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	Biography of Basho (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Basho (bah-shoh), pseudonym of Matsuo Munefusa (1644-94), Japanese poet, considered the finest writer of Japanese haiku during the formative years of the genre.
		Basho infused a mystical quality into much of his verse and attempted to express universal themes through simple natural images, from the harvest moon to the fleas in his cottage.
		Basho brought to haiku "the Way of Elegance" (fuga-no-michi), deepened its Zen influence, and approached poetry itself as a way of life (kado, the way of poetry) in the belief that poetry could be a source of enlightenment.
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Island/5022/bashobio.html (281 words)

	Basho. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		His literary name, Basho, is derived from the plantain trees [basho] near a hut built for him by a disciple.
		Basho played a central role in the development of haiku.
		A master of hokku and the integration of verses in a sequence, Basho imbued what was a social pastime with the spirit of Zen, creating a serious literary form capable of profound artistic expression.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ba/Basho.html (233 words)

	Basho's Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Composed by Basho, the poems evoke the local landscape at a particular time of year and are much appreciated by local residents who have erected the stone memorials to the poet.
		Basho was a master poet who developed poetry, especially what has come to be known as the haiku poem with a 5-7-5 syllable format, to a high level.
		Basho is also famous for the many long journeys which he immortalized in a series of travelogues combining poetry and prose.
	hkuhist2.hku.hk /Nakasendo/basho.htm (538 words)

	Encyclopedia: Matsuo Basho (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He is widely credited with raising the hokku form that would later be revised as haiku to its highest level, although in his lifetime, Bashō was renowned as a poet of haikai no renga (semi-comic linked verse usually created with a group of poets).
		It is said that the climate was too cool for this tree to bear fruit, and that he intended the pen name to evoke the idea of a useless poet, or at least of affection for what is useless.
		Basho preferred writing on the twelfth day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar, and using Shigure (時雨), a cold fall rain as a kigo.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Matsuo-Basho (485 words)

	Katie Malcolm on Tripi and Bashô
		Basho is so sad at the loss of his mother that he knows the tuft of hair his brother hands him would not be able to sit in his hands, because his tears would melt it.
		Basho was obviously very dedicated to nature in his haiku, having a nature or seasonal image in each haiku he wrote.
		Basho might not agree, stating he is merely an existing writer, but if he were alive today he could not deny the overwhelming influence he has had over the movement of haiku.
	www.millikin.edu /haiku/research/TripiBasho.html (2224 words)

	Basho's Life
		Young Basho first served as a page or in some such capacity.1 His master, two years his senior, was apparently fond of Basho, and the two seem to have become fairly good companions as they grew older.
		Basho's life seems to have been peaceful so far, and he might for the rest of his life have been a satisfied, low-ranking samurai who spent his spare time verse writing.
		Basho's idea of sabi and other principles of verse writing that evolved during his journey to the far north were clearly there.
	www.uoregon.edu /~kohl/basho/life.html (6247 words)

	Basho : Poems and Biography
		Basho took his name from the Japanese word for "banana tree." He was given a gift of a banana tree by a student and the poet immediately identified with it: the way the small tree just stood there with its large, soft, fragile leaves.
		Basho was probably born in 1644 in Iga Province outside of Kyoto, Japan.
		When Basho was a young man, his friend and lord died and the lord's brother took over the clan.
	www.poetry-chaikhana.com /B/Basho (434 words)

	Matsuo, Basho, Oku no hosomichi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It begins with a passage that represents Basho's philosophy: Time is a sojourner of one hundred generations, and the passing year is a traveler, too.
		It is important to remember that Basho's period comes after the war period that lasted centuries, as shown in the poem, "Natsukusa ya, tsuwamonodomo no yume no ato" (A dream of warriors, and after dreaming is done, the summer grasses).
		Basho shows off his rich knowledge of those ancient poems by referring to them, and the reader may need previous knowledge of those poems as well.
	www.personal.psu.edu /staff/k/x/kxs334/academic/fiction/basho_hosomichi.html (684 words)

	Gale - Free Resources - Poet's Corner - Biographies - Matsuo Basho (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although Basho was the contemporary of writers like the novelist and poet Ihara Saikaku and the dramatist Chikamatsu Monzaemon, he was far from being an exponent of the new middle-class culture of the city dwellers of that day.
		Basho was a member of this school at first, but breaking with it, he was responsible for elevating the haiku to a serious art, making it the verse form par excellence, which it has remained ever since.
		Basho was born in 1644 in Ueno, lga Province, part of present-day Mie Prefecture.
	www.galegroup.com /free_resources/poets/bio/basho_m.htm (2433 words)

	Basho Matsuo
		Basho Matsuo is known as the first great poet in the history of haikai (and haiku).
		Basho's haikus are dramatic, and they exaggerate humor or depression, ecstasy or confusion.
		Originally, Basho didn't write the poem "To a leg of a heron..." as a hokku, but as one of verses in a haikai-renga.
	www.big.or.jp /~loupe/links/ehisto/ebasho.shtml (373 words)

	Basho and Swede
		Basho also brings out the cold feeling in his haiku, but he is writing about the present.
		Basho is all tucked into his nice warm bed, and he hears the cry of the lonely seagull in the water.
		Basho came from a simple life, and is very in tune with nature.
	www.millikin.edu /haiku/research/BashoSwede.html (991 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Book Notice: Basho and Australian Poet Keith Harrison
		Basho is a mystical meditative poet who wrote haikus, a poetic form of 17 syllables.
		Basho was born to a Samurai family; he became a wandering mystic, studying Zen and Chinese poetry.
		Basho has had devoted followers in the West, yet none are as taken by Basho as the Australian poet who imagines himself to be writing as Basho did.
	english.epochtimes.com /news/4-11-18/24390.html (572 words)

	In the moonlight a worm... (Self Study Haiku Lesson - Page 2)
		Basho told his followers that the experience the poem was based on was more important than fancy or clever language.
		Basho died over 300 years ago, on the road, in a remote part of the country, in autumn.
		Basho also dictated a different poem with similar imagery, but the disciple did not hear the first line and did not dare ask Basho to repeat it, since he seemed too ill to speak without great pain, so it is now lost for ever.
	www.haiku.insouthsea.co.uk /teachbasho_sec2.htm (1011 words)

	Hamill's Essential Basho
		In the autumn of his life Basho concerned himself with this road without a single soul; not only do we travel this road alone, but even the status of our own self ultimately has no meaning when confronted with the lonely depths of an autumn evening.
		The crying of birds and fish presents a sympathetic fusion of Basho and his world—his sorrow is so great that tears form even in the eyes of fish.
		The direct sincerity of Basho's writings, seen in his spare yet elegant style, functions as an attempt to go right to the heart of things, to see the relationship between core and surface.
	epc.buffalo.edu /authors/hartley/pubs/basho.html (978 words)

	Minnesota Zen Center
		Thus we can regard Basho as a lay Buddhist monk-poet, since, in addition to wearing the garb of a monk, he continued to be celibate, poor, virtually homeless, and single-minded in his pursuit of truth.
		Basho's hope was that poetry would beautify plain speech, and that the intrinsic poetry in the language of the people could be realized in the composition of haiku.
		Basho's insistence on the language of the common man is also consonant with the Zen Buddhist view that all sentient beings are equal in their innate possession of "Buddha Nature," or, to phrase it another way, in their innate potential for becoming enlightened.
	www.mnzencenter.org /sangha/matsuo.html (1919 words)

	Basho's Narrow Road
		In Basho's Narrow Road: Spring and Autumn Passages, poet and translator Hiroaki Sato presents the complete work in English and examines the threads of history, geography, philosophy, and literature that are woven into Basho's exposition.
		Basho probably had in mind Japanese poets such as Saigyo (1118-89) and Sogi (1421-1502) and Chinese poets such as Li Po and Tu Fu (712-70), who all died while traveling.
		Basho may have composed a hundred-part sequence with his friends to commemorate his departure from his house in preparation for a long trek and left a sheet with the first eight links, or omote hakku, written on it hung on a post.
	www.stonebridge.com /BASHONARROW/basho.html (800 words)

	Basho poems 1 - 99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Though people who admire Basho's later, deeper style of haikai tend to discredit the poetical workings of this verse as being too easy and loose, as were the works of the current favorite writer, Teimon, in English the verse has a strong after-image in the reader's mind of a specific condition of a cherry tree.
		Basho's family was of the warrior class - samurai - with a long military heritage of which Basho was proud even though he was not trained in the tradition.
		Basho's house was situated at the point where two rivers came together so when the waters rose at all, his house seemed almost in the middle of the sea.
	www.ahapoetry.com /basharc/abasbk1.htm (10081 words)

	Matsuo Basho, Terebess Asia Online (TAO)
		Basho "In the second year of the Jokyo period (1685) at dawn on the 14th day of the Ninth Month, Basho had a strange dream in which he was caught in a rainstorm and ran into a shrine to take shelter.
		Matsuo Munefusa, alias Basho (1644-94), was a Japanese poet and writer during the early Edo period.
		Basho was a main figure in the development of haiku, and is considered to have written the most perfect examples of the form.
	www.terebess.hu /english/haiku/matsuo.html (9335 words)

	Basho's Mt. Fuji (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Basho must have marveled at the beautiful green of Mt. Fuji, which is usually covered with snow or clouds.
		Basho was 33 years of age, according to the old Japanese reckoning, when he wrote this haiku.
		Basho was 41 years old when he wrote this haiku during a journey in Jokyo 1 (1684), which was to be recorded in his famous travelogue, Nozarashi-Kiko (The Records of A Weather-Exposed Skeleton, the title of Yuasa Nobuyuki's translation).
	www.worldhaikureview.org /5-1/whcj/basho_fuji.htm (1770 words)

	An Introduction to Haiku, Terebess Asia Online (TAO) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The form emerged during the 16th century and was developed by the poet Basho (1644-1694) into a refined medium of Buddhist and Taoist symbolism.
		Basho is neither the beginning nor the end.
		Neither as at ease as Basho nor as composed as Buson, Issa wrote a more personal poetry of unadorned language, often using the local dialects and words of the daily conversations, moving steadily into a Pure Land Buddhist philosophy that expressed true devotion without getting caught up in the snares of mere religious dogmatism.
	terebess.hu /english/haiku/basho1.html (3243 words)

	Amazon.com: The Essential Basho: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		So although Basho's travelogues seem to record his treks on foot through 17th-century Japan, they're actually journeys into his own true nature, the heartland within, where self and circumstances are one.
		Farther on, Basho observes peasants wearing fl formal hats for ancient rites, speaks with prostitutes on a pilgrimage, sadly leaves to his fate a child abandoned by his parents, retreats from a three-day storm into a shack: Eaten alive by / lice and fleas - now the horse / beside my pillow pees.
		Hamill frames "The Essential Basho" with essays on Basho's life and work that are scholarly enough to educate a student of haiku or Japanese culture and lively enough to engage any reader.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1570622825?v=glance (1318 words)

	[minstrels] Untitled -- Matsuo Basho
		This collection of Basho's essays and haiku has become regarded as one of the great literary works of the Japanese language.
		Basho is believed to have chosen the Japanese word 'natsukusa', in reference to the muggy, slimy, rank muck that summer's oppressive humidity and heat turn the grasses of spring into, an appropriate vision, perhaps, of the chaos and treachery of war.
		By the time Basho visited Hiraizumi centuries later, those dank overgrown weeds were all that remained of the fortress in which Yoshitsune made his final stand.
	www.cs.rice.edu /~ssiyer/minstrels/poems/1259.html (1320 words)

	SUNY Press :: Basho's Journey
		One of the world's greatest nature writers, Basho (1644–1694) is well known for his subtle sensitivity to the natural world, and his writings have influenced contemporary American environmental writers such as Gretel Ehrlich, John Elder, and Gary Snyder.
		Basho was the first master of haibun, short poetic prose sketches that usually included haiku.
		He is the translator of Basho's Haiku: Selected Poems of Matsuo Basho and the coeditor (with Roger S. Gottlieb) of Deep Ecology and World Religions: New Essays on Sacred Ground, both also published by SUNY Press.
	www.sunypress.edu /details.asp?id=61100 (476 words)

	Haiku
		It could be, as it has been reported, that Basho simply heard a frog plunging into water (a rather probable occurrence as he lived in a marsh where two rivers joined) just at the moment a Zen master asked him a question on his progress in his meditations.
		So you see, Basho's oft-quoted advice, "to know the pine, go to the pine" is also a clue to understanding the metaphors in his work.
		That Basho surely saw this very same effect while visiting a famous battlefield gives added credence to the metaphor of warriors' dreams, their passions and ambitions, being as worthless as dried grass which moved so it looked as if the soldiers were still, in their spirit husks, charging up the hill.
	www.ahapoetry.com /haiku.htm (7526 words)

	Basho's Haiku
		What follows are interpretations of Basho's works by three editors and translators, three gentlemen that would seem to have the qualifications for the task; R.H.Blyth, Lucien Stryck, and Peter Beilenson.
		Stryck on the other hand seems very Spartan in his translations, and in the book his poems are taken from, "On Love and Barley - Haiku of Basho" one of Basho's poems seems to have two interpretations, it is appended to the list below.
		Basho's own comments on his life as a poet.
	www.haikupoetshut.com /basho1.html (366 words)

	Grand Inspiritors: Matsuo Basho
		Basho's World offers 44 very nicely illustrated and annotated excerpts, with choice of four English translators, for The Narrow Road to the Deep North (Oku no Hosomichi).
		Basho's Haiku has "interpretations of Basho's works by three editors and translators, three gentlemen that would seem to have the qualifications for the task; R.H.Blyth, Lucien Stryck, and Peter Beilenson.
		Matsuo, Basho, 1644-1694, Full Moon Is Rising : lost haiku of Matsuo Basho, 1644-1694, and travel haiku of Matsuo Basho : a new rendering by James David Andrews.
	opening.hefko.net /gi_basho.html (597 words)

	Basho - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Basho can refer to one of the following:
		Basho, a contest in sumo wrestling, especially one of the honbasho.
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Basho (100 words)

	McSweeney's Internet Tendency: Sumotalk: Nagoya Basho
		The 2003 Aki basho may not be remembered as a significant basho on the surface, but it had its fair share of stories once you take a good look at it.
		Asa was under a lot of scrutiny this basho and he responded the way I had hoped, which was to let his sumo do the talking.
		The bout was well-hyped as NHK repeatedly showed last basho's classic between these two where Takamisakari toppled the Yokozuna to a thunderous ovation and storm cloud of zabuton from the crowd.
	www.mcsweeneys.net /links/sumotalk/aki.html (10645 words)

	Amazon.com: A Zen Wave: Basho's Haiku & Zen: Books: Robert Aitken (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As the shortest of all verse forms, with its mere seventeen syllables, it doesn't look like much of a poem at all to the uninitiated, and they may wonder what the fuss is all about.
		It was written when he was forty-two years old after many years of effort, and it marks his coming of age as a mature poet.
		Aitken feels that "Basho is teaching us religion with his nazuna haiku," and how the denial of the nazuna is, as Suzuki points out, "self-delusion" (page 75), and I quite agree.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/083480137X?v=glance (1525 words)

	The Japanese Haiku Masters: Links, References, Resources. ...
		Basho's Biography Includes some haiku and haibun by Basho.
		An Introduction to Haiku: An Anthology of Poems and Poets from Basho to Shiki.
		A Sampler of Zen Poems Ryokan, Ikkyu, and Basho.
	www.gardendigest.com /poetry/haiku6.htm (729 words)

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