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Topic: Basidia

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	Ascomycetes and basidiomycetes
		The basidia are drawn in green, the spores in brown and the general gill tissue again in grey.
		The basidia are in the smooth, semi-glossy undersurface - not the dull, roughened to bristly upper surface.
		In all of the preceding basidiomycetes the basidia are persistent.
	www.anbg.gov.au /fungi/ascomycetes-basidiomycetes.html (4570 words)

	Fruiting body - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In fungi, the fruiting body (also known as sporocarp) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne.
		The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth.
		If the spores are borne on the club-like cells called basidia, the fruiting body can be called a basidiocarp (or basidioma, plural: basidiomata); if they are in sac-like asci, the fruiting body is an ascocarp (or ascoma, plural: ascomata).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fruiting_body (195 words)

	Title of Invention: Method for the production of hi gh proportions of homokaryons in breeding stock of the mushroom ...
		Moreover, the basidia of these hybrids are predominantly four-spored, indicating that the four-spored trait exhibits genetic dominance with substantial penetrance in the hybrids.
		Basidia were sampled by selecting an area of the lamella at random, and most or all basidia at the appropriate developmental stage within that visual field were scored.
		Basidia which had aborted spores or asynchronous spore development were excluded from scoring, as were basidia so mature that one or more spores might have been discharged prior to observation.
	www.nal.usda.gov /bic/Biotech_Patents/1994patents/05304721.html (4041 words)

	Data from CBS Aphyllophorales database
		Basidia, sterigmata, and basidiospores on the uric acid were more or less of the same type.
		On calcium carbonate the measurements were as under: Basidia 10-20 µm x 4-5 µm, sterigmata 3-4.5 µm x 1.5-2 µm, and basidiospores 4-7 µm x 2-4 µm.
		Basidia were club shaped and slender as those of Colocasia isolate and were scarcely formed.
	www.cbs.knaw.nl /scripts/Aphyllophorales.dll/ShowName?Nr=2854 (1921 words)

	Classification of the Sub
		Instead the basidia are formed from a thick walled overwintering spore called a "teliospore" which germinates a short promycelium which in turn develops basidia.
		The basidia are non septate, and the basidiospores are forcible ejected from the basidia.
		The basidia are borne on a hymeneal layer on the surface of "gills" which, in turn, are produced on the underside of fleshy umbrella-like basidiocarps.
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~simmons/2152web/2152/fungi3a.htm (908 words)

	Using a Microscope: Basidia and Cystidia (MushroomExpert.Com)
		This can be a little difficult, since basidia are often large enough that their entire depth cannot be brought into focus at once; you will usually need to roll the fine focus knob back and forth to be able to see all the prongs.
		Some families and genera can be recognized by their distinctive basidia shapes (the Chanterelles and Trumpets or the Waxy Caps, for example) but these groups are fairly easy to recognize on non-microscopic characters.
		The presence of clamp connections at the bases of basidia is sometimes used as a character in advanced mushroom identification, and the ultimate "Basidia Geek" routine involves determining the presence or absence of "carminiferous granules" in basidia (method: mount your section in aceto-carmine--whatever that is--heat it over a flame, and God only knows what else).
	www.mushroomexpert.com /microscope_cystidia.html (884 words)

	Basidium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Schematic showing a basidiomycete mushroom, gill structure, and spore-bearing basidia on the gill margins.
		The basidium (pl., basidia) is a microscopic structure found on the hymenophore of fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi.
		As such, the presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the Basidiomycota.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Basidium (191 words)

	The Basidiomycetes (MushroomExpert.Com)
		The mushrooms in the Basidiomycetes have spores that are attached to basidia, which are specialized cells on the spore-bearing surface (for example, the gills).
		Basidia (the singular is "basidium") are typically "four-spored" or "two-spored." Tiny projections from the end of the basidium, called sterigmata, bear the spores.
		Basidia are typically somewhat club-shaped, as in the four-spored example, but some groups of mushrooms (like the Hygrophoraceae) have narrow basidia, as in the two-spored example.
	www.mushroomexpert.com /basidiomycetes.html (354 words)

	Fungi classification
		These are separated by means of differences in the basidia and spores and how these are arranged on the fruiting body.
		Basidia in a hymenium or layer on the outer surface of the fruiting bodies.
		The basidia are divided internally - there are various different forms.
	www.countrysideinfo.co.uk /fungi/types1.htm (228 words)

	[No title]
		Basidia 18-32 x 8-10 Ám, 4-spored, surrounded by (3-)4-6 pseudoparaphyses.
		Basidia 14-40 x 7-9 Ám, 4-spored (a few 2-spored basidia also are found) surrounded by 3-6 pseudoparaphyses.
		It is microscopically clearly distinguished by the warty, ovoid spores and 4-spored basidia.
	www.homepages.hetnet.nl /~idakees/Studies4.txt (11225 words)

	What is a Mushroom?
		Their spores are produced on special cells called basidia, located on the underside of the cap.
		Basidia may cover the surface of tissue-thin hanging plates called gills, or line the inside of tubes, or cover "teeth".
		The puffballs are relatives of mushrooms whose basidia and spores are enclosed in a sac instead of covering gills, or in tubes.
	www.herbarium.usu.edu /fungi/funfacts/mushroom.htm (834 words)

	Club Fungi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Basidospores detach from the basidia and drift down out of the gills, and then are dispersed on wind currents.
		Basidia occur elsewhere on the fruiting bodies of non-gilled fungi.
		Basidia occur in a continuous layer covering the surfaces of the fungus's erect branches.
	www.backyardnature.net /fungclub.htm (1745 words)

	Microscopic Identification of Poisonous Mushrooms
		In basidiomycetous mushrooms, the hymenium consists of basidia, which are club- shaped cells bearing 4 (sometimes 2, rarely 8 or another number) "basidiospores" on small external pegs (sterigmata).
		Basidia 4-spored; volval remnants whitish in colour; fresh specimens have an odour suggestive of chlorine.
		Basidia of most wild species, including the poisonous ones, are 4-spored, while the cultivated Agaricus bisporus (A.
	www3.sympatico.ca /ross.fraser/Richard2.htm (5423 words)

	[No title]
		Although the basidia, pleuro- and cheilocystidia are larger in coll.
		Coprinus bicornis can be recognized by the 2-spored basidia, the in part ellipsoid or subglobose elements in the veil and the habitat on dung.
		Lanatuli with two-spored basidia, C. bicornis, differs by having a mixed veil with ellipsoid to subglobose elements, much smaller basidiocarps and growth on dung.
	home.hetnet.nl /~idakees/Studies5.txt (7438 words)

	Heathen Harvest - Reviews: Horchata - Basidia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Basidia album comes packaged in a cardboard sleeve with a rather unique design that features numerous types of mushrooms photographed and placed within the packaging.
		Horchata's talent at manipulating the mind and the motions is further demonstrated on the seventh song on the Basidia album “Mychorrizae.” “Mychorrizae” is eerie and very subterranean.
		The Basidia album is incredibly accessible and sophisticated enough to engage hardcore and dedicated music listeners.
	www.heathenharvest.com /article.php?story=20041021122028357 (1484 words)

	Russulales News / Characteristics of the russuloid fungi
		Morphological variations of basidia have always been neglected in the study of Agaricales, in sharp contrast to their important taxonomic use in Aphyllophorales.
		Lennox (1979: 47), in a study of collybioid genera, concludes "rarely are the basidia distinctive enough in size or shape to be of taxonomic importance".
		In some taxa a certain percentage of bisporous basidia is constantly found and the reduction of the number of sterigmata should be regarded as an evolved feature.
	www.mtsn.tn.it /russulales-news/tc_basidia.asp (792 words)

	Forest Pathology - Fungi
		Some ("tremelloid" basidia) are longitudinally divided into 4 cells (c), and others may be shaped like a tuning fork (d).
		Basidia usually septate or deeply divided, spores germinate repetitively or by budding.
		Notice that the spores are forcibly discharged from the basidia, but just far enough to reach the middle of the tube.
	www.forestpathology.org /fungi.html (1184 words)

	CA Boletes -- About Boletes
		The boletes are members of the large group of fungi characterized primarily by the formation of spores, or reproductive bodies, on a highly specialized, microscopic structure known as a basidium (plural, basidia).
		The hymenium is the palisade or layer of basidia and associated cells that forms the inner lining of the tubes and, in some instances, may extend down the stipe if the surface is reticulate.
		The basidia are rather large, club-shaped cells ranging from 20-30 µm in length and from 7-12 µm in width.
	www.mykoweb.com /boletes/about.html (6787 words)

	BASIDIOMYCOTA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The phylum Basidiomycota comprises numerous and varied types of fungi, reproductive structures of which are the basidia, located at the tips of the hyphae and usually bearing four basidiospores on stalklike protrusions.
		These groups have basidia that are either deeply cleft or divided into several cells, usually four, each of which produces a spore.
		The fruiting body of the stinkhorns is a cylindrical structure, and the sporebearing surface at the apex of the structure emanates a foul odor that attracts carrion-feeding insects and ensures dissemination of the spores.
	freespace.virgin.net /eddy.weir/basid.htm (547 words)

	FUNGI (p1. of Lat. fun... - Online Information article about FUNGI (p1. of Lat. fun...
		Among the simplest cases are the sheet-like aggregates of sporogenous hyphae in Puccinia, Uromyces, andc., or of basidia in Exobasidium, Corticium, andc., or of asci in Exoascus, Ascocorticium, andc.
		In the former, where the layer is small, it is often termed a sorus, but where, as in the latter, the sporogenous layer is extensive, and spread out more or less sheet-like on the supporting tissues, it is more frequently termed a hymenium.
		In these cases the compound sporophore is often termed the hymenophore, and its various parts demand special names (pileus, stipes, gills, pores, andc.) to denote peculiarities of distribution of the hymenium over the surface.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /FRA_GAE/FUNGI_p1_of_Lat_fungus_a_mushro.html (6107 words)

	Basidiomycota
		The sexual spores are basidiospores, borne on basidia, usually located on a basidiocarp.
		The common feature to all mushrooms include the stipe or stalk, the pileus,or cap, and an annulus on the stipe where the veil was attached at the button stage.
		These basidia are usually in a layer known as the hymenial layer.
	www.cs.cuc.edu /~tfutcher/Basidiomycota.html (2127 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Hymenomycetes (below) Basidia and spores borne internally (inside the fruiting body or inside a spore case; spores not forcibly discharged.
		Cap, gills, and stalk gray-brown; cap (2-7 cm broad) smooth, hygrophanous, and moist; flesh and gills staining fl where bruised and developing fl spots in age; stalk 3-7 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm thick, and longitudinally striate; odor and taste rancid.
		Lyophyllum semitale (note: basidia of Lyophyllum species contain siderophilus granules that darken when heated in acetocarmine) 11.
	www.davismushroom.org /keys2006.doc (9328 words)

	Data from CBS Aphyllophorales database
		The first basidium of a cyme forms a clamped septum at this early stage, but subsequent basidia, which arise as branches just below the subbasidial swelling of the previous basidium, do not form such a septum until later in their development.
		When this length range is attained, elongation apparently slows or stops, and two processes occur: (i) the initial inflates somewhat to become elongate barrel-shaped rather than digitate; and (ü) refringent yellowish guttules begin to appear in the basidial lumen.
		From relative numbers of such young basidia versus mature basidia, I conclude that this stage is rather long, i.e., that further maturation is postponed.
	www.cbs.knaw.nl /scripts/Aphyllophorales.dll/ShowName?Nr=65365 (1122 words)

	Basidiospores
		Basidia and basidiospores developing from overwintered telia of Melampsora larici-epitea on Salix burjatica 'Korso' Overwintered telia on fallen willow leaves germinate to produce yellowish basidia and basidiospores (left) in spring.
		Meiosis occurs during teliospore germination and formation of basidia.
		The basidia become 4-septate and each produces 4 basidiospores.
	www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk /pie/willowrust/basidiospore.htm (56 words)

	Botryobasidium genus description
		Basidia are short-cylindrical, subcylindrical to suburniform, smooth, thin-walled and have 2-8 slender sterigma.
		with secondary spores and fourspored basidia in the new genus Ceratobasidium Rogers.
		Based on morphological characters of basidia, basidiospores, hyphal system, as well as abillity to produce an anamorph three subgenera were defined: Botryobasidium, Brevibasidium, Dimorphonema (Eriksson 1958a).
	www.uni-tuebingen.de /uni/bbm/mycology/botryoba.htm (1778 words)

	Basidiomycota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		For example, the cells that line the gills of the common mushroom are basidia.
		Scanning electron micrograph of basidia on the gills of a toadstool.
		Many basidiomycota produce a typical toadstool-shaped fruitbody, with basidia lining the gills (or sometimes pores instead of gills).
	helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /bto/microbes/basidio.htm (1420 words)

	Diagnostic characters micro
		The majority of the species in Mycena have 4-spored basidia, but some species are 2-spored.
		Generally the number of sterigmata at the basidia has little taxonomic value.
		The size and shape of the basidia is sometimes of taxonomic importance.
	home.online.no /~araronse/mycenapage/micro.htm (156 words)

	MYCENA IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
		MICROSTRUCTURES spores 8-10 (12) x 5-6 um, elliptic, amyloid; basidia 4-spored; cheilocystidia embedded in gelatinous matrix, narrowly club-shaped, the upper portion with obtuse contorted projections which may or may not be branched, the head 5-8 um thick, branches 2-4 um thick, no pleurocystidia.
		Cap cuticle of narrow to partially inflated cells 2.7-15 um wide, smooth to warty, clamped, giving rise to terminal spherical or ellipsoid to obpyriform cells 24-40 x 10.5-30 um, which are covered with warts or cylindrical projections and sometimes concealed by gelatinous blobs.
		MICROSTRUCTURES spores 8.8-11.2 x 3.7-5.0 um, elliptic to cylindric, inamyloid; basidia 4-spored; cheilocystidia abundant, forming a sterile edge, embedded in a gelatinous matrix, 18-58 x 5-17 um, thin walled, colorless, polymorphic, usually with a coralloid apex, varying to an irregularly fusoid or clavate form with few outgrowths, often with a long pedicel, pleurocystidia not seen.
	www.svims.ca /council/Mycenoid.htm (12127 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Fungus
		Members of the Basidiomycota, commonly known as the club fungi or basidiomycetes, produce meiospores called basidiospores on club-like stalks called basidia.
		Most common mushrooms belong to this group, as well as rust (fungus) and smut fungi, which are major pathogens of grains.
		Club-like structures known as basidia generate haploid basidiospores following karyogamy and meiosis.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Fungus (2489 words)

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