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Topic: Bastard feudalism

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	feudalism - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Feudalism was based on contracts made among nobles, and although it was intricately connected with the manorial system, it must be considered as distinct from it.
		The feudal method of holding land was by fief; the grantor of the fief was the suzerain, or overlord, and the recipient was the vassal.
		Feudalism in pre-colonial Malaya: the past as a colonial discourse.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-feudalis.html (1645 words)

	Patrons and Patronised Relationships: Affinity and ‘Bastard Feudalism’ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The main instruments of the new retaining of bastard feudalism were the indenture and the letter patent, creating feed retainers for a fixed number of years, usually for life.
		A further aspect of bastard feudalism was the fact that it could enable members of the gentry to rise in the social hierarchy.
		Bastard feudalism has consequently often been blamed for the social problems of the period as the maintenance of criminals by lords was much complained about in contemporary parliaments and the government tried repeatedly to legislate against it such as the Statute on livery and maintenance of 1390.
	www.le.ac.uk /hi/jsb16/patronage.htm (1991 words)

	[No title]
		For some, the crucial feature of bastard feudalism is the introduction of the written contract and paid cash stipends, and a corresponding decline in tenurial land grants, whilst others see it as the mutual relationship between a lord and his affinity, with each helping to strengthen the other's position in society.
		Bean, whilst accepting that there are ‘fundamental weaknesses in the basic assumption underlying the classic interpretation of bastard feudalism’, perceives a change in the evolution in the concept of lordship between the time of the Conquest, and the later medieval period, with the role of lord being replaced by that of a patron.
		Bastard feudalism, therefore, can be seen as an attempt by the higher aristocracy to preserve their primacy in a time of social upheaval, and it should be pointed out that the benefit was mutual with both parties gaining much from the association.
	users.powernet.co.uk /barfield/chap3.htm (13946 words)

	Feudalism
		The grantor was lord of the grantee, his vassal, but both were free men and social peers, and feudalism must not be confused with seignorialism, the system of relations between the lords and their peasants in the same period.
		Under the leadership of their feudal lords, the united vassals were able to fend off invaders and then to create feudal principalities of some size and complexity.
		This "bastard feudalism" was but a step away from purely mercenary fighting, and in Italy the Renaissance condottieri, some of whom were Englishmen trained in transalpine war, had indeed made that transition.
	www.blackstudies.ucsb.edu /antillians/feudalism.html (2385 words)

	Feudalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Feudalism refers to a general set of reciprocal legal and military obligations among the warrior nobility of Europe during the Middle Ages, revolving around the three key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs.
		Bloch conceived of feudalism as a type of society that was not limited solely to the nobility.
		This corruption of the form is often referred to as "bastard feudalism".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Feudalism (2854 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Feudalism
		Feudalism, therefore, by connecting ownership of land with governmental work, went a large way toward solving that ever present difficulty of the land question; not, indeed, by any real system of land nationalization, but by inducing lords to do work for the country in return for the right of possessing landed property.
		And in France, where feudal vassalage was very strong, there was a royal court to which a dependent could appeal from that of his lord, as there were also royal cases, which none but the king could try.
		Since feudalism was based on the idea of land tenure paid for by governmental work, every process that tended to alter this adjustment tended also to displace feudalism.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06058c.htm (6863 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for feudalism
		serf under feudalism, peasant laborer who can be generally characterized as hereditarily attached to the manor in a state of semibondage, performing the servile duties of the lord (see also manorial system).
		investiture in feudalism, ceremony by which an overlord transferred a fief to a vassal or by which, in ecclesiastical law, an elected cleric received the pastoral ring and staff (the symbols of spiritual office) signifying the transfer of the office.
		demesne, land under feudalism kept by the lord for his own use and occupation as distinguished from that granted to tenants.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=feudalism (420 words)

	FEUDALISM - Hindu & Adat Bali > Media Anak Muda Bali > Artikel Bali
		Feudalism was a system of contractual relationships among the members of the upper class in medieval Europe, in which Lords made grants of fiefs to vassals in return for pledges of military and political service.
		Feudalism had not even fully developed as yet, and when it did, it was a force for the reintegration of Europe rather than otherwise.
		In England and in Spain the feudal monarchies evolved into parliamentary monarchies by the late 13th century as representatives of the bourgeoisie were called to the councils of the king along with churchmen and nobles.
	www.iloveblue.com /bali_gaul_funky/artikel_bali/detail/1292.htm (6600 words)

	Feudalism - MSN Encarta
		Because the feudal relationship was contractual, false actions on either side could cause breach of contract.
		During the 13th century feudalism reached the zenith of development and also began to decline.
		The fief was embedded in the customary law of western Europe, and the incidents of feudalism, such as wardship and marriage, escheat and forfeiture, continued to flourish after feudal military service died out.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568817_3/Feudalism.html (854 words)

	Subinfeudation and Subterfuge
		But before one accuses it of bastardizing feudalism, it is necessary to have a clearer idea of what “feudalism” is understood to mean.
		[13] Harding sees feudalism’s “decay” as military service was commuted to scutage and feudal aids replaced by national taxation; yet he also sees primogeniture as fundamental, arguing that feudalism was “giving way” to the desire of men to alienate or entail lands for their children.
		It is clear that the mechanisms for evading feudal incidents were perceived as a significant threat to lords’ income in the thirteenth century.
	www.stevesachs.com /papers/paper_1133.html (3642 words)

	Wondering - Castle Quest
		Your question is much more difficult than you think,assuming your talking about the middle ages rather then the turn of the 18th into the 19th century.The mddle ages saw more profound cultural changes than America has seen and all these changes effected both comital households and the institutions of the MA.
		Being overly simple the MA can be divided into two periods:feudalism proper and bastard feudalism.The major difference between them being that feudalism was based mainly on a barter economy and bastard feudalism founded upon a market economy.
		FEUDALISM During this period knighthood was the initiation into adulthood and knights always were warrior knights and squires always boys in training to be knights.
	www.castlesontheweb.com /quest/Forum8/HTML/000023.html (536 words)

	Bastard feudalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bastard feudalism is a term that has been used to describe feudalism in the Late Middle Ages, primarily in England.
		To him, what was central to bastard feudalism was not the financial aspect (the sums involved were mostly negligible) but the concept of service in exchange for good favour.
		Among today's historians, the concept of feudalism is considered problematic, bastard feudalism no less so.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bastard_feudalism (364 words)

	Stephen Morillo \| A "Feudal Mutation"? Conceptual Tools and Historical Patterns in World History \| Journal of World ...
		I argue, first, that "feudalism" is not a useful term and concept in analyzing any aspect of world history, and, second, that the mutation Barendse describes, whatever we call it, did not actually happen.
		Since "feudalism" has long since became shorthand for these conventional interpretations, the term in its restricted military sense is as misleading as in its broad Marxist sense.
		Thus, regarding the question of whether "feudalism" is a useful term and concept in analyzing world history, I remain inclined to reject it on linguistic, historiographical, and theoretical grounds alone.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/jwh/14.4/morillo.html (7158 words)

	Haines Brown, Feudalism in World History Checklist
		"The Feudalism of Marc Bloch." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 76: 275-283.
		McFarlane, Kenneth B. "Bastard Feudalism." Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 20: 161-180.
		A Contribution to the History of Feudalism in Byzantium and in the South-Slavic Lands (in Serbian).
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/10/001.html (5289 words)

	The Three Estates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The patriarch (and his second in command, his wife) was responsible for the physical, spiritual, and moral well-being of the children and servants.
		Feudalism: series of contracts regulating the use of land, a system which developed in an agrarian society with limited coinage and literacy.
		The monarch owned all the land; he gave its use ("holdings" or "manors") to the members of the warrior class ("tenants") in return for military service.
	www.tcnj.edu /~graham/estates (850 words)

	Madeline Hunter - History
		For example, by the 14th century, feudalism had become a mere echo of its former self and had developed features that cause historians to refer to it as "bastard feudalism".
		The old system of feudal obligations, of vassals answering the lord's call to arms, had been replaced by a system of monetary payments.
		They could earn money selling the excess products of their labor (that is how they got the coin to pay the feudal fees), and they at least had a place that provided some security.
	www.madelinehunter.com /history.html (3384 words)

	Medieval England 1066-1399 - Essay Titles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Was the rise of the Gentry the most significant social change of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries ?
		"Feudalism was everywhere and in every way in decline." Can this judgment be applied to developments in England by 1400 ?
		Examine the role of the 100 Years War in the emergence of Bastard Feudalism.
	www.the-orb.net /wales/h3h03/h3h03e17.htm (241 words)

	Catastrophic Dimensions:The Rupture of English and Irish Identities in Early Modern Ireland, 1534-1615
		The reversion of the Kildare lands to the crown set the Pale at risk for invasion by the Gaelic Irish on its borders, and the administration soon recognized the necessity of a royal garrison to replace the disbanded Kildare retinues.
		He would reform the feudal lordships by instituting provisional councils, with jurisdiction confined to areas where English law had formerly prevailed and areas that had been drawn into English law by surrender and re-grant.
		Coyne and Livery was a Gaelic extraction that provided for private military retinues, not unlike the system of bastard feudalism characteristic of fifteenth-century England.
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /journals/EH/EH41/Cunnane41.html (9116 words)

	[No title]
		Under "classic" feudalism the nobles usually fought to weaken the power of the king.
		Under bastard feudalism the nobles didn't want to destroy the system, but various factions of nobles would try to take over the royal system.
		The Wars of the Roses, under Henry VI for the most part, were the last gasps of bastard feudalism in England.
	www.users.muohio.edu /erlichRD/shax-film2001/h4_guide.html (9367 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The social violence before and during the Wars of the Roses is often blamed on a phenomenon known as "bastard feudalism." Bastard feudalism is a form of patronage and clientage that does not depend on the granting of fiefs in land.
		In this period, lords and their men regulated their relationships by written contracts, called indentures.
		Livery and maintenance or bastard feudalism cannot, however, be blamed for the Wars of the Roses.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/muhlberger/rose_wars.html (2326 words)

	WORTHPLAYING - - All about games !
		I presume it to be set in the distant future, where the Wheel O’ Society has been spun again and wound up on feudalism.
		Noted bastard King Folger has been oppressing the peasants of the land of Midden for long enough, so the notorious outlaws the Lionhearts have taken up arms against him.
		The Lionhearts consist of the human Roman, the leader of the group; Q, an enormous robot with a near-fetishistic love for tea; and Jonesy, an ambulatory Scottish mole-man with a penchant for explosions.
	www.worthplaying.com /print.php?sid=14192 (1318 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This section considers four historical forces that shaped the poet's depiction of fourteenth-century culture in the poem: archery, bastard feudalism, criminal gangs, and mercantilism.
		As J. Maddicott relates, the poem "speaks the language of bastard feudalism and it is the language of the fourteenth century rather than of the thirteenth."
		The key to understanding bastard feudalism lies in the nature of the indentured retainer, who served his lord in the upper and lower households, on the land as a tenant, in the courts and parliament as an extraordinary retainer, and on the battlefield as a paid man-at-arms or archer.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~ohlgren/RobinHood/JEGP.htm (11771 words)

	Feudalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		"Feudalism: The History of a Concept." Lordship and Community in Medieval Europe: Selected Readings.
		"The Feudal Revolution." Past and Present, 142 (1994): 6-42.
		Brown, Elizabeth A. "The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe." The American Historical Review, 79 (1974): 1063-88.
	www2.tltc.ttu.edu /howe/feudalis.htm (190 words)

	The Richard III and Yorkist History Server
		Coss, P.R. "Bastard Feudalism Revised," Past and Present, No. 125 (1989): 27-64.
		Lewis, N.B. "The Feudal Summons of 1385," English Historical Review, 100 (1985): 729-43; with a comment by J.J.N. Palmer, pp.
		McFarlane, K.B. "Bastard Feudalism," Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 20 (1943-45): 161-80.
	www.r3.org /learn/resources/reeves_biblio.html (3035 words)

	YLS Bib - Main (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The ideal community envisioned by the poem, especially in the portion dominated by Piers, is a rural and agricultural one, in which roles are figured on the basis of feudal and manorial relationships.
		The Visio portrays a "bastard feudalism" in a state of decline.
		The common solution provided in each of its episodes is not to reform the outer apparatus of socio-political institutions, but must be provided by the inner dynamic of human moral activity.
	www.yls.cornell.edu /bib97.html (7547 words)

	Castles of the Yorkshire Dales · [ Hellifield Peel ] · written by Glyn Harris for Daelnet's The Yorkshire ...
		It is said to have been built by Lawrence Hammerton circa 1440 - 41.
		At this time, bastard feudalism, the practise of keeping a retinue of men bound by indenture, was at its height.
		Quarrels were often solved by violent clashes between rival families and their private armies.
	www.dales-castles.org.uk /hellifield.htm (231 words)

	EARLY MODERN BRITISH HISTORY
		Hicks, 'Bastard Feudalism, Overmighty Subjects and Idols of the Multitude during the Wars of the Roses', History, 85 (2000)
		K.B. McFarlane, 'Bastard Feudalism', Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, xx (1945), and in K.B. McFarlane, England in the Fifteenth Century: Collected Essays, London, 1981
		Q: 'The Wars of the Roses were the result not so much of royal weakness as of "bastard feudalism"'.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/831/83103bklst.htm (7155 words)

	The Richard III and Yorkist History Server
		General studies on the reigns of Edward IV and Richard III leave a one-dimensional picture of Edward IV's best friend, his close companion and the man who would not abandon Edward's sons.
		Work specifically dedicated to Hastings, such as Professor Dunham's pioneering book, tend to concentrate on his specific relations with the structures in the localities and are more interested in illuminating bastard feudalism.
		Recent works which deal with Hastings, mot notably by Ian Rowney, Michael Hicks, Susan Wright, and Christine Carpenter, concern themselves with Hastings' position within the local gentry power structure.
	www.r3.org /edu8.html (710 words)

	English Political Culture in the Fifteenth Century Canadian Journal of History - Find Articles
		Simply in bringing these topics together, Hicks does a service by illustrating the parameters of public discussion and dissent in fifteenth-century England.
		A chapter on "Bastard Feudalism" reflects the general trend of recent scholarship away from undue emphasis on the written records of indentured retaining in favour of a broader understanding of the lordly affinity to include the aristocratic household and estate administration in the architecture of affinities.
		Rather, Hicks believes in lordly effectiveness: "lords did rule their countries," he asserts (p.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_200412/ai_n13243898 (627 words)

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