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Topic: Basque Country (Autonomous Community of Spain)

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Basque Country (autonomous community)

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	Basque Country (autonomous community) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Basque Country (Basque Euskadi, Spanish País Vasco) is an autonomous community with the status of historical region within Spain, the capital of which is Vitoria (Basque Gasteiz).
		The political structure of the autonomous communities is defined in the Gernika Statute, which was approved in a controversial--and substantially boycotted--referendum on October 25, 1979.
		The current laws configure the autonomous community as a federation of the three constituent provinces, which had been ruled since their incorporation to Castile in 1200 by their own laws and institutions in what is known as the Foral System.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community) (818 words)

	Spain - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Spain is, at present, what is called a State of Autonomies, formally unitary but, in fact, functioning as a Federation of Autonomous Communities, each one with different powers (for instance, some have their own educational and health systems, others do not) and laws.
		Spain is bound to the east by Mediterranean Sea (containing the Balearic Islands), to the north by the Bay of Biscay and to its west by the Atlantic Ocean, where the Canary Islands off the African coast are found.
		Spain became a unified crown with the union of Castile and Aragon in 1492 and the annexation of Navarre in 1515.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/s/p/a/Spain.html (5244 words)

	Basque Country (Spain) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In 1936 the Basque Autonomous Government (whose Lehendakari president—; was José Antonio Agirre) was created, with representation of all the democratic parties, and the Ikurriña was declared by law the Basque flag.
		The Ikurriña is the symbol of the Basques of Euskadi (under Spanish rule), Iparralde (under French rule), Navarre (under Spanish-French rule) and foreign residents in America, Europe and Australia (the Ikurriña is in the flag of Saint Pierre and Miquelon).
		The ikurriña was designed by the Biscay brothers Sabino and Luis Arana for the province of Biscay, and it derives from the Biscay coat-of-arms (the red field is from the ancient Biscay flag, the white cross from the argent cross of the coat-of-arms [which shows behind the tree] and the green saltire from the tree).
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/es-pv.html (1779 words)

	Basque Country - Simple English Wikipedia
		Since then, Basque people from that area of Basque Country has had their own government, and fought for gain the North part of Basque Country from Frenchs.
		Today, three of the Basque districts in Spain--Araba, Bizkaia, and Gipuzkoa--form a political unit known as an autonomous community of Spain.
		This three-district community is called Euskadi or the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Basque_Country (328 words)

	Spanish language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In European countries other than Spain, it may be spoken by some of their Spanish-speaking immigrant communities, primarily in Andorra (where it is spoken by a great part of the population, despite having no official status), the Netherlands, Italy, France, Germany and the United Kingdom where there is a strong community in London.
		Among the countries and territories in Oceania, Spanish is the seventh most spoken language in Australia(100,000 speakers); where there is an older Argentine, Chilean and Spanish community and growing Colombian and Mexican communities mainly in Sydney.
		In Spain the Castilian dialect pronunciation is commonly taken as the national standard (although the characteristic weak pronouns usage or laísmo of this dialect is deprecated).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_language (3930 words)

	Arachne @ Rutgers - Volume 2, Number 2 - Bilingual Education in the Basque Country
		Basque society expects the younger generations to guarantee Basque language maintenance and the primary education system to teach it to monolingual children and produce an increasing number of balanced bilinguals.
		Since full immersion in Basque does not bring along an academic burden on children coming from Spanish-speaking families, and since full competence of Spanish is ensured even in full immersion in Basque programs, parents prefer to reinforce the presence of Basque in the education of their children.
		The Basque case is often described as a success, given the remarkable increase in the number of bilingual speakers in the younger generations and the wider presence of Basque in status-stressing situations.
	arachne.rutgers.edu /vol2_2amorrortu.htm (6297 words)

	[No title]
		It is divided into two autonomous communities (Euskadi and Navarre) in the south, located on the Iberian Peninsula, and the community of the North Basque Country in the Aquitaine (France).
		Basque is spoken today by over half a million people and this vestige of old European languages coexists with Spanish in the south and French in the north.
		In the field of the media in the Basque Country the appearance of the national public media: EITB (Basque Radio-Television) has been the most important event in the past two decades since the death of General Franco and the instauration of the democratic monarchy2.
	www.ehu.es /zer/zer2/10artpala.html (6016 words)

	La Rioja
		La Rioja is a province and autonomous community of northern Spain, south of the Basque Country and Navarre, and northeast of Castile-Leon.
		Historically a province of Castile, it was made into an autonomous community during the reorganization following the democratic transition, owing to its economic distinction from the surrounding regions.
		It is the smallest autonomous community in Spain.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/la/La_Rioja.html (92 words)

	GeoNative - Meet Euskal Herria, The Basque Country
		The Basque Country is a nation in southwestern Europe.
		The Basque Country is the territory which is historically, ethnically and culturally Basque.
		There is another minority language in the Basque Country: Occitan; several hundred people (or a few thousand) speak Gascon and Bearnais dialects of Occitan in the french side of the Basque Country.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/basque.html (1260 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Polls to test Basque ambitions
		Basques go to the polls on Sunday in a regional election which could set the Basque country on a new course.
		The Basques opposed to independence are particularly worried about Mr Ibarretxe's partisan use of Basque identity, and the danger that his initiative would turn non-Basques into second-class citizens in the small region of two million people.
		But polls suggest that political change at the helm of the Basque country is unlikely and observers expect the deadlock between the Basque government and the ruling Socialists in Madrid to continue.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/low/europe/4448651.stm (815 words)

	What is the Basque Country?
		The Basque Country is 20,664 square kilometers of land that is located in the north of Spain and the south of France.
		Basques are known for their connection with the environment and their mysterious and intriguing history.
		Basque provinces in the south of France (Lapurdi, Zuberoa, Benafarroa), where Basque is not an official language, do not have the power to govern themselves.
	www.uiowa.edu /intlinet/projects/booma/project/language.htm (998 words)

	Interruption of measles transmission in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country), Spain
		In Spain, measles vaccination (Schwartz strain) was included in the vaccination calendar in 1978, producing a marked decrease of the incidence of measles infection.
		In the Basque Autonomous Community, a second dose of this vaccine was introduced for children aged 11 years in the 1991-92 academic year.
		In countries approaching the interruption of indigenous measles transmission, cases of rubella are not infrequently mistaken for measles [1].
	www.eurosurveillance.org /em/v09n05/0905-224.asp (1695 words)

	Spain, the Basque Country and ETA
		There was no social or political discontentment in the Basque country until the 20th century; the change would be thanks to fascism, in the form of the Generalísimo Francisco Franco, the demagogue who would lead the Nationalists to victory in the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930's.
		Attacks tend to happen in Madrid, the Basque Country and Navarra, probably in that order of frequency, but in the latter two there are minor acts of politcally-motivated violence and vandalism (probably not by ETA themselves) nearly every week.
		A sizable minority of Basques today do want independence from Spain, either because of left-over spite or because they have been raised with that philosophy, the constructed sense that the Spanish are the invaders in their homeland.
	www.unc.edu /~gjc1175/pamplona/culture.html (1284 words)

	SFEE - Ibarretxe Plan
		On Tuesday, February 1st, the Lehendakari defended the new political statute of free association ("Ibarretxe Plan") between the Basque Autonomous Community and Spain in Madrid at the Spanish Parliament.
		The future of self-government in the Basque Country is not going to be decided in meetings between you, Mr Zapatero, and you, Mr Rajoy.
		Autonomous Judiciary, which with together with the Basque Parliament and the Basque Government would complete self-government of the Basque Country.
	www.sfbasque.org /Ibarretxe.htm (250 words)

	The Ultimate Basque Country Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		The Basque Country (Euskal Herria in Basque) straddles the western Pyrenees mountains that define the border between France and Spain, extending down to the coast of the Bay of Biscay.
		Today, the Southern Basque Country falls within the Spanish autonomous communities of the Basque Country and Navarra-Navarre-Nafarroa, and the Northern Basque country forms part of the French département of Pyrénées Atlantiques.
		Basque nationalism emerged in the early 20th century as the aspiration for such a nation state.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Basque_country (344 words)

	Berria.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Statute of Gernika, was 25 years old yesterday and, to mark the occasion, the Basque Government, met at the Ajuria Enea residence of the Lehendakari (Basque President) in the Basque administrative Capital of Gasteiz.
		In the words of the Lehendakari, it is the Basques themselves who will decide what the “stations” should be, but he made it patently clear that political party “insults” will not stop the train.
		This is why, the President argued, the Basque Autonomous Community and Spain have to come up with “a reformed agreement for living alongside one another” and why, “just one year ago today, the Basque Government introduced a proposal for the reform of the Statute".
	www.berria.info /english/ikusi.php?id=929 (481 words)

	globalinfo.org - Oct 4, SPAIN (#32643)
		Asked about the position taken by the government of the Basque autonomous community -- Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities -- which is run by a nationalist coalition, Pagazaurtundúa said the administration is a team that divvies up the roles of "good guys" and "bad guys".
		Múgica, who is from the Basque country, also spoke out against dialogue and said terrorism must continue to be fought with the full force of the law.
		Iparraguirre, better known by her nom de guerre Anboto, was born and raised in a small town in the Basque country, in a home where her parents hid members of ETA and weapons for 10 years.
	www.globalinfo.org /eng/reader.asp?ArticleId=32643 (970 words)

	NCCRESt - Basque, Spanish, French and English in the Basque Country (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		This paper analyzes the demographic, sociolinguistic, and educational status of Basque in the whole of the Basque country: the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC), Navarre in Spain, and the Northern Basque Country in France.
		The use of Basque is most influenced by the user's competence in the language and the use of Basque in the user's social networks and the sociolinguistic area where he or she resides.
		Basque as a medium of instruction has increased somewhat in the BAC and Navarre but is still very weak in the Northern Basque Country, across the border in France.
	nccrest.edreform.net /resource/7888 (260 words)

	NationMaster - Statistics on Spain. 4171 facts and figures, stats and information on Spanish economy, crime, people, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Spain's powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command of the seas to England.
		In the second half of the 20th century, Spain has played a catch-up role in the western international community; it joined the EU in 1986.
		Spain is a decentralized country divided in 17 communities and 2 cities (Ceuta, Melilla).
	www.nationmaster.com /country/sp (1049 words)

	Basque Country - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Basque Country refers to a group of places inhabited by Basque people:
		The Basque Country (historical territory) (Euskal Herria) is the traditional area inhabited by Basques, claimed by Basque nationalists.
		The Basque Country (autonomous community) (País Vasco or Euskadi) is an autonomous community of Spain, the only currently recognised entity named 'Basque Country'
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Basque_Country (139 words)

	Gibraltar - Information & Images
		It has been suggested that this is on the grounds that the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), under which Spain ceded the territory to the British Crown, states that should the British Crown dispose of Gibraltar, it must be first offered to Spain.
		Neither the United Kingdom, nor Spain seem keen to test the legal status of Clause X of the Treaty of Utrecht in court.
		Spain argues that Gibraltar's status is an anachronism, and that it should become an autonomous community of Spain, similar to Catalonia or the Basque Country.
	www.gibnet.com /data/politics.htm (676 words)

	Spain - Basque Country - Holidays & Information - Totally Spain
		Vitoria: Capital of the Basque Country with remarkable monumental buildings such as the Gothic Santa Maria Cathedral, the Churches of San Pedro and San Miguel.
		There are signs of the dawning of human life in the Basque Country from the end of the Early Stone Ages, some 100,000 years ago.
		It is constituted as an Autonomous Community whose capital is Vitoria, and it is divided into three provinces: Alava, Bizkaia y Gipuzkoa.
	www.totallyspain.com /spain_travel_information.asp?id=7 (1436 words)

	Coat-of-Arms (Basque Country, Spain)
		This sentence was observed by the Basque government, and an Agreement of March 25th, 1986 modified the Arms, removing the Navarran chains leaving the fourth quarter plain red.
		The Constitutional Court (highest Court of Justice in Spain) agreed, and the Basque Government had to leave the 4th quarter empty, with a red background as had previously shown, but without the chains that stand for the ancient Kingdom of Navarre.
		I have always wondered why the quarters in the Basque Autonomous Community coat-of-arms are not exactly the same as the traditional coats-of-arms of the three provinces.
	www.fotw.net /Flags/es)pv.html (1662 words)

	Home
		Basque way of life and heritage in a way which many see to be too violent.
		They want to have all the Basque prisoners that are held in jails in Spain and in France released and returned to the Basque region.
		The tourist industry in Spain is ranked among the largest in the world and so it is no wonder that the government has become increasingly wary.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~ekrieder/pol116.html (711 words)

	[No title]
		Basque regional Prime Minister Juan José Ibarretxe and his Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) are waging a war against Madrid.
		“The Basques want to decide their own future, and they also want to part, once and for all, with the barbarity of the ETA [the Basque separatist movement, Euskadi ta Askatasuna],” Ibarretxe was quoted in El Mundo’s special report on the plan (November 2003).
		The solution, according to Ibarretxe, is a political agreement granting the Basque Autonomous Community the status of a “free associated state,” with its own foreign policy, separate courts, and representation in the European Union, to be decided in a referendum in 2005.
	www.worldpress.org /article_model.cfm?article_id=1876&dont=yes (505 words)

	ipedia.com: Basque Country (autonomous community) Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Basque Country (Basque Euskadi, Spanish País Vasco) is an autonomous community of the Spanish state whose capital is Vitoria (Basque Gasteiz).
		It is part of the larger Basque native lands, which are also called the “Basque Country.”
		Before the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and its system of autonomous communities, these three provinces were known in Spanish as the Provincias Vascongadas.
	www.ipedia.com /basque_country__autonomous_community_.html (142 words)

	SPAIN: The future? The Basque provinces
		In fact, the Basque population, nationalist or not, is much more moderate and rational than their political leaders and we have in common a lot of cultural values.
		Yugoslavia is an example of a former stable and relatively prosperous country that has be leaded to disaster by incompetent politicians (Milosevic, Tudjman, etc) and the lack of vision (or excess of ambition) of politicians of other countries.
		The nazis in Spain, as the Falange, have no real strength in Spain, but again, as in the Basque Country, radical leaders could find their way in the xenophobia of a lot of young people.
	www.stanford.edu /group/wais/Spain/spain_futurebasqueprovinces51001.html (1084 words)

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