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Topic: Basidiomycota

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	Basidiomycota - Information from Reference.com
		Basidiomycota is one of two large phyla, that together with the Ascomycota, comprise the subkingdom Dikarya, which were in general what were called the "Higher Fungi" within the Kingdom Fungi.
		Basically, Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of hyphae (except for those forming yeasts), and reproducing sexually via the formation of specialized club-shaped end cells called basidia that normally bear external spores (usually four), which are specialized meiospores called basidiospores.
		The dimorphic Basidiomycota with yeast stages and the pleiomorphic rusts are examples of fungi with anamorphs, which are the asexual stages.
	www.reference.com /search?q=Basidiomycota (1934 words)

	Basidiomycota - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Division Basidiomycota is a large taxon within the Kingdom Fungi that includes those species that produce spores in a club-shaped structure called a basidium.
		The Basidiomycota was traditionally divided into Homobasidiomycetes — the true mushrooms — and Heterobasidiomycetes — the rusts and smuts.
		The Basidiomycota is now thought to comprise three major clades: the Hymenomycotina (Hymenomycetes; mushrooms), the Ustilaginomycotina (Ustilaginomycetes; true smut fungi), and the Teliomycotina (Urediniomycetes; rusts).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Basidiomycota (318 words)

	Basidiomycota
		Basidiomycota are found in virtually all terrestrial ecosystems, as well as freshwater and marine habitats (Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer, 1979; Hibbett and Binder, 2001).
		For example, some Basidiomycota, as well as a handful of Ascomycota, form ectomycorrhizae, which are associations with the roots of vascular plants (principally forest trees such as oaks, pines, dipterocarps, and eucalypts; Smith and Read, 1997).
		Basidiomycota are unicellular or multicellular, sexual or asexual, and terrestrial or aquatic.
	www.tolweb.org /tree?group=Basidiomycota&contgroup=Fungi (2433 words)

	Basidiomycota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Many basidiomycota grow for most of their lives as dikaryons, until environmental signals induce them to produce fruibodies, such as a toadstool.
		In many basidiomycota there is a rather elaborate mechanism for ensuring that the dikaryotic condition is maintained during growth of the hyphae.
		Several basidiomycota grow as decomposers on the "thatch" of dead leaves and roots that accumulate in old grasslands.
	helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /bto/microbes/basidio.htm (1420 words)

	Fungi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Basidiomycota, or club fungi, are some of the largest fungi, including such organisms as the mushrooms and toadstools, for example.
		The hyphae of Basidiomycota are unique in the fungal kingdom for having fully separated cells, that is, cells that are completely divided by cell walls and membranes.
		Basidiomycota have club-shaped reproductive structures, called basidia, that hang underneath the cap of the fungi.
	www.scientia.org /cadonline/biology/microbio/fungia6.ASP (169 words)

	Mycology - Taxonomy - Basidiomycota
		This is because their spores, if present, require specific triggers to break dormancy and because they are slow to respond to triggers.
		Genets of the plant pathogen Armillaria ostoyae have been found throughout 15 ha of a single forest suggesting that the fungus is the largest organism ever documented.
		While the entire mycelium may be spatially separated into units, because basidiomycota anastomose readily, it is likely that the entire mycelium will have cytoplasmic continuity from one end to the other.
	bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au /Mycology/Taxonomy/basidiomycota.shtml (1293 words)

	SparkNotes: Fungi: Basidiomycota: The Club Fungi
		A feature used to identify Basidiomycota, aside from the presence of basidia, is the degree of separation between individual cells.
		Basidiomycota have more septate hyphae than Zygomycota, though their septae are perforated, allowing cytoplasm to flow freely between cells.
		Basidiomycota reproduce asexually by either budding or asexual spore formation.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/microorganisms/fungi/section1.html (597 words)

	Palaeos Fungi: Ascomycota
		Like Basidiomycota, ascomycetes remain indefinitely in the dikaryon state, with the fungal filaments (hyphae) partitioned into cells each containing two haploid nuclei -- one from each parent.
		The Ascomycota also share with Basidiomycota the use of conidia for the development of asexual spores.
		It is now generally accepted that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are sister clades, since they share a number of synapomorphies, including septate mycelia, a dikaryotic stage in the life cycle, plectenchymatous structures associated with spore production, and conidia.
	www.palaeos.com /Fungi/Ascomycota/Ascomycota.html (1772 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Loss of the flagellum happened only once in the fungal lineage: phylogenetic structure of ...
		Ascomycota (yeasts and molds), Basidiomycota (mushrooms, smuts and rusts), and a number of taxa regarded as more ancestral forms constituted the group of organisms that were considered to be true fungi [5].
		For three of the phyla, the range was similar, being from 39 to 55% G+C for Ascomycota, 48 to 57% for Basidiomycota and 37 to 54% for Zygomycota (Figure 3).
		The unifying characteristics of Zygomycota are: mostly coenocytic hyphae (lacking regular septation), formation of highly resistant zygotes by the fusion of gametangia, and the absence of flagellated cells and centrioles [5].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2148/6/74 (6810 words)

	Basidiomycota
		The sexual spores are basidiospores, borne on basidia, usually located on a basidiocarp.
		Basidiomycota differ from Ascomycota in that there is an extensive dikaryotic (n+n) mycelium beginning shortly after germination of the haploid spores, not just resulting from fusion at the antheridium and ascogonium.
		The developing mycelia soon locate one another, and undergo plasmogamy, to establish the dikaryon.
	www.cs.cuc.edu /~tfutcher/Basidiomycota.html (2127 words)

	Basidiomycota - MicrobeWiki
		Basidiomycota: The Club Fungi by Eric Swann and David S. Hibbett.
		Basidiomycota is a classification that describes a wide variety of organisms.
		Like ascomycota, Basidiomycota contain numerous species of fungi and yeast, and the genetic structures of each are very different.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Basidiomycota (992 words)

	BASIDIOMYCOTA
		The Basidiomycota are those organisms that produce sexual spores (basidiospores) on basidia (Figure A), often these are borne on distinctive basidiocarps or basidioma (Figure B).
		The phylum typically has an extended dikaryophase in which the distribution of two nuclei to the daughter cells is facilitated by the formation of a clamp connection (Figure C), which is similar to the crosier of the Ascomycota.
		As with other groups which have parasites as their most "primitive" forms, I have reservations about claims that place the complex parasitic taxa of the Urediniomycotina at the root of the tree of the Basidiomycota.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/202/Fungi/basidiomycota.htm (866 words)

	Basidiomycota
		Not all symbiotic Basidiomycota cause obvious harm to their partners, however.
		Indeed, Basidiomycota are so variable that it is impossible to identify any morphological characteristics that are both unique to the group and constant in the group.
		All fungi that produce clamp connections are members of the Basidiomycota, but not all Basidiomycota produce clamp connections.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Basidiomycota&contgroup=Fungi (2433 words)

	Florida Nature: Unidentified Basidiomycota (club fungi: mushrooms, shelf fungi, puff balls)
		Unless otherwise indicated next to the thumbnail images, all photographs were taken by Emily Earp or Josh Hillman and are copyrighted.
		Unidentified Basidiomycota - These two fungi were growing from a large clump of dirt that was trapped in the root structure of a fallen tree.
		Unidentified Basidiomycota - These are the same mushrooms as in the above photo.
	www.floridanature.org /unidentified.asp?phylum=Basidiomycota (104 words)

	MavicaNET - Basidiomycota
		Division Basidiomycota includes both edible and poisonous mushrooms, puffballs, rusts, smuts, and more, for a total of 25,000 species, about a third of known fungi species.
		The fungal group basidiomycota is best known for the production of large fruitbodies such as the mushrooms, puffballs, brackets, etc.
		This phlyum contains the fungi considered to be mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs, stinkhorns, bird's nest fungi, jelly fungi, and the plant pathogens the rusts and the smuts.
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/spa/6774.html (297 words)

	BASIDIOMYCOTA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The phylum Basidiomycota comprises numerous and varied types of fungi, reproductive structures of which are the basidia, located at the tips of the hyphae and usually bearing four basidiospores on stalklike protrusions.
		The two principal classes of Basidiomycota are the Heterobasidiomycetes, which commonly have four-celled basidia, and the Homobasidiomycetes, typically with one-celled basidia.
		The fruiting body of the stinkhorns is a cylindrical structure, and the sporebearing surface at the apex of the structure emanates a foul odor that attracts carrion-feeding insects and ensures dissemination of the spores.
	freespace.virgin.net /eddy.weir/basid.htm (547 words)

	16fungi
		The Basidiomycota are distinguished from all other fungi by the production of "basidiospores", which are borne outside a club-shaped, spore-producing structure called the "basidium".
		The mycelium of the Basidiomycota is always septate and in most species passes through three distinct phases -primary, secondary, and tertiary- during the life cycle of the fungus.
		These clamp connections, which ensure the allocation of one nucleus of each type to the daughter cells, are highly characteristic of the Basidiomycota.
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~simmons/16cm05/1116/16fungi.htm (2267 words)

	ZapMeta Web Site Results for: "basidiomycota" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Division Basidiomycota is a large taxon within the Kingdom Fungi that...
		In many basidiomycota there is a rather elaborate mechanism for ensuring that...
		Basidiomycota differ from Ascomycota in that there is an extensive dikaryotic (n...
	www.zapmeta.com /search/meta/zapfor.pl?query=basidiomycota&search=web&match=all&D1=src&C1=&txt= (230 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Basidiomycota was traditionally divided into Homobasidiomycetes (the true mushrooms); and Heterobasidiomycetes (the Jelly, Rust and Smut fungi).
		The Basidiomycota is now thought to comprise four major clades, the Hymenomycotina (Hymenomycetes; mushrooms), the Ustilaginomycotina (Ustilaginomycetes; true smut fungi), and the Teliomycotina (Urediniomycetes; rusts).
		They occur in terrestrial and aquatic environments (including the marine environment) and can be characterized by bearing sexual spores on basidia, the gills under the mushroom head, having a long-lived dikaryon, and usually showing clamp connections.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Basidiomycota (272 words)

	Palaeos Fungi: Fungi
		The Basidiomycota is such a large and diverse group, that the living members have little in common.
		(3) Clamp connections (explained at the glossary entry) are unique to Basidiomycota and are used to maintain the dikaryon state during hyphal division.
		Like Basidiomycota, ascomycotes remain indefinitely in the dikaryon state, with the fungal filaments (hyphae) partitioned into cells each containing two haploid nuclei -- one from each parent.
	www.palaeos.com /Fungi/default.htm (2189 words)

	The Many Kinds of Fungi
		Members of the Basidiomycota also can reproduce asexually, though it is not as common here as among the next two phyla.
		This is accomplished when fragments of the fungus break off and the fragment hyphae simply continue growing in the manner of the parent fungus.
		Basidiomycota hyphae can also produce arm-like structures at the end of which appear tiny, single-celled, ±spherical items called conidia.
	www.backyardnature.net /f/funclass.htm (1044 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Most basidiomycota grow most of their lives as dikaryons, until the environment signals them to produce fruitbodies.
		Most basidiomycota typically produce a toadstool-shaped fruitbody, with basidia lining in the gills.
		However, some basidiomycota, called gasteromycetes, produce unusual types of fruitbody, with basidia that mature inside the fruitbody, like puffballs.
	www.plu.edu /~colbobe/page4.html (152 words)

	Basidiomycota
		El filo Basidiomycota incluye a los hongos de mayor complejidad morfológica, entre los que figuran las conocidas setas (Fig.
		En Basidiomycota se distinguen 3 clases, cuya filogenia se muestra en la (Fig.
		Tradicionalmente se creyó que royas y carbones, cuyas características son bien distintas del resto de Basidiomycota, estaban estrechamente emparentados (llegaron a incluirse en la misma case).
	www.ual.es /GruposInv/myco-ual/basidis.htm (1132 words)

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