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	Russia Muslim USSR Basmachi Rebellion 1916-1931
		Thereafter, Turkmen resistance against the Bolsheviks was part of the general Basmachi Rebellion, which reemerged sporadically until 1931.
		By 1920, however, the Red Army controlled the territory, and in 1924 the Turkmen Republic was established in accordance with the national delimitation process in Central Asia...
		The several Basmachi groups had conflicting agendas and seldom coordinated their actions.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/bravo/basmachi1916.htm (1308 words)

	Basmachi Revolt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Basmachi Revolt ( Russian : Ð’Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð±Ð°ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐµÐ¹), or Basmachestvo (Ð‘Ð°ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð¾), was an uprising against Russian and Soviet rule in Central Asia.
		Other historians would argue that many ordinary peasants and nomads who opposed the cultural imperialism of Russia, and perhaps more importantly objected to Bolshevik brutality and requisitioning of food and livestock, were an important component of the rebel base.
		Infighting among the Basmachi meanwhile made them weaker compared to the Soviet political establishment (who, by comparison, had a common purpose and single vision, in addition to greater military power).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Basmachi (401 words)

	[No title]
		Among earlier Basmachi, as was the case among the Western Turks, the spiritual leader of the Ozbek and Turkmen bands was Koroglu.7 Basmachi of Bukhara, Samarkand, Jizzakh and Turkmen gathered at nights to read Koroglu and other dastans.
		The Society and the Basmachi Until the establishment of the Society, and while the Emirate of Bukhara was still in existence, the educated Turkistani were not in contact with the Basmachi.
		Basmachi units (parties) were largely based on the Kadimist ulama and the elements of the fanatic Ozbek bourgeoisie.
	www.angelfire.com /on/paksoy/togan.html (12376 words)

	Basmachi Revolt Summary
		Though never unified, Basmachi forces were active in the Fergana Valley, parts of which are today in southern Uzbekistan and southeastern Tajikistan, as well as the region around the Aral Sea, from 1918 to 1922.
		Small units of the Basmachi fought on during the late 1920s and early 1930s against the collectivization campaign that the Soviets were attempting to institute in Central Asia, which placed both agricultural holdings and pastoral grounds under state ownership.
		The Basmachi Revolt (Russian: Восстание басмачей), or Basmachestvo (Басмачество), was an uprising against Russian and Soviet rule in Central Asia.
	www.bookrags.com /Basmachi_Revolt (928 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Paksoy The "formal" beginning of the "Basmachi" movement is usually associated with the tsarist Imperial Decree of 25 June 1916, which ordered the first non-voluntary recruitment of Central Asians into the army during the First World War.
		The majority and the most influential of the Basmachi groups founded after 1918 did not at all follow the Koroglu tradition, but were composed of serious village leadership and sometimes the educated.
		Basmachi units were largely based on the Kadimist Ulama [the scholasticists, not unlike those who staged the uprising in Istanbul during 1909] and the elements of the fanatics...
	www.angelfire.com /on/paksoy/basmachi.html (7733 words)

	Enver Pasha and the Basmachi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 1921, in a bid to break the basmachi and woo the Central Asian Muslims to the Bolshevik cause, Lenin dispatched Enver to Bokhara.
		Small and dapper, and of mercurial temperament, he was as agile as a panther and said to be the finest fencer in the Turkish Empire.
		The news that a Turkish General was among them gave the embattled basmachi new stomach for the fight.
	greatgame.no.sapo.pt /historia/Enver%20Pasha%20and%20the%20Basmachi.htm (1900 words)

	"Turkish History, Leavening of Cultures, Civilization"
		Basmachi is derived from "baskinji," meaning attacker, and was first applied to bands of brigands.
		Among earlier Basmachi, as was the case among the Western Turks, the spiritual leader of the Ozbek and Turkmen bands was Korolu.
		The majority and the most influential of the Basmachi groups founded after 1918 did not follow the Korolu tradition; they were composed of serious village leadership and sometimes the educated.
	www.turkiye.net /konuk/paksoy1.htm (2450 words)

	"Basmachi:" Turkistan National Liberation Movement 1916-1930s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The "formal" beginning of the &#34;Basmachi"; movement is usually associated with the tsarist Imperial Decree of 25 June 1916, which ordered the first non-voluntary recruitment of Central Asians into the army during the First World War.
		&#34;Basmachi is derived from "baskinji," meaning attacker, which was first applied to bands of brigands.
		Among earlier Basmachi, as was the case in Turkey, the spiritual leader of the Uzbek and Turkmen bands was Koroglu.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/53/125.html (7831 words)

	* The Celestial Mountains Tour Company *
		The Basmachi Revolt lasted for over 16 years — in Kyrgyzstan, the last seats of the Basmachi were destroyed in 1934.
		The Basmachi movement was «multi-layer, multi-sided, multi-language, multi-ethnic and multi-religious».
		Nevertheless, by the autumn of 1923, when the voluntary militia (which numbered numbered almost 20,000) seized 99 Basmachi chiefs and over 3,000 ordinary Basmachi soldiers along with 931 rifles, 13 machine-guns, 34,710 cartridges and other weapons — the Basmachi movement was destroyed as a political and military force — what remained was «purely criminal» elements.
	www.celestial.com.kg /about_kyrgyzstan/the_basmachi_revolt.shtml (1600 words)

	Malena - Basmachi, Mujahidin, Taliban - Transoxiana 3
		Asimismo, con este estudio de cómo los Basmachi y los Mujahidín combatieron en el teatro de operaciones centro-asiático, intentaré presentar un panorama de lo que las tropas de la alianza anglo-estadounidense podría encontrar ahora, en momentos en que el inicio de las operaciones terrestres sobre Afganistán está teniendo lugar (2).
		Aquí, los Basmachi (término que proviene del turco y hace referencia al verbo "atacar" -basmak-), se rebelaron contra la autoridad bolchevique, que intentó dar por tierra la independencia declarada por los protectorados de Khiva y Bukhara, la ciudad de Kokand y los pueblos del valle de Fergana luego de la caída del Zarismo.
		Los Basmachi, carentes de lo que fue inicialmente un irreductible apoyo de la población e inmersos en divergencias de comando según líneas étnicas, vieron gradualmente erosionada la asistencia en materia de hombres, armas, información, comida, ropa y medicinas.
	www.transoxiana.org /0103/taliban.html (2928 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		During the nineteenth century, the word Basmachi (Bandit) became the operative word in the lexicon of Russian diplomatic parlance.
		What this implied, was that Russia as the self-appointed higher civilizing order, had the absolute and God-given right, if not duty, to conquer territory in defiance of international custom, territorial integrity and sovereignty, and to eliminate by force of arms all those Basmachi/criminals who stood in her way.
		Thus, the term Basmachi, became synonymous with unlawful and despicable acts such as brigandage, depredation, murder, insurrection, and kidnapping from which the noble Tsarists entity would hence emancipate a world now living in fear of this predation.
	www.sabawoon.com /news/miniheadlines.asp?dismode=article&artid=55 (425 words)

	Colonialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Basmachi is derived from baskinji, meaning attacker, which was first applied to bands of brigands.
		The Basmachi aimed to preserve the identity and core values of the people of Central Asia where Islam played a very special role.
		Basmachi groups were very often disjoint and were composed of village leadership and sometimes the educated.
	www.iatp.edu.tm /baskurt/Colonialism.html (647 words)

	enver pasha, last years and the, basmachi
		Years later, the Soviet official history admitted that, many of the local Bolsheviks distorted the policy of the Party on the national question and committed gross mistakes in their dealings with the native population.
		In 1921, in a bid to break the basmachi and woo the Central Asian Muslims to the Bolshevik cause, Lenin dispatched Enver to Bokhara.
		Small and dapper, and of mercurial temperament, he was as agile as a panther and said to be the finest fencer in the Turkish Empire.
	p082.ezboard.com /fbalkansfrm157.showMessage?topicID=94.topic (4189 words)

	DUSHANBE
		Basmachi forces besieged the communist garrison in Dushanbe twice in the fall and winter of 1921-22.
		The village remained in Basmachi hands until July of that year, when the Red Army retook it (Akademiya nauk, pp.
		As a result of the turmoil the population of the town declined from 3,140 in 1920 to 283 in 1924.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v7/v7f6/v7f641.html (1813 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pan-Turkism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		One of the most significant early exponents of pan-Turkism is Enver Pasha, the Ottoman Minister of War during World War I, and one of the architects of the Armenian Genocide at that time, which was designed to eliminate the one ethnic group seperating Turkic people in Anatolia and Central Asia.
		He later became one of the leaders of the Basmachi movement in Central Asia during the Russian revolutionary wars.
		While of little impact during much of the 20th century, the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late 20th century meant that the majority of the Turkic peoples were suddenly again able to travel and conduct business as partners in political alliances.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pan_Turkism (497 words)

	Uzbekistan the Jadidists and Basmachis
		Following the suppression of autonomy in Quqon, Jadidists and other loosely connected factions began what was called the Basmachi revolt against Soviet rule, which by 1922 had survived the civil war and was asserting greater power over most of Central Asia.
		For more than a decade, Basmachi guerrilla fighters (that name was a derogatory Slavic term that the fighters did not apply to themselves) fiercely resisted the establishment of Soviet rule in parts of Central Asia.
		The Basmachi revolt eventually was crushed as the civil war in Russia ended and the communists drew away large portions of the Central Asian population with promises of local political autonomy and the potential economic autonomy of Soviet leader Vladimir I. Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP--see Glossary).
	www.country-studies.com /uzbekistan/the-jadidists-and-basmachis.html (655 words)

	[No title]
		Please be sure to read this message thoroughly, as failure to understand the Basmachi can result in dire consequences, as some of the residents and former desk captains of New House may be able to attest.
		Ever since the oldest members of the Basmachi have arrived in Russian House, the way members utilized various storage space around the kitchen was as follows.
		If he/she persists in his/her moronic ways, the Basmachi shall choose one of the following, at their discretion and depending on their mood at the moment and the attitude of the perpetrator.
	web.mit.edu /afs/.athena/activity/d/dom/Kitchen/53 (453 words)

	Central Asian Khanates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The basmachis were defeated in Baljuam 1 August, and Enver died 4 August 1922 in the minor battle of Obdara.
		The last basmachi warriors, retreating to the Ferghana Valley (1923-1924), were directed by the famous Kurshermat and used a different flag: red with shahadda, crescent and eight five-pointed stars in the canton, all in white, reported in Flag Bulletin 95.
		Prior to the basmachi movement in Turkestan the local bolcheviks created the Soviet Republic of Turkestan 30 April 1918 (later a federated soviet republic 11 April 1921).
	www.flagspot.net /flags/casia.html (1602 words)

	Paksoy's BASMACHI (BASMATCHEVO) MOVEMENT AND Z. V. TOGAN
		Among earlier Basmachi, as was the case in Turkey, the spiritual inspiration of the Uzbek and Turkmen bands was the dastan of K'roþlu.[2] Basmachi of Bukhara, Samarkand, Jizzakh and Turkmen gathered at nights to read K'roþlu and other dastans [ornate oral histories].
		The majority and the most influential of the Basmachi groups founded after 1918 did not at all follow the K'roþlu tradition, but were composed of serious village leadership and sometimes the educated.
		In the short term, this was a Bolshevik calculation to mollify the Basmachi, and to remove support for Basmachi among the local population.
	www.spongobongo.com /zy9952.htm (4761 words)

	[No title]
		Despite the factionalism of the Basmachi and difficulties confronting him, he had considerable military achievements by the middle of spring of 1922, when his forces controlled the whole of the eastern part of Bukhara.
		A major source of weakness for the Basmachi movement was the rivalry among individual chieftains and tribal feuds.
		In addition to this, `Basmachi units of different ethnic origin were at times as busy warring with each other as they were fighting with the Communists'.104 There were bitter hostilities especially between the Turkmens and Uzbeks and Kirghiz and Uzbeks.
	gencturkler.8m.com /TURKEY/suhnaz_yilmaz.html (11510 words)

	Moris Simashko. V chernyh peskah
		V polden' priskakal svyaznoj i dolozhil, chto basmachi sdelali nalet eshche na odnu stanciyu i vzorvali most cherez shirokij aryk, pererezav zheleznodorozhnoe soobshchenie.
		Nesmotrya na chastyj ogon', kotoryj basmachi veli iz zasad na vershinah holmov, on to i delo vskakival i napryazhenno vsmatrivalsya v dal'.
		Basmachi lezhali nedaleko drug ot druga, oba prostrelennye v grud' navylet.
	www.kuzbass.ru:8081 /moshkow/lat/PROZA/SIMASHKO/chernyepeski.txt (13050 words)

	Malena - Basmachi, Mujahidin, Taliban - Transoxiana 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Asimismo, con este estudio de cómo los Basmachi y los Mujahidín combatieron en el teatro de operaciones centro-asiático, intentaré presentar un panorama de lo que las tropas de la alianza anglo-estadounidense podría encontrar ahora, en momentos en que el inicio de las operaciones terrestres sobre Afganistán está teniendo lugar (2).
		Aquí, los Basmachi (término que proviene del turco y hace referencia al verbo "atacar" -basmak-), se rebelaron contra la autoridad bolchevique, que intentó dar por tierra la independencia declarada por los protectorados de Khiva y Bukhara, la ciudad de Kokand y los pueblos del valle de Fergana luego de la caída del Zarismo.
		Los Basmachi, carentes de lo que fue inicialmente un irreductible apoyo de la población e inmersos en divergencias de comando según líneas étnicas, vieron gradualmente erosionada la asistencia en materia de hombres, armas, información, comida, ropa y medicinas.
	www.transoxiana.com.ar /0103/taliban.html (2928 words)

	Basmachi revolt - Result for Basmachi revolt - Meaning of Basmachi revolt - Definition of Basmachi revolt - Dictionary ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Basmachi revolt - Result for Basmachi revolt - Meaning of Basmachi revolt - Definition of Basmachi revolt - Dictionary of Meaning - www.mauspfeil.net
		The rebels who started the revolt were called ''Basmachi'', or 'Bandits', a deliberately pejorative term which has much the same meaning as '' Dacoit '' in India.
		There you find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Basmachi revolt.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Basmachi_Revolt.html (433 words)

	Tajikistan - The Basmachi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Russians applied a derogatory term, Basmachi (which originally meant brigand), to the groups.
		The several Basmachi groups had conflicting agendas and seldom coordinated their actions.
		However, the Basmachi movement became more divided and more conservative as it gained numerically.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-13611.html (314 words)

	NewsCentralAsia - Rewriting History: Emerging Identities and Nationalism in Central Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This is akin to the Basmachi movement, or the Movement for the Liberation thereof, of Central Asia during 1916 1930s, as described by one of their leaders, Togan:
		Among earlier Basmachi, as was the case among the Western Turks, the spiritual leader of the Ozbek and Turkmen bands was Koroglu.
		Basmachi of Bukhara, Samarkand, Jizzakh and Turkmen gathered at nights to read Koroglu and other dastans.
	www.newscentralasia.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=942 (3637 words)

	Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative •• Türk Öykürleri Sandığı
		For that reason, a portion of the Basmachi were not at all affected by the lapse of the Emirate.
		The atrocities of the Russians were increasing the resolve of the Society and the Basmachi:
		A Basmachi, Mustafa Shahkul observed: "This communist woman was so ugly and despicable that any man swearing off all women because of her would not have been unjustified."48
	aton.ttu.edu /Basmachi_Movement.asp (12908 words)

	The MOUT Homepage
		The Basmachi were resistance fighters in Central Asia who resisted the imposition of Red rule from 1918 to 1933.
		A good English-language account of the Basmachi resistance is in Dr. Robert F. Bauman’s Russian-Soviet Unconventional Warfare in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Afghanistan, Leavenworth Paper Number 20, Combat Studies Institute, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1993.
		Fourth, the Mujahideen used examples from the Basmachi movement and employed terror and ideological conditioning on a peaceful populace as well as on local government representatives.
	www.specialoperations.com /mout/soviet16.html (617 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		Basmachi Basmachibäsmä´chē, revolt against Communist rule in Central Asia by Muslims and bandits, 1917-30.
		The Basmachi fought a guerrilla war against the Red Army, leading uprisings in the Fergana and Pamir regions.
		Government efforts at simultaneously acceding to ethnic demands and ruthlessly pursuing the guerrillas led to t...
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Basmachi (56 words)

	[No title]
		Foreword by Basmachi You are all familiar with the local psychologists that have appeared here to comment on various vital issues, and we hope that you will appreciate today's author.
		Dr.Root Westheimer is a renowned columnist, authoress and leading authority on the joys of six [sic], who has agreed to enlighten us and grace her favorite audience -- MIT student -- with her guest appearance.
		I am certainly glad when even persons of such high intellectual capacity as MIT students are following my advice, but I would like them also to consider the implications their aspirations to sexual fulfillment has on their friends.
	web.mit.edu /afs/.athena/activity/d/dom/Kitchen/74 (684 words)

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