legend that it was the wolf who had led them in the plains of Zauralie.
	eng.ethnomuseum.ru /section69/27/110/51.htm (557 words)

	Republic of Bashkortostan - Kommersant Moscow
		Until the mid-19th century, the territory of the ancient Bashkir tribes was the basis of Bashkiria's administrative and territorial structure.
		On Bashkir's transition from military to civil administration and the formation of Ufa and Orenburg provinces from the Orenburg Governorship, Bashkiria was confirmed in 1865 as an all-Russian administrative and territorial division whose main units were the province, district, city, rural district, and village.
		On November 15, 1917, the Bashkir regional soviet (council) elected by the 1st All-Bashkirian Congress in July 1917, declared the Bashkirian territories of Orenburg, Ufa, Perm, and Samara provinces an autonomous part of the Russian Republic.
	www.kommersant.com /p-90/r_434/Republic_of_Bashkortostan (3482 words)

	The Bashkirs
		The Bashkirs name themselves the Bashkort and they are a native people of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
		Outside of the republic the Bashkirs live in the Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Perm, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Kurgan, and Samara areas, Tatarstan, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, and in Ukraine.
		The Bashkirs racial structure is complex and represents mixture of the European and the Mongolian types with local variations.
	russia.rin.ru /guides_e/3209.html (119 words)

	bashkort
		Since 1989 both Bashkirs and Tatars have followed closely in the footsteps of the Chechens in their desire for sovereignty and independence.
		This last issue is especially significant due to historical memories of the Bashkir and Tatar struggles against Russian colonisation and simultaneous Christianisation in the sixteenth-to-eighteenth centuries.
		Both Bashkirs and Tatars have had experience with their own autonomous governments in 1917-1921, further enhancing separatist tendencies during the contemporary period.
	members.tripod.com /~Dictator_Rakhimov/bashkort.html (383 words)

	The Bashkirs
		The total Bashkir population is roughly 1.4 million, while the population of the republic is under a million, so they are a minority in the republic itself.
		In the past, the Bashkirs were nomadic shepherds, a tribal grouping closely related to the Tatars.
		The Russian government forbade the extension of serfdom to the Bashkirs and in 1798 converted the Bashkirs to the status of a military estate, similar to the Cossacks.
	www.philipgoldman.com /bashkirs.htm (1426 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Gebdrefyiqov said the registration of Tatars as Bashkirs during the census resulted in the rise in the number of Bashkirs.
		Foundation Executive Director Aleksandr Predein told a press conference the same day that the Bashkir officers broke the law as the search warrant was not properly sealed, was not signed by a prosecutor, and the policemen did not inform Sverdlovsk Oblast law enforcement bodies about the action.
		Predein claimed that the action was initiated by the Uralinvestenergo leadership, which "is persecuting the foundation to paralyze its work." He added that the foundation is defending the interests of 38,000 Uralinvestenergo shareholders who were deprived of their property by the management's sale of stakes to off-shore firms.
	www.rferl.org /reports/tb-daily-report/2004/10/0-131004.asp (1272 words)

	Soviet Union (former) Bashkirs - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		For two centuries prior to 1917, the Bashkirs had participated--together with the Chuvash, the Tatars, and other nationalities in the area--in the many violent outbreaks and popular uprisings that swept the Russian Empire.
		In their quest for an autonomous state, the Bashkirs sought the support of both the Bolsheviks and the White forces.
		The Bashkirs remained predominantly rural and agricultural; less than 25 percent of them lived in urban areas in the 1980s.
	www.photius.com /countries/soviet_union_former/society/soviet_union_former_society_bashkirs.html (475 words)

	Idel-ural State
		Historically it refers to a short-lived Muslim republic with its centre in Kazan which united Tatars, Bashkirs and the Chuvash in the turmoil of the Russian Civil War.
		Often viewed as an attempt to recreate the Khanate of Kazan, the republic was proclaimed on December 12, 1917 by a Congress of Muslims from Russia 's interior and Siberia.
		Defeated by the Red Army in April 1918, the republic was restored by the Czech Legion in the same July and finally dissolved at the end of the year.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Idel-Ural_State (273 words)

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