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	Furnace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In American English, the term furnace on its own is generally used to describe household heating systems based on a central furnace (known either as a boiler or a heater in British English), and sometimes as a synonym for kiln, a device used to fire clay to produce ceramics.
		In British English the term furnace is used exclusively to mean industrial furnaces which are used for many things, such as the extraction of metal from ore (smelting) or in oil refineries and other chemical plants, for example as the heat source for fractional distillation columns.
		The heat energy to fuel a furnace may be supplied directly by combustion of some fuel, or electric furnaces such as the electric arc furnace or induction furnace use remotely generated electric power.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Furnace (1917 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A method of processing electric arc furnace dust as a feedstock according to claim 2, wherein the electric arc furnace dust and the portion of the sludge/dust byproduct that is returned to the basic oxygen furnace are formed into one of pellets and briquettes before being fed into the basic oxygen furnace.
		basic oxygen furnace to cause an increase in the zinc concentration of the sludge/dust byproduct.
		A method of recovering iron value from electric arc furnace dust according to claim 12, wherein the electric arc furnace dust and the portion of the sludge/dust byproduct that is returned to the basic oxygen furnace are formed into one of pellets and briquettes before being fed into the basic oxygen furnace.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/66910.030814&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4067 words)

	Steel-making processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Whereas in the basic furnaces, deoxidation is rarely carried out in the presence of the slag, otherwise phosphorus would return to the metal.
		The Basic Open Hearth process was used for the bulk of the cheaper grades of steel, but there is a growing tendency to replace the OH furnace by large arc furnaces using a single slag process especially for melting scrap and coupled with vacuum degassing in some cases.
		Oxygen lancing is often used for removing carbon in the presence of chromium and enables scrap stainless steel to be used.
	www.key-to-steel.com /FR/ViewArticle.asp?ID=2 (1786 words)

	Basic oxygen steel furnace and process - Patent 4040819
		Oxygen is then blown through the lance at a relatively high rate which results in a blowing aside a portion of the slag layer, thereby allowing the oxygen to interact directly with the metal charge.
		The oxygen which is blown through the lower openings 17 in the bottom of the oxygen lance 15 interacts with the carbon impurities within the metal charge 12 to form carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
		The reaction within the oxygen furnace 11 is extremely violent and large volumes of off-flow gases 21 escape through the mouth 16 of the oxygen furnace 11 in the form of a large flame cone 22.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4040819.html (2506 words)

	AllRefer.com - basic oxygen process (Metallurgy And Mining: Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		basic oxygen process, method of producing steel from a charge consisting mostly of pig iron.
		The charge is placed in a furnace similar to the one used in the Bessemer process of steelmaking except that pure oxygen instead of air is blown into the charge to oxidize the impurities present.
		The basic oxygen process also produces less air pollution than methods using air.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/basicoxy.html (266 words)

	Zinc Recycling - uk -4. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		They are the electric arc furnace (EAF) route, for which the raw material is mainly steel scrap, and the blast furnace - basic oxygen (BF-BOF) steelmaking route, for which the raw material is iron ore, liquid iron and steel scrap.
		An electric arc furnace is a large refractory brick lined vessel in which electrical power is used to strike an arc between an electrode and the scrap steel.
		Although most steelmakers try not to charge zinc coated scrap to the basic oxygen furnace, it is difficult to avoid the presence of zinc in the dust recovered through the pollution control system.
	www.iza.com /zwo_org/Publications/Zinc-Recycling/Zinc_coated_steel/Zcs-uk/Zcs-uk-4.htm (913 words)

	Statute: § 63.7852 What definitions apply to this subpart?
		Basic oxygen process furnace shop means the place where steelmaking operations that begin with the transfer of molten iron (hot metal) from the torpedo car and end prior to casting the molten steel, including hot metal transfer, desulfurization, slag skimming, refining in a basic oxygen process furnace, and ladle metallurgy occur.
		Bottom-blown furnace means any basic oxygen process furnace in which oxygen and other combustion gases are introduced into the bath of molten iron through tuyeres in the bottom of the vessel or through tuyeres in the bottom and sides of the vessel.
		Primary oxygen blow means the period in the steel production cycle of a basic oxygen process furnace during which oxygen is blown through the molten iron bath by means of a lance inserted from the top of the vessel (top-blown) or through tuyeres in the bottom and/or sides of the vessel (bottom-blown).
	www.arb.ca.gov /bluebook/bb05/40cfr/40cfr63_7852.htm (1069 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0040091014
		A method of operating an induction furnace according to claim 13, wherein the electric arc furnace dust, BOF sludge/duct and/or other iron and volatile metals containing materials are produced at a facility that is different from the facility having the induction furnace.
		A method of operating an induction furnace according to claim 13, wherein the volatile metals are recovered by releasing the volatile metals as vapors from the induction furnace and recovering the volatile metal vapors.
		BOF sludge/dust is not a listed hazardous waste, but the lack of adequate reuse options results in a large quantity of this material being disposed of in landfills.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20040091014".PGNR.&OS=DN/20040091014&RS=DN/20040091014 (4276 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The seal may be particularly adapted for use on a lance of a basic oxygen furnace of ladle furnace, or on an electrode for an electric arc furnace.
		This permits movement of the oxygen nozzle 47 relative to the surface 49 of the molten metal.
		Gases from within the electric furnace which pass upwardly through the gas curtain in the direction of arrow 262 may have sufficient momentum to pass baffles 254 and 256 and be gathered in the plenum region 264.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=99/42779.990826&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4359 words)

	The BOC Group - Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the BOS process, major impurities (carbon, silicon, manganese) in liquid iron (from the Blast Furnace) are oxidized by high pressure, high purity oxygen, which is blown into the iron in the converter via a water-cooled lance.
		Oxygen, for removal of impurities and provision of chemical energy, is the main gas consumed in the BOS process.
		Nitrogen and Argon are often injected, into the bottom of the converter during the main oxygen blow to improve liquid metal stirring.
	www.boc.com /markets/metals/gases/basic_oxygen_steelmaking.asp (166 words)

	PracticalStudent.com - Metalwork - Materials - Metals - Basic Oxygen Furnace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The main body of the Basic Oxygen Furnace is made from Steel, as the material is strong and durable, or tough.
		This carries the hot Oxygen to the surface of the hot metal, increasing the temperature in the Furnace and melting all of the metal.
		During the Blow the temperature of the Furnace is monitored, and at regular intervals samples of the molten metal are taken to be analysed.
	homepage.eircom.net /~jcelce/subjects/metalwork/pages/bop.html (830 words)

	0
		Basically, after melting in a basic oxygen furnace or electric arc furnace, the liquid of cast iron and steel is tapped from the furnaces by means of bottom tapping, a method that, among other things, ensures slag free tapping, resulting in metallurgical advantages.
		In the electric arc furnace, the charge is either 100% steel scrap in the scrap melting route or a mixture of sponge/pig iron and steel scrap.
		During the oxygen and metal reaction under high temperature, large quantities of iron oxide, carbon monoxide (CO) and CO is formed, which is the main cause of persistent toxicity, human and eco-toxicity in the raw materials stage.
	www.geocities.com /lcathesis2001/RawMaterial.htm (3411 words)

	basic oxygen process -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic (heat-releasing) reactions, including the oxidation of such impurities as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and manganese.
		In 1954 the first basic oxygen process facility was put into production in the United States, and the percentage of steel produced by this method has steadily increased as new facilities are constructed and open hearths phased out.
		In 1622 a furnace was built at Falling Creek in the colony of Virginia.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9013604 (646 words)

	Field Trip to the Basic Oxygen Furnace - Western Reserve Historical Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) is current method of producing steel, and one of the most dramatic elements to the steelmaking process.
		Molten iron from the Blast Furnace is combined with steel scrap in the BOF vessel.
		Pure oxygen is blown into the furnace at supersonic speeds to aid combustion, and to refine the iron and scrap through mixing.
	www.wrhs.org /crawford/template.asp?id=413 (145 words)

	Basic oxygen steelmaking - the sequence
		After charging, the furnace is blown by blasting oxygen through a lance that is lowered into the molten metal.
		The furnace needs no heating because the oxygen combines very exothermically with the impurity elements, carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorus.
		These are acidic and are separated from the metal by adding basic calcium oxide (lime) to the furnace.
	www.schoolscience.co.uk /content/4/chemistry/steel/msch4pg2.html (308 words)

	Articles - Steel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		These larger furnaces required more draft than could be provided by human power, and forging the large blooms that resulted was also beyond the capabilities of a single man. To this end, waterwheels were employed to power the bellows and hammers.
		Finally, the basic oxygen process was introduced at the Voest-Alpine works in 1952; a modification of the basic Bessemer process, it lances oxygen from above the steel (instead of bubbling air from below), reducing the amount of nitrogen uptake into the steel.
		The basic oxygen process is used in all modern steelworks; the last Bessemer converter in the U.S. was retired in 1968.
	www.seekj.com /articles/Steel (4108 words)

	The chemistry of steelmaking - the basic oxygen furnace structure
		The chemistry of steelmaking - the basic oxygen furnace structure
		The diagram shows oxygen being blown into the furnace or BOS vessel through a water cooled oxygen lance.
		The conditions in the Blast Furnace are sometimes described as reducing but the conditions in the steelmaking converter are oxidising.
	www.schoolscience.co.uk /content/4/chemistry/steel/msch4pg1.html (252 words)

	Weirton Steel: Glossary B
		The B.O.F., as it is called, blows pure oxygen into the charge, creating a vigorous chemical reaction to refine the metal.
		The furnace is known as Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF).
		A Blast Furnace in the iron and steel industry is used to produce liquid iron.
	www.weirton.com /glossary/B.html (1147 words)

	Iron and Steel Overview: Energy Consumption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The next largest fuel used is natural gas used primarily in heating and annealing furnaces but also for blast furnace and basic oxygen process.
		Blast Furnace Gas - A by-product low-Btu fuel gas (95 Btu/scg) produced in the blast furnace, blast furnace gas is produced in enormous quantities - 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 tons per ton of pig iron produced.
		Most blast furnace gas is used for boilers and other heating applications, though a large share is used to heat the blast air stoves for the blast furnace.
	www.energysolutionscenter.org /HeatTreat/MetalsAdvisor/iron_and_steel/overview/energy_consumption.htm (352 words)

	Process for using fluidized bed reactor - Patent 5118479
		These processes usually involve the conversion of iron ore to pig iron in a blast furnace using coke produced in a coke oven, and the subsequent conversion of the pig iron, or hot metal, to steel in an open hearth or basic oxygen furnace.
		Preferably, the conversion of the iron carbide to steel occurs in a basic oxygen furnace.
		In this embodiment of the process, substantially all of the carbon required in the fluidized bed unit to convert the reactor feed to iron carbide is recovered as carbon monoxide in the furnace and recycled through the fluidized bed unit to be reused in producing iron carbide.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5118479.html (5359 words)

	Steel Dictionary - B
		Steel melted in a furnace with a basic bottom and lining and under a slag containing an excess of a basic substance such as magnesia or lime.
		This may be accomplished by means of a torch (torch brazing), in a furnace (furnace brazing) or by dipping in a molten flux bath (dip or flux brazing).
		The filler metal is ordinarily in rod form in torch brazing; whereas in furnace and dip brazing the work material is first assembled and the filler metal may then be applied as wire, washers, clips, bands, or may be integrally bonded, as in brazing sheet.
	www.mesteel.com /dictionary/b.htm (2894 words)

	Industry Types - Basic Metals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Steel is produced from iron ore and scrap to produce primary steel, using Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF), or scrap only for secondary steel, using the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF).
		Pig iron is produced in the blast furnace using coke and agglomerated ores.
		Basic metal industries are very heterogeneous distributed over the EU member countries.
	europa.eu.int /comm/energy_transport/atlas/htmlu/basic_metals.html (873 words)

	Oil analysis and lubrication learning cennter
		The mill's basic oxygen furnace (BOF), the focus of the present case study, contains a vessel in which molten iron is combined with scrap steel followed by an oxygen purge to remove impurities from the steel in the form of slag.
		Given the configuration of the furnace and the signature from spectrochemical analysis, it was concluded that the most likely source of high iron level was slag contamination.
		Examination of the furnace revealed a warped furnace wall that, during the oxygen purge, exposed the bearing casing to molten slag splashing from the vessel.
	www.noria.com /learning_center/category_article.asp?articleid=67&relatedbookgroup=OilAnalysis (1128 words)

	ipedia.com: Steel Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Since the rise of the cyanobacteria and their dumping of oxygen into the atmosphere, iron can be found only in oxide form, typically Fe —iron oxide.
		The combination of the blast furnace and the pudding furnace allowed irons to be produced at either end of the carbon spectrum, depending on the user's needs.
		Similar to the blast furnace in basic construction, the converter started with the pig iron from the blast furnace, which still contained considerable amounts of carbon.
	www.ipedia.com /steel.html (2804 words)

	Metallurgy
		In electric arc furnaces, scrap iron and steel, scrap substitutes such as DRI and HBI, pig iron, iron ore, and beneficiated iron ore are placed in a furnace and melted by the use of heat from an electric current.
		In basic oxygen steelmaking, molten iron from a blast furnace is charged into a refractory-lined steelmaking furnace, and then oxygen is injected into molten iron at high speeds, resulting in oxidation of carbon and impurities.
		Most importantly, quicklime is typically added to the mixture in the steelmaking furnace after the beginning of the oxygen Ablow,@ where it reacts with impurities (primarily silica and phosphorus) to form a slag which is later removed.
	www.lime.org /ENV02/Metal802.htm (1229 words)

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