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Topic: Bathypelagic

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	Deep-sea creatures - The bathypelagic zone - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
		Bathypelagic organisms are mostly fl, red or transparent, rendering them essentially invisible in the weak biological light.
		Compared with their mesopelagic relatives, bathypelagic fish tend to have lower metabolic rates, less developed gills and muscles, and small eyes – if they have them at all.
		Adapted to great depths, bizarre-looking fish from the bathypelagic zone look even less pretty when hauled to the surface, where the pressure is several hundred times lower.
	www.teara.govt.nz /EarthSeaAndSky/SeaLife/DeepSeaCreatures/3/mi (575 words)

	Fishes of Worldwide (Circumtropical) Distribution, by John C. Briggs
		Despite the fact that the species of marine shore fishes are exceedingly numerous, it is still surprising to find that 14 stray from their littoral habitat, as larvae or adults, often enough to establish worldwide populations.
		Many of these bathypelagic species are infrequently captured and are difficult to properly identify and the same can be said for at least a few of the pelagic fishes.
		Rapid progress in systematic work on the bathypelagic fishes is yielding increasing evidence of the wide distribution of a large percentage of the species.
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/biogeog/BRIG1960.htm (4741 words)

	Bathypelagic
		Anoplogaster cornuta, Anoplogasteridae, bathypelagic, 19 TL, 4.0, native.
		Alepisaurus ferox, Alepisauridae, bathypelagic, 215 TL, 3.4, native.
		Aristostomias grimaldii, Stomiidae, bathypelagic, 23 TL, 4.5, native.
	www.mongabay.com /topics/Bathypelagic.htm (135 words)

	openocean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Julie H. and Rachel W. Deep under the sunlit surface of the open ocean is the bathypelagic zone.
		The biggest of all the ocean zones, the bathypelagic zone is cold and dark.
		Some specific organisms that inhabit the Bathypelagic zone are the vampire squid, the snake dragon fish, the anglerfish, the amphipod, the slime star, the viperfish, the gulper eel, the giant squid, the oarfish, and finally the sperm whale.
	nhs.needham.k12.ma.us /pages/cur/bio01/biop3rwjh/openocean.htm (335 words)

	The Mesopelagic and Bathypelagic Realms of the Ocean: Microbial Activity and DOM Cycling Posters - Ocean Sciences [OS]
		Although Crenarchaeota are the dominating prokaryotic group in the bathypelagic waters of the North Atlantic, amoA abundance was barely detectable in the bathypelagic realm.
		Thus, we conclude from this study that bathypelagic Crenarchaeota are actively growing in the dark ocean although at lower growth rates than Bacteria, however, it is likely that in contrast to recent observation on Crenarchaeota from the upper water column, bathypelagic Crenarchaeota might not oxidize ammonia in significant amounts.
		For example, within the bathypelagic of the North Atlantic A20 line we observed that low DOC concentrations (40 to 42 uM C) coincided with {\it p}CFC depleted waters, and high DOC concentrations (as high as 48 to 49 Î¼M C) were observed in waters with elevated {\it p}CFC.
	www.agu.org /meetings/os06/os06-sessions/os06_OS25D.html (2462 words)

	Monsters of the deep - Marine Biology/Oceans - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration creates Office of Ocean ...
		Specifically, the bathypelagic zone: Though spanning more than 90 percent of Earth's surface, the area from 1,000 to 4,000 meters (3,300 to 13,000 feet) below sea level is more a mystery to scientists than the moon (see diagram, p.
		Stagnant bathypelagic waters make for safe meandering by frail creatures that would normally be torn apart by surface waves or foul weather.
		Bathypelagic beasts with bones tend to contain delicate skeletons at best: "Because it's a nutrient-poor place, it often takes too much energy to produce a skeleton," Long says.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1590/is_12_58/ai_84546921 (795 words)

	U.S. JGOFS SMP
		Our overarching goal is to mechanistically connect euphotic zone processes with meso- and bathypelagic zone processes by means of a prognostic model that can be used to further our understanding of this unparalleled time-series and test hypotheses constrained by a battery of in situ data.
		There is a remarkably strong covariance between the upper ocean particle flux at BATS and the deep particle flux measured by the OFP traps, as well as intense modification and strong convergence of the composition of the particle flux with depth to a invariant composition with respect to the magnitude of mass flux.
		These are the primary impetuses for development of a new model coupling recent physical-biological models of the surface ocean with particle flux and zooplankton reprocessing activities in the meso- and bathypelagic ocean.
	usjgofs.whoi.edu /mzweb/smppi/glover.html (533 words)

	Reality Carnival Presents: Bathypelagic Woman with Demon Watching (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Bathypelagic woman of unknown origin contemplates the metaphysics of artificial retinas at a recent meeting of fellow neuroscientists.
		However, she does not appear to notice a horned, demonlike entity watching her from a darkened area of the meeting hall.
		We will never meet this woman, never call her name, never know what became of her and her intellectual friends who converse upon low electric fields and their impact on vision.
	sprott.physics.wisc.edu /pickover/pc/demon-girl.html (99 words)

	Mesopelagic Ecosystem Model
		The overarching goal of this project is to mechanistically connect euphotic zone processes with meso- and bathypelagic zone processes.
		Figure 2 shows a comparison of the large (sinking) detritus from the epipelagic model to the organic nitrogen flux intercepted by the PIT traps deployed at BATS, the agreement is reasonably good.
		Figure 3 shows a close up of the meso- bathypelagic portion of the model and it is this kernel that is the main topic of this poster.
	w3eos.whoi.edu /~david/smp/agu02sf/agu02sf.html (2002 words)

	2003 Project - Midwater ecology
		The long-term goal of MBARI’s midwater research program is to develop an ecological model of the natural communities that occupy the oceanic water column.
		We have expanded the coverage of our previous field work on mesopelagic animals in the upper 1000 m of the water column, to include bathypelagic species down to 3500 m.
		ROV Tiburon will conduct video transects at bathypelagic depths.and begin to make quantitative measurements to elucidate bathypelagic community structure, function, and dynamics.
	www.mbari.org /rd/projects/2003/midwater/200108_midwater.html (228 words)

	Pelagic zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Bathypelagic (from 1000 m down to around 4000 m) - by this depth the ocean is almost entirely dark (with only the occasional bioluminescent organism).
		There are no living plants, and most animals survive by consuming the snow of detritus falling from the zones above, or (like the marine hatchetfish) by preying upon others.
		The bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, and hadopelagic zones are very similar in character, and some marine biologists elide them into a single zone or consider the latter two to be the same.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Pelagic_zone (485 words)

	Bolitaenidae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is believed to be an adaptation to life in gloomy, deep ocean waters; the bioluminescent ring may help males and females to find each other.
		Mature bolitaenids occupy depths in the meso- to bathypelagic zones of the water column, down to about 1,425 metres.
		Younger animals (under 20 millimetres mantle length) are known to remain in shallower waters, either from 170-270 metres or 500-800 metres depending on size.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bolitaenidae (491 words)

	JetStream - An Online School for Weather: Layers of the Ocean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The eyes on the fishes are larger and generally upward directed, most likely to see silhouettes of other animals (for food) against the dim light.
		The temperature in the bathypelagic zone, unlike that of the mesopelagic zone, is constant.
		The pressure in the bathypelagic zone is extreme and at depths of 13,100 feet (4,000 meters), reaches over 5850 pounds per square inch!
	www.srh.noaa.gov /srh/jetstream/ocean/layers_ocean.htm (662 words)

	Slater Museum :: Marine Fishes of Washington
		Chauliodus macouni, Pacific viperfish - epi- to bathypelagic
		Lestidiops ringens, Slender barracudina - epi- to bathypelagic
		Stenobrachius leucopsarus, Northern lanternfish - epi- to bathypelagic
	www.ups.edu /x5671.xml (939 words)

	University of Washington Fish Collection, C.P. Kenaley
		Descriptions of early life history stages of the bathypelagic fish family Bathylagidae and the taxonomic status of the family in the Atlantic.
		Collection of bathypelagic and benthic fishes of the Bear Seamount aboard the R/V Delaware II.
		Collection of bathypelagic and benthic fishes of the Bear Seamount and surrounding canyons of Southern New England and the Gulf of Maine aboard the R/V Delaware II.
	artedi.fish.washington.edu /Staff/ckenaley.html (592 words)

	Contribution of Archaea to Total Prokaryotic Production in the Deep Atlantic Ocean -- Herndl et al. 71 (5): 2303 -- ...
		abundance of archaea in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic North
		Sampling of mesopelagic and bathypelagic waters was carried
		at high rates in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic waters.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/5/2303 (4500 words)

	Gaskett et al.--Diet of mesopelagic and bathypelagic fishes
		Diet composition and guild structure of mesopelagic and bathypelagic fishes near Macquarie Island, Australia
		Abstract Mesopelagic (200-1000 m) and bathypelagic (>1000 m) fish near Macquarie Island, Australia, are important in the diets of seals, seabirds, and Patagonian toothfish.
		Cluster analysis and randomisation procedures suggested the existence of five trophic guilds among the Myctophidae.
	www.rsnz.org /publish/nzjmfr/2001/43.php (222 words)

	Bathypelagic isopod Crustacea from the Antarctic and southern seas (Biology of the Antarctic seas) by George A Schultz, ...
		Bathypelagic isopod Crustacea from the Antarctic and southern seas (Biology of the Antarctic seas) by George A Schultz, New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 087590128X
		Bathypelagic isopod Crustacea from the Antarctic and southern seas (Biology of the Antarctic seas)
		All such content is provided to you "as is." this content and your use of it are subject to change and/or removal at any time.
	www.bookfinder4u.com /detail/087590128X.html (289 words)

	Water Column Biogeochemistry
		The Role of Meso- and Bathypelagic Prokaryotic Organisms in the Marine Water Column:
		While the oceans cover more than seventy percent of the surface area of the earth, and the meso- and bathypelagic regions beneath the euphotic zone contain nearly all of the ocean’s volume, little is known about the biogeochemical processes that function in this vast environment.
		Recent studies of prokaryotic biodiversity highlight the lack of knowledge: bacteria of uncultivated groups (e.g., SAR11; Giovannoni et al., 1996) appear to dominate at several depths; and archaea are now considered an important population (up to 50% of all cells below 1000 m; Karner et al., 2001).
	www.eps.harvard.edu /people/faculty/pearsonlab/research/rs1/rs1.html (810 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Deepsea anglerfish attracts prey with a light organ for bait that glows at top of a rod in its head.The Gulper eel can swallow fish larger than itself because of its elastic stomach.
		Larger swimmers sometimes visit bathypelagic zone like the giant squids and ribbon shaped oarfish which are as long as a bus, sperm whales who weigh more than 33 tons lie on ocean floor waiting for the giant squids.
		Please go to next page to test what you have learned.
	www.calstatela.edu /faculty/eviau/edit557/oceans/patty/pobott3.htm (208 words)

	MBARI - New Interior Level Template
		Adaptations for living deep: a new, bathypelagic doliolid, from the eastern North Pacific
		Adapting to the bathypelagic habitat imposes serious challenges for taxa that originate in shallower depths.
		We describe a new doliolid that has successfully made the transition into deep water.
	www.mbari.org /midwater/pseudusa.htm (220 words)

	bathypelagic (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		bathypelagic is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		The general life-cycle of krill has been the subject of several studies (e.g.
		bathypelagic: Encyclopedia II - Bolitaenidae - Physical description
	www.experiencefestival.com.cob-web.org:8888 /bathypelagic (950 words)

	JGOFS Arabian Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Biological fluxes in the bathypelagic zone of the
		The goal of the project is to examine the role of the bathypelagic zooplankton in the global carbon cycle.
		Upon completion of the project the data will be available via the JGOFS Data Manager.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /ihf/en/work/oceanography/jgofs/jgofs.htm (50 words)

	Free Bathypelagic Rattail Links & Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Find bathypelagic rattail and more at Lycos Search.
		Read about bathypelagic rattail in the free online encyclopedia and dictionary.
		Biology will relate every human gene to the genes of other animals and bacteria, to this great chain of being.
	www.animalswildonline.com /animals/bathypelagic-rattail.php (954 words)

	Volcano Dictionary: B - EnchantedLearning.com
		Half Dome at Yosemite National Park, California, USA, is a granite batholith.
		Bathypelagic means of, pertaining to, or living in the deep ocean near the bottom.
		Multicellular life evolved on Earth about a billion years ago.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/volcano/glossary/indexb.shtml (465 words)

	Amazon.com: The Biology of the Deep Ocean (Biology of Habitats): Books: Peter Herring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Key Phrases: bathypelagic animals, shallower species, bathypelagic species, Gulf Stream, Porcupine Seabight, Elsevier Science (more...
		Key Phrases - SIPs: bathypelagic animals, shallower species, bathypelagic species, downwelling daylight, suborbital photophore (more)
		bathypelagic animals, shallower species, bathypelagic species, downwelling daylight, suborbital photophore, bathypelagic fishes, benthopelagic fauna, deeper species, mesopelagic species, abyssal species, neuromast organs, free neuromasts, bathypelagic depths, benthopelagic fishes, tubular eyes, shallow species, oceanic animals, midwater fishes, mesopelagic fishes, gas gland, decapod shrimps, export flux, gelatinous animals, downwelling light, habitat depth
	www.amazon.com /Biology-Deep-Ocean-Habitats/dp/0198549555 (1182 words)

	OEDILF
		And loves to play deep in the water."
		Bathypelagic means "of, relating to, or living in the depths of the ocean, especially between about 600 and 3,000 meters (2,000 and 10,000 feet)."
		The information on this page may not be reproduced in any form without written permission by the.
	www.oedilf.com /db/Lim.php?VerseId=41811 (142 words)

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