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Topic: Batak (Philippines)

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	Batak
		Batak society has been severely affected by disease and malnutrition due to poverty, by the continuing influx of settlers form Luzon and the Visayas who occupy an increasing area of Palawan's vast tracts of land, and by the opening of the northern mountain regions of Palawan to logging operations by capitalists and politicians.
		Moreover, the Batak have three special instruments: the lantoy, a nose flute with two holes; the kodian, which is about 1.8 m long with two barks of fiber, and used as the traditional accompaniments in the singing of the "Abellano"; and the budlong, a guitarlike two-stringed instrument.
		The prototheatrical rituals of the Batak are represented by the magdiwata and magtarek, performed to appease spirits through song and dance; kuma, the group reidentification ritual; runsay, the group ancestral spirit worship ritual; kambay, the thanksgiving ritual; and sagda, the vengeance ceremony (Warren 1940).
	litera1no4.tripod.com /batak_frame.html (2983 words)

	Draft Proposal to encode Batak in ISO/IEC 10646
		Batak is read from left to right, but is often written similarly to Tagalog and Buhid, by writing vertically along the length of a piece of bamboo.
		Batak has a virama and final consonants are expressed in the script.
		Batak is known to have been in use in the mid-1800s.
	www.evertype.com /standards/batak/batak.htm (1006 words)

	Some Result and Experiences - Philippines
		The majority of the Bataks in Kalakwasan are Evangelical (74%), while 5% are Protestants, 5% Catholic, with the remaining 16% still following the religion of their ancestors.
		According to the Bataks, among all the plants we collected together and identified, only 30 were irreplaceable for the same use if lost, or 'not substitutable'.
		These findings are surprising considering the Bataks' semi-nomadic lifestyle, but the establishments of a more permanent settlement in Kalakwasan may have influence their response, as it reveals heir perception of landscape.
	www.cifor.cgiar.org /mla/_ref/result/philippines.htm (973 words)

	Palawan - The Last Frontier
		Palawan is home to many tribal groups such as the Tau Batu, the Batak, the Tagbanua, and one such Palawano tribe was just discovered as late as 1997 which is an offshoot of the Tau Batu.
		Palawan is a narrow archipelago of 1,700 islands on the western border of the Philippines.
		The Batak group, which means "mountain people" in Cuyuno, lives in the rugged interiors of northeastern Palawan.
	chette.tripod.com /id1.html (1037 words)

	Novellino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Batak population is estimated to comprise of only 380 individuals (Eder 1987), and continues to face demographic decline.
		Batak are aware of such prohibitions and labels and, therefore, in their discussion with government representatives and conservationists they refrain from providing indication of their agricultural practices.
		In Batak epistemology the emotional state of being angry is often related with the intention of refusing to talk.
	www.asa2000.anthropology.ac.uk /novellino/novellino.html (10066 words)

	philippine tribes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Unlike most of the Philippines which were ruled by Spaniards for about four hundred years, the Cordillera region was generally unfazed by Spanish colonization.
		The Aetas or Negrito groups of the Philippines are extremely complex in terms of their dispersal and relationships.
		On November 15 1935, the Philippines was constituted a common wealth with the promise of independence in 1945.
	www.alibata.org /tribes/tribes.html (532 words)

	Democracy for tropical conservation.
		Biodiversity in a Batak village of Palawan (Philippines).
		By playing close attention to the Bataks' perspectives, the "Levelling the Playing Field" project (LPF) is able to better understand their opinions and hopes for the present and future use of their natural resources.
		Further, by understating local perceptions, greater insight is gained into the complex relations between the Bataks and coastal migrants living in the district capital (barangay), and their political and economic marginalization on Palawan Island.
	www.cifor.cgiar.org /mla/_ref/publication/mla_palawan.htm (285 words)

	4. SCENARIO SETTING: SPECIFIC SITES & NWFPS
		Due to extensive deforestation elsewhere in the Philippines during the past several decades, Palawan's forests are one of the most important reservoirs for several of the country's most significantly traded and commercially valuable NWFPs including rattan, almaciga (resin from the dipterocarp Agathis philippinensis) and honey.
		The Batak of Palawan are one of the few remaining unacculturated, indigenous forest-dwelling tribes in the Asia-Pacific region.
		Forest spirits, whose nature it is to jealously protect their natural abode, have assigned the Batak the obligation to live in harmony with and preserve their forests in return for the right to 'harvest its fruits'.
	www.fao.org /docrep/w7733e/w7733e06.htm (9789 words)

	Music of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines Reading Assignments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The religious aspect of Batak music has been largely pushed into the background since the conversion of a large part of the Batak to Christianity or Islam, but for the Karo Batak and the Toba Batak who still adhere to the parmalim, the gondang still plays an important part in ritual.
		Among the Toba Batak in particular it frequently happens that the organizer of a "heathen" ceremony is excommunicated.
		The harvest festival (kerja tahun) is very popular among the Karo Batak, and for it the young people of the village organize a dance (guro-guro aron) at which the dancers are accompanied by a gendang orchestra'.
	aris.ss.uci.edu /rgarfias/courses/philindo/batak.html (1620 words)

	Lowlands-L Anniversary Celebration
		Most Bataks speak the national language, Indonesian, as well, and this language variously influences the Batak languages.
		Batak languages are used as foreign languages by some local speakers of Indonesian and Chinese languages.
		Though Batak script tradition is being continued by some, these days the tendency is to use the Roman script and to generally follow the spelling system used for Indonesian.
	www.lowlands-l.net /anniversary/batak-info.php (298 words)

	Land Reform 2000
		Development on Palawan island (the Philippines' last frontier) is being fostered in a way that repeats the historical injustices suffered by the indigenous people of the archipelago, in the names of progress and the conservation of biodiversity.
		Palawan, the study area, is the fifth largest island in the Philippines and has the highest percentage of forest cover in the archipelago, at between 38 and 44 percent of the total land surface (Kummer, 1992; Serna, 1990).
		It is perhaps not surprising that, in the environmentalists' imaginary, the Batak have become the archetypal primitives who do not modify their environment in any substantial way; because of their presumed nomadic character and biologically driven way of life, they are still seen as living in the domain of nature.
	www.fao.org /Docrep/x7069t/x7069t06.htm (8494 words)

	AllRefer.com - Indonesia - Batak \| Indonesian Information Resource
		Batak who resettle in urban areas, such as Medan and Jakarta, draw on marga affiliations for financial support and political alliances.
		Batak have shown themselves to be creative in drawing on modern media to codify and express their "traditional" adat.
		In addition, Batak have been prodigious producers of written handbooks designed to show young, urbanized, and secular lineage members how to navigate the complexities of their marriage and funeral customs.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/indonesia/indonesia65.html (520 words)

	Temiar.com
		The restrictive orders to forcibly concentrate the Batak people were enacted by the governance of the Philippines and are not opposed by conservation organizations like the Haribon Foundation, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Friends of the Earth (FoE), who say that they have conservation interests in the area.
		But, despite the many threats Adona and his people had received and despite the efforts by the government and other organizations to subdue and restrict the Batak, he was on the forefront to defend the traditional life of his people and the protection of the natural heritage of their ancestral land.
		Despite many attempts to rectify the situation, the Batak are today not even allowed to gather rattan or almasiga, the resin of the cauri pine, in their own land.
	www.temiar.com /muder.html (878 words)

	Philippine Rural Life Photo Gallery by Tom Conelly at pbase.com
		These photographs were taken on Palawan Island in the southern Philippines in the early 1980s.
		This rural community on Palawan Island 20 years ago is not representative of the rest of the Philippines, which today is generally much more 'developed'.
		My wife hails from the Philippines, so it was good to get aquainted with Palawan through your eyes.
	www.pbase.com /tconelly/rural_philippines (453 words)

	Philippines
		For hundreds of years the Philippines was ruled by Spain and the Filipino people fought for freedom to be an independent nation.
		The sun in the triangle represents freedom and the eight rays are for the eight provinces that fought against Spain.
		The Philippines consists of 7107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean.
	www.kidcyber.com.au /topics/Philippines.htm (262 words)

	Languagelinks.org \| The Languages of the Philippines
		Philippine languages may be classified into six subgroups: Northern Philippines, Southern Philippines, Meso-Philippines, Southern Mindanao, Sama-Bajaw, and Celebes Sangir.
		Its lexicon is Spanish bur its syntax is similar to that of other Philippine languages.
		Four Philippine languages are listed by the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) in the "Top 100 languages by Population" --Tagalog (number 57), Cebuano (# 61), Ilokano (# 91), and Hiligaynon (#100).
	www.languagelinks.org /onlinepapers/fil_lang.html (570 words)

	Inspired Planet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When a Batak man or woman goes trekking high in the primordial rain forest, they hunt and gather natural materials like honey, feather, bamboo and herbs to bring back to their village on the shore of the lake.
		Ceremonial vessels for storing ashes, bodes, umbilical cords, etc. are found in various cultures, but the Batak medicine boxes deserve a special category since they keep their contents active and potent.
		These may be compared to the magical seed pots of the American Southwest or the seed baskets of the Ifugao tribe of the Philippines that ensure the generative power of the seeds between seasons.
	www.inspiredplanet.com /den/osiris15.html (254 words)

	Batak - Un-Reached People Groups Of The Philippines
		The 10,000 Batak, which means "mountain people" in Cuyuno, live in the rugged interiors of northeastern Palawan.
		The Batak believe in nature spirits, with whom they communicate through a babaylan or medium.
		They are not exposed to anything about Christianity because of their way of life, moving from place to place.
	www.seamist.org /peoples/batak-phil.shtml (299 words)

	Ethnologue: Philippines
		Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Philippine, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Ibanagic, Isnag.
		Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Philippine, Northern Luzon, Alta. A distinct language from Northern Alta (34% lexical similarity).
		ENGLISH [ENG] 15,371 in Philippines (1975 census); 52% claimed they could speak it as a second language (1980 census); 322,000,000 in all countries (1995 WA).
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Phil.html (5714 words)

	May/August 1996
		At the Christmas service of the Batak seminary where Rob was teaching as a member of the Overseas Missionary Fellowship, choir members had just returned to their seats after singing "Angels We Have Heard on High" translated into the local language.
		Students draped in the ceremonial Batak cloth proceeded with poise and dignity toward the altar, in step to a form of music with which they were intimately acquainted--the music of traditional weddings, blessings, funerals and feasts--but had never before experienced in the context of Christian worship.
		He's learning all he can about traditional Batak music, asking people what they know and how they feel about it, and observing their behavior in situations where traditional music is performed.
	www.missionfrontiers.org /1996/0508/ma9613.htm (1470 words)

	Palawan Philippines - Palawan Events
		For the Batak tribe, it is a form of war dance.
		A Batak ritual that signals the start of the hunting and gathering season.
		It is a special occasion reliving the Christmas spirit with activities like Carol Singing, Payanig sa Kapitolyo, Tunog Tao, and Parada ng Lechon to celebrate the holiday season.
	www.southtravels.com /asia/philippines/palawantours/events.html (411 words)

	About Culture and Arts
		The Batak (Batac, Tinitianes) are one of the subgroups of the Philippine Negrito who are genetically associated with the Negrito of west central Luzon, i.e., the Pinatubo Ayta.
		This was made possible with the introduction of dry rice cultivation and civil government structure in the area.
		The Batak were formerly proficient in the use of the bow and arrow as well as the blowgun.
	www.ncca.gov.ph /about_cultarts/ebook_subcont.php?subcont_Id=54 (255 words)

	Harley Harris Bartlett Batak Collection, American Philosophical Society
		While employed by the U.S. Rubber Company to collect in Asahan, in northeastern Sumatra in 1918 and 1927, Bartlett learned the Batak language and made ethnographic, ethnobotanical, and linguistic observations that became the basis for a number of articles.
		Written by informants at Bartlett's request, the bamboo sections are inscribed in Batak, an Austronesian language written in a phonetic alphabet.
		Bartlett, Harley Harris, "A Batak and Malay chant on rice cultivation, with introductory notes on bilingualism and acculturation in Indonesia," APS Proceedings 96 (1952): 629-652 (includes transcriptions and translations of some Batak texts).
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/b/bartlett.htm (678 words)

	Batak - Wikipédia
		deux peuples distinct, un vivant en Indonésie, l'autre aux Philippines.
		Batak, ville bulgare de l'obchtina de Batak, située dans l'oblast de Pazardjik ;
		Batak, village bulgare de l'obchtina de Pavlikeni, situé dans l'oblast de Veliko Tarnovo.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Batak (59 words)

	Indigenous Peoples of The World - The Aeta
		Although the Spanish brought Catholicism to The Philippines, that conversion was largely restricted to the Malay population that had become the majority inhabitants.
		Although the Aetas were among the first inhabitants of The Philippines, natural disasters and exploitation of their land for natural resources have acted over the years to displace many of them.
		Eder, J. On the Road to Tribal Extinction: Depopulation, Deculturation, and Maladaptation Among the Batak of the Philippines.
	www.peoplesoftheworld.org /text?people=Aeta (899 words)

	WoW Philippines - Palawan Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Be one of the eco-visitors to visit the diversified and exotic collection of fauna and flora of Palawan known as the last ecological frontier of the Philippines.
		Guided trek to Batak Community in San Rafael.
		One night accommodation in tents in Batak campsite community.
	www.marsman-tours.com.ph /wowpalawan.htm (238 words)

	Philippines: Opposition against mining policy
		It is estimated that already 40% of the Philippines territory has been given away under the form of concessions to multinational mining companies.
		From the Cordillera region in northern Philippines to the South Eastern region of the Palawan Island, the Subanen, Tagbunau, Pala'wan, Tau't bato and Batak indigenous groups (see WRM bulletins Nº 11, 28, 67) have struggled to defend their territories from the pervasive impacts of mining.
		Within that framework, a national process of consultations was initiated in February in cooperation with the USAID, which has faced strong opposition from several civil society groups gathered in the National Mining Conference (NMC).
	www.wrm.org.uy /bulletin/77/Philippines.html (522 words)

	Alibris: Palawan
		For most of the twentieth century, migrant settlers from throughout the Philippines have established homesteads and new ways of life on Palawan Island, a one-time forest wilderness celebrated as the Philippines' "last frontier".
		On the Road to Tribal Extinction: Depopulation, Deculturation, and Maladaptation Among the Batak of the Philippines
		In his study of the Batak of the Philippines, James Eder explores the adaptive limits of small human populations facing the ecological changes, social stresses, and cultural disruptions attending incorporation into broader...
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Palawan (543 words)

	Flood Myths from the Philippines
		A somewhat similar belief that a giant Crab is responsible for the tides is widespread throughout Malaysia.
		The Batak of Palawan now believe, as also do the Mandaya of eastern Mindanao, that the tides are caused by a giant crab going in and out of his hole in the sea.
		The similarity of this to the biblical Story of the Flood leads us to suppose that it has come from the neighboring Christianized or Mohammedanized people and has been worked by the Bukidnon into the mould of their own thought.
	www.pitt.edu /~dash/flood-phil.html (894 words)

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