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Topic: Bataks

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	The Bataks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Bataks were part of those ethnic groups of Australian heredity, often reported in ethnographical literature as "negritos", and considered true arcipelaghi aborigines of south east Asia, or rather a specific race of Homosapiens originating in these regions.
		Traditionally the Bataks lived on the coast exploiting the different ecological niches which included the coral reef and the mangrove forest.
		The Bataks utilised the natural resources and had a vision of the environment in which man, plants, animals and non-human entities shared the same territory, and their existence is governed by the same principles.
	www.musei.unina.it /Antropologia/eng/1.2.2.4.e1.htm (256 words)

	Hard Bargaining in Sumatra: Western Travelers and Toba Bataks in the Marketplace of Souvenirs, by Andrew Causey
		Hard Bargaining in Sumatra is an artfully written and penetrating examination of the interactions between Western travelers and Toba Batak wood carvers in the souvenir marketplaces of Samosir Island which sits in the middle of Lake Toba, one of the largest and deepest high mountain lakes in the world.
		Inhabiting the lake and its environs, the Toba Batak are the best-known of the five Batak tribes inhabiting northern Sumatra.
		Batak woodcarving, richly ornamented with mosaics, serpents, double spirals, lizards, life-giving female breasts, and elongated dark-colored monsters’ heads (singa) with bulging eyes, is especially sophisticated.
	www.baliadvertiser.biz /articles/tokobuku/2006/hard_bargaining.html (605 words)

	Some Result and Experiences - Philippines
		The majority of the Bataks in Kalakwasan are Evangelical (74%), while 5% are Protestants, 5% Catholic, with the remaining 16% still following the religion of their ancestors.
		According to the Bataks, among all the plants we collected together and identified, only 30 were irreplaceable for the same use if lost, or 'not substitutable'.
		These findings are surprising considering the Bataks' semi-nomadic lifestyle, but the establishments of a more permanent settlement in Kalakwasan may have influence their response, as it reveals heir perception of landscape.
	www.cifor.cgiar.org /mla/_ref/result/philippines.htm (973 words)

	Neubronners' in the Far East - Dr. Herman
		The DBS contracted Herman to undertake this task with the Bataks in Sumatra and to formulate a Batak-Dutch dictionary.
		Added to this was the scarcity of Batak writers and clerks, the climate, mosquitoes, financial problems, the lack of intellectual stimulation and the loneliness of bachelorhood.
		They in turn, decided that Herman’s work on the Bataks was adequate enough for their purpose and turned their attention to the Balinese.
	www.neubronnerweb.com /wst_page11.html (2818 words)

	Introduction to Sumatra Island (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Bataks have retained many of the ancient cultural traditions due to their isolation in the high mountains and live in tribal or clan groupings.
		According to tradition, all Bataks are descendants of Si Raja Batak, a hero-ancestor of supernatural parentage born on a holy mountain adjacent to Lake Toba.
		The highland Bataks are a group apart from the coastal Moslem Malays in the northeast and the primitive people of Nias island who have been protected by the sea from outside influence.
	www.bagus-discovery.com /ndbt/nusadua_bali_tours_travel_sumatra_profile.html (532 words)

	Travel in Sumatra - Indonesia - Asia - Culture - WorldTravelGate.net®- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Bataks, that infamous tribe of former cannibals and headhunters, inhabit an interior plateau of north-central Sumatra, surrounded by mountain peaks and centred on Lake Toba.
		Bataks are also renowned for their traditional architecture - houses built on stilts around two metres above the ground.
		Today there are more than six million Bataks, and their lands extend 200km north and 300km south of Danau Toba.
	www.asiatravelling.net /indonesia/sumatra/sumatra_culture.htm (841 words)

	[No title]
		The Bataks typically live in Malay-style homes, which are divided into rooms and roofed with corrugated iron rather than thatch.
		This hierarchy is based on social class background, closeness to the patriarch of the lineage, and occupational prestige.
		Batak villages have their own council of elders and chiefs who are selected according to their ancestral heritage.
	www.bonapasogit.nl /Pagina's/Engels/Tanah_Mandailing.htm (427 words)

	Price Compare ISBN 0824827473 Hard Bargaining in Sumatra: Western Travelers and Toba Bataks in the Marketplace of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Toba Batak carvings, ranging from simple human figures of wood to elaborately engraved water buffalo horns, are described in tourist guidebooks and by Toba Batak vendors alike as "traditional" and "antique," despite many recent changes and inventions in form.
		The Western tourist's desire for traditional art has encouraged Batak carvers to continue to make objects based on forms developed by their animist predecessors, the majority of whom converted to Christianity at the turn of the century.
		Toba Batak carving style, however, is far from static; artisans create innovative pieces that they frame within the same historically legitimizing narratives used for "traditional" objects.
	www.directtextbook.com /prices/0824827473 (1056 words)

	Batak (Indonesia) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of ethnic groups found in the highlands of North Sumatra Indonesia.
		Batak are known traditionally for their weaving, wood carving and especially ornate stone tombs.
		Bataks speak a variety of closely related languages, all members of the Austronesian language family.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Batak_(Indonesia) (388 words)

	Batak People
		At the beginning of this century the last Batak were placed under the authority of the Netherlands.
		Actually Batak is a general name for 6 groups with different cultural and linguistic characteristics, but they believe in a descent of a common ancestor.
		The Batak people composed of Batak Toba, Simulungun, Pak-Pak, and Karo, are known for their expressiveness, which is often materialized in lively and sentimental love songs.
	www.indonesianmusic.com /batak.htm (251 words)

	Martin Manurung - Being a Batak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Batak is one of the many ethnic groups in Indonesia.
		It also has an island in the middle of the lake; 'Pulo Samosir', which the ancient Batak indigenous religion believes as the place where the first humans were created by 'Ompu Mulajadi Nabolon' ('the prime cause'; the supreme god in Batak religion).
		The 'Eden' in the Batak religion is a hill called 'Si Anjur Mula-Mula' and the 'Adam' is called 'Raja ni Jolma' (the king of humans).
	martinmanurung.multiply.com /journal/item/78 (614 words)

	Medan - History \| by Andrew Do and Anh Ha
		In 1539, the Acehnese attacked the Bataks and in 1612, Aceh took Deli and Aru (in Medan area).
		The Batak war begins in the same year and lasts until 1894.
		King Sisisngamangaraja united all local Batak leaders and led the Bataks in the field.
	sky.prohosting.com /doey8/medan/history.htm (1057 words)

	Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia.
		Raffles found 'the Bataks are not a bad people, notwithstanding they eat one another.
		The principal Batak tribes live around the lake-on the shore the Toba's, on the east the Timurs, on the north the Karos, and on the west the Pakpaks(Dairi).
		The Batak Net is constructed for the purpose of putting all possible Batak culture, society, traditional custom, language,etc.in Internet, so that the other people knows better the Batak people and Batak land in North Sumatra, Indonesia.
	members.tripod.com /~sitogol/index.html (379 words)

	MedanPhotos.Com - Luxury Complete Photos The Medan City (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bataks who traditionally inhabit the inland areas of North Sumatra make up the majority.
		Until about a 100 years ago, the Bataks were active headhunters, which of course is commonly known in Indonesia and beyond.
		There are two groups of Bataks in Medan, the southern Bataks (Mandailing) who are Muslims, and the Northern Batak (Toba, Karo) who are predominantly Protestant Christians (due to the influence of a very successful German missionary, Ludwig Nommensen, 1834-1918).
	www.medanphotos.com (773 words)

	Philippines
		In the LPF project, MLA is being used to assess how the Bataks from Palawan use and perceive their natural resources.
		As well as revealing the Bataks' perceptions about their environment, MLA provides biodiversity information on the different types of landscapes and the condition of the forests.
		Information is also gathered on how the Bataks consider the different landscape units, how they think about the future of these landscapes and what role they would like to play in the management of the biodiversity in their territory.
	www.cifor.cgiar.org /mla/_ref/philippines/index.htm (406 words)

	Indonesia - Ultimate in Diversity
		Batak people are among the largest ethnic groups in Indonesia and live in North Sumatra around the Lake Toba and its surrounding mountains.
		Around the lake, Toba Bataks live in Boat shaped houses with long roofs as Karo Bataks live in square houses with a double-floor roof evocating a mountain.
		Toba Bataks still perform traditional dances, the tortor dance, which celebrates a gift exchange for a wedding.
	www.visit-indonesia.com.au /pages/about/people.php (1030 words)

	Welcome to Jakarta Convention Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Murry and Nita held their wedding reception which was previously took place at our Assembly Hall on December 4.The room was decorated in Batak (North Sumatra) style while the Bride and the Groom weared traditional Bataks' wedding attire with the same nuance.
		The wedding procession began with traditional Bataks' dancers together with the happy couple and family entered the Hall accompanied by traditional Bataks' music and songs.
		Then, each family gave ulos (traditional Bataks' shawl) to the Bride and the Groom as a symbol for the couple entering the new big family.
	www.jcc.co.id /news_view.php?id=1432 (166 words)

	H-Net Review: Leah Y. Potter on Hard Bargaining in Sumatra: Western Travelers and Toba Bataks in the Marketplace of ...
		The Toba Bataks who live there provide a variety of goods and services to visitors, but are best known for their intricate wooden carvings that some believe hold magical powers.
		Causey's search for a genuine Toba Batak artifact led him away from the tourist market to a private home where a woman sold him a "real antique." It was only after he boarded the ferry back to the mainland that he realized he had bought a fake.
		When Toba Batak carving was on the verge of dying out--largely because locals who converted to Christianity no longer desired objects associated with old ways--tourism revitalized the craft.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=22621104941860 (1896 words)

	Amherst College : News & Events : Amherst Magazine
		Almost more appalling was Lyman’s eager embrace of this hazardous opportunity to convert the heathen, to which he seems to have been prepared to sacrifice not only himself but his wife, "who was consumptive and was already spitting blood" when Lyman and his party arrived in Java.
		Yet in the presence of the armed Bataks Lyman and Munson failed to find those words that would make everything all right—unless it was when Munson, only wounded in the first attack, fell on his knees in prayer.
		But the Bataks also escape even these essays, and many Amherst graduates will recognize the English 1-2 experience in the theme of language failure at its worst.
	www.amherst.edu /magazine/issues/99to01/authors_99to01/au_wint00.htm (3686 words)

	WeddingsAtWork.com Culture - Philippine Wedding Practices
		The Bataks of Palawan also practice different sets of wedding arrangements.
		The engagement period and the actual wedding ceremony begin and end with a lavish celebration highlighted by a feast, a parade, music and dancing.
		To this day, the wedding practices of Ilocanos, Pangasinenses, Tagalogs, Aetas, Bataks, Muslims, and Igorots continue, handed down from their ancestors.
	www.weddingsatwork.com /culture_practices.shtml (885 words)

	HKBP Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (HKBP, pronounced hah-kah-bay-pay) grew out of the efforts of the German Rhenish Missionary Society, which began work in Batak country in 1861.
		Led by a resolute and clear-sighted missionary, Ludwig Ingwar Nommensen, "the Apostle to the Bataks" the missionaries pressed inland toward Lake Toba.
		The singing of many choirs in Batak worship are a vibrant expression of spiritual life and an invitation to the common praise of God.
	www.elca.org /countrypackets/indonesia/hkbp.html (545 words)

	Mandailing :: English :: Mandailing, not Malays, nor Bataks (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Classified as Bataks in Indonesia and as Malays in Malaysia, the Mandailings are however a distinct ethnic and cultural group from the Bataks and the Malays.
		Any study of the Mandailings as an appendix of the Bataks or Malays can only be superficial to say the very least.
		Since the Angkolas largely identify themselves as Bataks, this coupling only reinforces the notion that the Mandailing fall under the Batak label.
	www.mandailing.org.cob-web.org:8888 /Eng/mndnobatak.html (435 words)

	Hard Bargaining in Sumatra: Western Travelers and Toba Bataks in the Marketplace of Souvenirs (Southeast Asia) - Asia ...
		It immediately took me into the home of a very different family, sat me on a 'fancy mat' and amused me with a narrative by the author to his Toba Batak friends.
		The book enriched my understanding of a distant culture to a degree I could never have achieved by hopping a plane and wandering their marketplaces.
		When I saw a Toba Batak carving at an art museum a few weeks later, I had a wealth of feelings and observations that would never have occurred to me before.
	asiaforvisitors.com /include/amazon_dets.html?asin=0824827473 (825 words)

	LITERATURVERZEICHNIS
		François, J. 1931 25 Jaren onderwijs en zending bij de Karo Bataks (Naar anleiding van het 25-jarig jubileum van de leprozerie Laoe si Momo).
		Medan: Pusat Dokumentasi dan Pengkajian Kebudayaan Batak, Universitas HKBP Nommensen (stencil).
		Marcks, O. 1930 Bericht über die Häuptlingssprachen bei den Batak auf Sumatra.
	www.hawaii.edu /indolang/klage/downloads/Vol_1/biblio.html (1345 words)

	The War with the Newts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		These filthy Bataks," he would inform him with boundless disgust, "will even eat the jellyfish; there are more of them in the water than on the land, the women here smell of fish, you cannot imagine what it is like--what was I saying?
		The half-cast translated what he had said, as far as his vocabulary was able; and then he once again translated the Bataks long, but objective, verdict back to the captain.
		And while those two damned Sinhalese were under water cutting away the oysters--the oysters hold as fast to the rocks like a Jew holds to his faith and have to be cut away with a knife--the lizards were there watching them, and the Sinhalese thought they were sea monsters.
	gutenberg.net.au /ebooks06/0601981h.html (20128 words)

	THE WAR WITH THE NEWTS
		These filthy Bataks," he would inform him with boundless disgust, "will even eat the jellyfish; there are more of them in the water than on the land, the women here smell of fish, you cannot imagine what it is like - what was I saying?
		I might even still know my ten commandments and other scientifically proven facts; and an educated man will know the difference between a demon and an animal.
		The half-cast translated what he had said, as far as his vocabulary was able; and then he once again translated the Bataks long, but objective, verdict back to the captain.
	www.finitesite.com /dandelion/wwnbk1.htm (10964 words)

	Asia Finest Discussion Forum > Hinduism in Southeast Asia
		As the Portuguese came to trade for spices, they began to ally with the Islamic powers, which did not help the Majapahit.
		One third of the Bataks, particularly the Toba and Karo Bataks.
		In the early seventies, the Toraja people of Sulawesi were the first to be identified under the umbrella of 'Hinduism', followed by the Karo Batak of Sumatra in 1977 and the Ngaju Dayak of Kalimantan in 1980.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php/t21252.html (3575 words)

	Press Release - Cultural Tourism
		Almost entirely isolated from outsiders until the 1860s, when many converted to Christianity introduced by German Missionaries, the Toba Bataks have managed to keep many of their cultural traditions – ceremonies, festivals, music and dance – strong.
		His Bachelor and Masters degree research focused on the archeology and epigraphy of the ancient Maya peoples of present-day Mexico, Guatemala and Belize, but it was a tourist trip to Southeast Asia in 1989 that inspired him to shift his interests to the contemporary cultures of Indonesia.
		In 1994 he traveled with a Fulbright grant to northern Sumatra to investigate the marketplace interactions between western tourists and Toba Batak wood carvers.
	www.colum.edu /development/collrel/release02.html (533 words)

	ELCA Global Mission Bibliography: Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lehmann, Martin E. A Biographical Study of Ingwer Ludwig Nommensen, 1834-1918: Pioneer Missionary to the Bataks of Sumatra.
		Nyhus, Edward O. "An Indonesian Church in the Midst of Social Change: The Batak Protestant Christian Church, 1942-1957." Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1987.
		"Religion as the Basis of Social Change among the Bataks of North Sumatra." Ph.D. diss., Claremont Graduate School, 1968.
	www.elca.org /archives/dgm/indonesia.html (192 words)

	The History of North Sumatra
		The diversity of arts and cultures literally make this region a Garden of Eden for social scientists and culture seekers.
		It is a treasure chest of culture and tradition waiting to be explored, with ancient graves of Batak kings, unique dances and ceremonies, and beautiful arts and crafts.
		The province proudly boats of its Orang Utan Rehabilitation Center in the Gunung Leuser National Park which is bordered by the fast flowing Bohorok River and some delightful countryside and of course lake Toba, legendary birthplace of the mountain-dwelling Bataks and the largest inland lake in Southest Asia.
	www.indonesia-tourism.com /north-sumatra/history.html (326 words)

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