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Topic: Batak (Indonesia)

Related Topics

Batak (Philippines)

Batak alphabet

Toraja

Nuaulu

Makassarese

Sumatera Barat

Berastagi

Samosir

Becak

Medan, Indonesia

Sasak

Lake Toba

Indonesian Monarchies

Badui

Tuktuk

	Batak (Indonesia) Summary
		Batak religion, like Batak culture as a whole, is ethnically diverse, syncretic, changing, and bound at once to both village social organizational patterns and the monotheistic national culture of Indonesia.
		Batak religions tie these two realms to a larger cosmological order, which is then represented in various religious art forms (traditional house architecture, village spatial layout, and wood sculpture) and ritual activities (dances, oratory, and gift-giving ceremonies).
		Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of ethnic groups found in the highlands of North Sumatra Indonesia.
	www.bookrags.com /Batak_(Indonesia) (1541 words)

	Batak Religion
		Batak religion practised before the early nineteenth century was related to the indigenous religions of the Dayaks in Kalimantan, highland societies in Sulawesi, and the people of eastern Indonesia.
		In the 1820's Islam came to the southern Angkola and Mandailing homelands, and in the 1850's and 1860's Christianity arrived in the Angkola and Toba region with Dutch missionaries and the German Rheinische Mission Gesellschaft.
		The headquarters of the HKBP is at Tarutung in Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/indon/batak.html (1035 words)

	Batak (Indonesia) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Toba Batak are known traditionally for their weaving, wood carving and especially ornate stone tombs.
		Batak speak a variety of closely related languages, all members of the Austronesian language family.
		Simalungun Batak is an early offspring of the southern branch.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Batak_(Indonesia) (456 words)

	indahnesia.com - Indonesia - Country of 230 milion people, 15000 islands and 400 languages - Discover Indonesia Online
		The main variable of Indonesia's climate is not temperature or air pressure, but rainfall.
		Religion in Indonesia was a complex and volatile issue in the early 1990s, one not easily analyzed in terms of social class, region, or ethnic group.
		The subsequent spread of Islam into the archipelago in the 14th century forced the Majapahits to retreat to Bali in the 15th century.
	indahnesia.com /indonesia/indonesia.php (1098 words)

	Batak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Batak women are strong spirited and robust, not as coy as many of their Indonesian sisters.
		The majority of Indonesia's advance states arose in coastal valleys, rich in soil and accessible to trade, but the Bataks established their kingdom deep in the mountains.
		The Bataks are descendants of wandering clans of neolithic mountain dwellers from northern Thailand and Burma who, over 1500 years ago, were forced to the sea due to overcrowding from the southward migration of expanding Mongolian and Siamese tribes.
	www.waumans.nl /indonesia/batak/batak2.htm (1535 words)

	Indonesia Peoples of Sumatra
		Batak who resettle in urban areas, such as Medan and Jakarta, draw on marga affiliations for financial support and political alliances.
		Batak have shown themselves to be creative in drawing on modern media to codify and express their "traditional" adat.
		In addition, Batak have been prodigious producers of written handbooks designed to show young, urbanized, and secular lineage members how to navigate the complexities of their marriage and funeral customs.
	www.country-studies.com /indonesia/peoples-of-sumatra.html (1234 words)

	Indonesia - Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The term Bahasa Indonesia, which refers to a modified form of Malay, was coined by Indonesian nationalists in 1928 and became a symbol of national unity during the struggle for independence.
		Bahasa Indonesia was spoken in more than 90 percent of households in Jakarta, but outside the capital only 10 to 15 percent of the population spoke the language at home.
		Although Bahasa Indonesia is infused with highly distinctive accents in some regions (particularly in Maluku, parts of Nusa Tenggara, and in Jakarta), there are many similarities in patterns of use across the archipelago.
	countrystudies.us /indonesia/42.htm (392 words)

	Indonesian Architecture: Batak Toba houses Temple, near Lake Toba
		The Batak Toba are one of six Batak tribes that inhabit northern and central Sumatra.
		Batak Toba houses are found in groups of ten or less, constituting small villages.
		The roofs of the Batak Toba houses are formed of sugar palm fiber thatch, held together with rattan cords.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /toba/BATAKTOBAHOUSES.htm (417 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Malayan pt. 1
		Bahasa Indonesia is virtually the same language as Malay, the major difference being in the spelling: Bahasa Indonesia spelling was developed by the Dutch, while that of Malay was developed by the English.
		Batak is spoken on Sumatra, the westernmost of the major islands of Indonesia.
		The Dayak languages are spoken on Borneo and in Kalimantan, Indonesia, and on Sarawak in Malaysia.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/malayn1h.htm (1248 words)

	Toba Batak facts and activities information resource
		Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (HKBP) began with the German Rhenish Missionary Society in Batak country in 1861.
		Ludwig Ingwar Nommensen, "the Apostle to the Bataks", with his missionaries in the Lake Toba area translated the Christian Bible into Batak.
		In Indonesia alone there are between 350 and 700 different languages, depending on which reference you use and how you define what is a distinct "language".
	www.angelfire.com /ak3/alaskana/tobabatak.html (610 words)

	Music of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines Reading Assignments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Inspired by the music the medium becomes possessed by the spirits of the ancestors who are pleased to have been called and not infrequently ask the medium for their favourite song to be played.
		Among the Toba Batak in particular it frequently happens that the organizer of a "heathen" ceremony is excommunicated.
		Lastly, the popular folksongs of the Toba Batak should be mentioned, as well as their church choirs and the brass bands formed by the German missionaries as gondang substitutes.
	aris.ss.uci.edu /rgarfias/courses/philindo/batak.html (1620 words)

	Indonesia
		Given the richness of the land, it is hard to believe that Indonesia is a poor country (something caused chiefly by corrupt governments).
		Indonesia also grows a lot of wonderful spices such as cinnamon, clove, ginger, and of course pepper.
		The Batak bury their dead in a family grave which is often much richer than their own house.One thing you can't see in the pictures is that the Batak are excellent singers.
	www.jwandamy.net /indonesia.htm (1764 words)

	ARC - ARC Projects - Batak Church forestry in Sumatra
		This project, led by the indigenous Batak Church, is restoring forests to the hillsides around Lake Toba and on Samosir Island, to combat soil erosion and water scarcity that is especially severe during the dry seasons.
		The erosion is largely due to intentional burning of vegetation by local people, to make way for grassland for their free-roaming buffaloes and goats, and to cultivate food crops.
		The Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (HKBP) Church is the largest Lutheran Church in Asia, with nearly 3,000 mainly rural congregations amounting to 3 million members in the Batak country of North Sumatra.
	www.arcworld.org /projects.asp?projectID=212 (496 words)

	Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia.
		He admits that 'the Bataks' 'state of society is very peculiar'.
		The principal Batak tribes live around the lake-on the shore the Toba's, on the east the Timurs, on the north the Karos, and on the west the Pakpaks(Dairi).
		The Batak Net is constructed for the purpose of putting all possible Batak culture, society, traditional custom, language,etc.in Internet, so that the other people knows better the Batak people and Batak land in North Sumatra, Indonesia.
	members.tripod.com /~sitogol (379 words)

	Batak language and culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		FROM WIKIPEDIA The Batak alphabet (ethnonym surat batak) is a type of alphabet called an abugida that is used to write the Batak languages of northern Sumatra, an Austronesian language spoken by about three million people on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.
		In most Batak communities, only the priests, or datu are able to use the Batak alphabet, and use it mainly for magical texts and calendars.
		The Batak alphabet was probably derived from Pallava and Old Kawi alphabets, which ultimately were derived from the Brahmi alphabet, the root of almost all the Indic and Southeast Asian abugidas.
	www.lonweb.org /link-batak.htm (327 words)

	The Toba Batak of Indonesia - Thomas Tarleton and Claudia Simms
		The Toba Batak of Indonesia - Thomas Tarleton and Claudia Simms
		As all Batak legends can be traced back to Samosir, the Toba are believed to be the oldest clan, from which all the others probably descended.
		The earliest ancestors of the Batak came to Sumatra from Burma and Thailand around A.D. The first European to visit this area was probably Marco Polo.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1988/april/Sa13573.htm (321 words)

	Batak People
		At the beginning of this century the last Batak were placed under the authority of the Netherlands.
		Actually Batak is a general name for 6 groups with different cultural and linguistic characteristics, but they believe in a descent of a common ancestor.
		The Batak people composed of Batak Toba, Simulungun, Pak-Pak, and Karo, are known for their expressiveness, which is often materialized in lively and sentimental love songs.
	www.indonesianmusic.com /batak.htm (251 words)

	ARC - ARC Projects - Batak lake cleaning
		The Batak Church of Sumatra is a fascinating blend of the Batak indigenous culture with a vibrant Christianity.
		As such, the theology and practice of the Church is dynamically grounded in a deep respect for the natural world.
		Indonesian Christians are re-awakening traditional values by focusing on issues like deforestation and soil erosion, and through education, prayer and the authority of the local clan leaders.
	www.arcworld.org /projects.asp?projectID=177 (260 words)

	HKBP Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Led by a resolute and clear-sighted missionary, Ludwig Ingwar Nommensen, "the Apostle to the Bataks" the missionaries pressed inland toward Lake Toba.
		The singing of many choirs in Batak worship are a vibrant expression of spiritual life and an invitation to the common praise of God.
		The major ELCA participation in health care in Indonesia has been through the Community Health Development program of the Bethesda Hospital, an institution and program of the Simalungun Christian Protestant Church.
	www.elca.org /countrypackets/indonesia/hkbp.html (545 words)

	Alas - Un-Reached People Group Of Indonesia
		The Alas-Kluet Batak are near neighbors to the Gayo people and have a very similar lifestyle and culture.
		Because the Alas-Kluet Batak live in a somewhat isolated region, they have been very difficult to reach with the Gospel.
		Ask the Lord of the harvest to send forth missionaries, laborers or chruch planters to work among the Alas-Kluet Batak of Indonesia.
	www.seamist.org /peoples/alas-indo.shtml (669 words)

	May/August 1996
		At the Christmas service of the Batak seminary where Rob was teaching as a member of the Overseas Missionary Fellowship, choir members had just returned to their seats after singing "Angels We Have Heard on High" translated into the local language.
		Students draped in the ceremonial Batak cloth proceeded with poise and dignity toward the altar, in step to a form of music with which they were intimately acquainted--the music of traditional weddings, blessings, funerals and feasts--but had never before experienced in the context of Christian worship.
		He's learning all he can about traditional Batak music, asking people what they know and how they feel about it, and observing their behavior in situations where traditional music is performed.
	www.missionfrontiers.org /1996/0508/ma9613.htm (1470 words)

	AWK Samosir, Seniman Batak \| Tokoh Indonesia - Indonesian Famous - Tokoh Nasional
		Ia murid langsung almarhum Tilhang Oberlin Gultom itu (pendiri opera Batak akhir tahun 1920-an).
		Baptis, sidi, kawin, memasuki rumah, mengucapkan syukur untuk kandungan berusia tujuh bulan, mati, sampai mengumpulkan belulang orang mati kepinginnya orang Batak diselenggarakan dengan adat, selain ritus keagamaan.
		Sumber penting tentang opera Batak ini sedang menuturkan tiga tahun lalu ia memeluk Parmalim, agama orang Batak sebelum misi masuk di Tapanuli, yang kini punya penganut 10 keluarga di Jakarta.
	www.tokohindonesia.com /ensiklopedi/s/samosir-awk/index.shtml (1044 words)

	sumatra, indonesian music
		Sumatra is home to a number of differing races and people: the former head-hunters and cannibals of the Batak regions; the matrilineal Muslim Minangkabau and the primitive groups of the Mentawai Islands.
		If you are considering travelling to to Sumatra in the near future, you are advised to contact your embassy and avail yourself of the latest update on the security situation.
		Crouched in the lush rain forest of Indonesia's Kerinci-Sublat National Park, a Sumatran tiger stalks its prey.
	www.indonesianmusic.com /sumatra_general.htm (1244 words)

	Adherents.com: By Location
		To a considerable extent, however, Christian and Muslim Batak maintain beliefs and practices of the traditional religion alongside those of the newer creeds.
		This fusion of Hinduism, Mahayana Buddhism, and animism endured until Islam became the dominant religion of Indonesia around the beginning of the sixteenth century.
		Inhabiting the western third of the island, the Manggarai are the largest single ethnic group, numbering 400,000 out of the total Flores population of 1.4 million.
	www.adherents.com /adhloc/Wh_149.html (3245 words)

	Travelling to Indonesia (North Sumatra)
		The major tribes are the Malays of the eastern coast, the Bataks consisting of sub-tribes such as Toba, Simalungun, Pak Pak (Dairi), Karonese of the highlands around Lake Toba, the Mandailing and Angkolas from the southern part.
		Among the ancient Indonesian cultures which can be seen at Samosir island are the centuries old tombs of Batak Toba kings and a stone-table with its benches, where meetings were formerly held by the Siallagan chiefs.
		Jangga is a village of native Bataks, located in the hills, on the main road to other Batak communities living separately there, like Lumban Nabolon, Tonga-Tonga Sirait Uruk, Janji Matogu, Sihubak hubak, Siregar, Sigaol, Silalahi Toruan Muara and Tomok Sihotang.
	www.emp.pdx.edu /htliono/sumut.html (1489 words)

	Susan Rodgers, Curriculum Vitae, College of the Holy Cross
		Fluent in written and oral Angkola Batak (field study, 1974 to present).
		Research Interests : Politics and aesthetics of indigenous literatures and literacies (newspapers, novels, autobiographies), Indonesia ; culture of colonialism, Indonesia ; anthropology of art, anthropology of museums, island Southeast Asia ; religion, ritual and gender; ethnic identity construction in states.
		“Batak Heritage and Indonesian State: Print Literacy and the Construction of Ethnic Cultures in Indonesia.” In Judith Toland, ed., Ethnicity and the State.
	www.holycross.edu /departments/socant/srodgers/cv.htm (1993 words)

	Ethnologue: Indonesia, Sumatra
		Data accuracy estimate: B, C. The number of languages listed for Indonesia, Sumatra is 52.
		Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Sumatra, Batak, Southern.
		A general form of Batak common to a wider area than Angkola.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/IndU.html (1335 words)

	Batak Reference
		There are about 2 million speakers, living mainly in the north-central part of the island, but also scattered along the eastern coast.
		The distinctive Batak alphabet consists of sixteen basic characters, each of which may be modified by the use of certain marks.
		Batak belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian family of languages.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Batak.htm (196 words)

	Indonesia Programs - Bali Plus
		Explore Indonesia the country with 200 million people for culture, nature, people and wildlife from 7 - 28 days or more based on taylor-made.
		The main point of interest are: the Batak people, Batak traditional houses and Lake Toba with a little tiny island in the middle - the Samosir Island.
		Padang is the capital of the province which also used as the name of people who come from this area : " orang Padang " known as the most business lovers in whole country.
	www.floressatours.com /indonesia/index.html (688 words)

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