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Topic: Battle of Adrianople

	Battles (Pre-1400) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Battle of Actium was a decisive naval engagement fought off the promontory of Actium on September the 2nd, 31 BC, between the Roman fleet of Octavian, under the command of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, and a combined Roman-Egyptian fleet commanded by Mark Antony and Cleopatra.
		The Battle of Hattin was a major defeat for the Crusaders by Saladin on the 4th of July 1187 at a village in Palestine 8 km north-west of Tiberias.
		The Battle of Navas de Tolosa was fought in 1212 between Yakub Almansur of the Almohades and the kings of Aragon, Castile and Navarre.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /FB.HTM (2792 words)

	Learn more about List of battles (alphabetical) in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Battle of Covadonga - 722 - Moslem Conquest of Spain
		Battle of Mohacs - 1526 - Turkish Conquest of Hungary
		Battle of Pavia (773) - Conquests of Charlemagne
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/li/list_of_battles__alphabetical_.html (4758 words)

	The Battle of Adrianople (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Battle of Adrianople on 9 August AD 378 was the beginning of the end for the Roman empire.
		The Battle of Adrianople marks the point in history where the military initiative passed to the barbarians and should never be truly be regained again by Rome.
		The battle of Adrianople is undisputedly a turning point in history, because of the scale of Rome's defeat.
	www.roman-empire.net /army/adrianople.html (1171 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Battle Descriptions
		Battle of Adrianople, A.D. This engagement was fought by Constantine and Licinius on the banks of the Hebrus River on 3 July 324 during the second civil war between the two emperors.
		Battle of Cibalae, A.D. 314 or 316 This battle, fought on 8 October 314 or 316 in Pannonia, was the opening engagement in the first civil war between Constantine and Licinius.
		Battle of Mursa, A.D. This battle was the major struggle in the civil war in 351 between Constantius II and Magnentius.
	www.roman-emperors.org /bd306.htm (704 words)

	Battle of Adrianople: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Battle of Adrianople (323)[?] - Civil Wars of the Roman Empire[?]
		Battle of Adrianople (378) - Gothic Invasions of the Roman Empire[?]
		Battle of Adrianople (972)[?] - Wars of the Byzantine Empire[?] - against the Russians
	www.encyclopedian.com /ba/Battle-of-Adrianople.html (145 words)

	Battle of Adrianople: 378
		The battle of Adrianople was the beginning of the end for the Roman empire.
		This battle was fought between Roman emperor Valens and the Goths on August 9, AD 378.
		The battle of Adrianople was the worst defeat the Romans had suffered since the German victory in AD 9 at Teutoburger Wald.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/Mediterranean/Adrianople.html (389 words)

	Bloodiest Battles - Ancient Roman Empire Forums
		The battle was described as one of the bloodiest affairs in antiquity and it was said that the bodies of the dead piled so high they formed small hills.
		The battle was a tactical failure and is seen as the end of heavy infantry and the dawn of cavalry as the mainstay of armies.
		I still think the Battle of Adrianople was a major turining point in history because the empire was severly weakened after suffering a humiliating defeat to the barbarians, and thereafter could not ragain it's power permanently.
	www.unrv.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=3096 (2252 words)

	Visigoth
		However, the Visigoths were defeated in battle near the modern Italy-Slovenia border that summer, and then routed in the Battle of Naissus that September.
		The new emperor, Theodosius I (Valens died at Adrianople), made peace with Fritigern in 379, and this peace held essentially unbroken until Theodosius died in 395.
		A Visigothic nobleman, Pelayo, is credited with beginning the Christian Reconquista of Spain in 718, when he defeated the Omayyads in battle and established the Kingdom of Asturias in the northern part of the peninsula.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/vi/Visigoths.html (830 words)

	Battle of Adrianople
		As they were battling the barbarians they were suddenly attacked on the flank by the returning cavalry.
		The Battle of Adrianople was a disaster for the Romans.
		Another 20 stands of Goth cavalry entered the battle later as reinforcements.Here are some paper soldiers you can print and use: colored paper soldiers, fl and white paper soldiers.The fl and white soldiers can be reproduced on a copying machine (print opposing armies on different colored paper) or given to the kids to color.
	www.juniorgeneral.org /rome/adrianople.html (1150 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Military History \| Battle of Chalons: Attila the Hun Versus Flavius Aetius
		Battle of Chalons: Attila the Hun Versus Flavius Aetius
		On August 9, however, the emperor and two-thirds of his army were killed outside Adrianople, in a battle that heralded the eclipse of the traditional foot soldier under the thundering hooves of Gothic cavalry.
		Hardly had the crisis of Adrianople passed when the new emperor, Theodosius II, was welcomed into office with reports of savage horsemen ravaging the heart of the territory south of the Black Sea.
	www.historynet.com /mh/blattila (1592 words)

	Battle of Adrianople - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The second Battle of Adrianople (August 9, 378) was fought between a Roman army led by the Roman Emperor Valens and Germanic tribes (mainly Visigoths and Ostrogoths, assisted by some non-Germanic Alans) commanded by Fritigern.
		Part of the Gothic War (377–382), the battle is often considered the start of the final collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century.
		The inability of the Empire to make good on the losses suffered at Adrianople (comparable in scale and enormity to the catastrophic defeat suffered in the Battle of Cannae, in which 70,000 to 80,000 Romans were killed or captured) suggests that the Roman losses at Adrianople exceeded 15,000.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Adrianople (1669 words)

	Northvegr - Germanic Sources
		Their spears were broken by the frequent collisions, so that they were forced to content themselves with their drawn swords, which they thrust into the dense battalions of the enemy, disregarding their own safety, and seeing that every possibility of escape was cut off.
		On the other side, the battle line of the Huns was so arranged that Attila and his bravest followers were stationed in the center.
		Battle of Maldon;991 CE; (+) Old English poem describing a battle between the Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/germanic/b.php (2890 words)

	Ancient History Sourcebook: Ammianus Marcellinus: The Battle of Hadrianopolis, 378 CE
		The Battle of Hadrianopolis, 378 CE At this time Valens was disturbed by a twofold anxiety, having learned that the people of Lintz had been defeated, and also because Sebastian, in the letters which he sent from time to time, exaggerated what had taken place by his pompous language.
		The proposition of this formidable chief was received with praise and approbation, and the tribune Equitius, a relation of Valens, who was at that time high steward of the palace, was appointed, with general consent, to go with all speed to the barbarians as a hostage.
		Then the two lines of battle dashed against each other, like the beaks of ships, and thrusting with all their might, were tossed to and fro, like the waves of the sea.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/378adrianople.html (1858 words)

	Upheaval In The West
		When they defeated the Romans in the battle of Adrianople in 378, the gates of the Empire burst open.
		On the field of battle it is a disgrace to the chief to be surpassed in valour by his companions, to the companions not to come up to the valour of their chief.
		Adrianople has been described as one of history’s decisive battles, since it destroyed the legend of the invincibility of the Roman legions and ushered in a century and a half of chaos.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/romeco~2.htm (2355 words)

	Battle of Adrianople (1205) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Adrianople occurred on April 14, 1205 between Bulgarians under Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria, and Crusaders under Baldwin I.
		It was won by the Bulgarians after a skillful ambush using the help of their Cuman and Byzantine Greek allies.
		It was arranged by the Crusaders that Geoffry the Marshal, and Manasses of l'Isle should guard the camp, and that the Emperor Baldwin and all the remainder of the army should issue from the camp if Kaloyan came and offered battle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Adrianople_(1205) (735 words)

	No Replacement For Displacement: Knights were overrated
		That came later, and came at a time when cavalry was not at all undisputed king of the battlefield, but an indispensable part of the combined arms.
		Churchill, writing about his ancestor Marlborough, refers to a battle in which the victorious Allied cavalry pursued the broken French through the night, and the survivors were so mentally unhinged that they could not be, upon returning to French control, reassigned to field units.
		Adrianople and all those other battles were not just a matter of keeping an open flank...
	www.noreplacementfordisplacement.com /archives/000985.html (878 words)

	Adrianople
		Ignoring suggestions that he not underestimate his enemy, he led his army out from behind Adrianople’s walls towards where his scouts had told him a small part of the Goth force, around 10,000 men, was encamped.
		As with many battles of the ancients period, the number of troops involved in Adrianople is somewhat of a mystery.
		Adrianople works best with players either unfamiliar with battle or with the game disguised as “just another Roman vs Goth action”.
	www.visbellica.com /Scenarios/Adrianople/sc_adrianople.htm (1862 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Alphabetic Emperor Index
		If there was a series of battles in a specific location, click on that year in which you are interested.
		Battle of Abrittus, A.D. Battle of Adrianople, A.D. Battle of Actium, B.C. Battle of Ad Decimum, A.D. Battle of Akroinon, A.D. Siege of Alexandria, A.D. Siege of Amida, A.D. Battle of Anchialos, A.D. Battle of Angora, AD 1402
		Sieges of Ctesiphon, A.D. Battle of Dara, A.D. Battle of Edessa, A.D. Battle of Frigidus River, A.D. Battle of Issus, A.D. Siege of Jerusalem, A.D. Battle of Kossovo, AD 1389,1448.
	www.roman-emperors.org /battles.htm (205 words)

	Amazon.com: Adrianople AD 378: The Goths crush Rome's legions (Campaign): Books: Simon Macdowall,Howard Gerrard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		His background material on the Late Roman Army serves as a useful introduction to the events of Adrianople and he then puts the battle in the context of the entry of the Goths into the Eastern Empire, their rebellion and the campaign in Thrace which led up to their confrontation with Valens.
		His attempts to pinpoint the site of the battle and the photos of the probable site add greatly to a detailed understanding of how the two forces were positioned and the role played by the terrain.
		In the case of Adrianople 378, the author relies heavily upon the second-hand account of Ammianus Marcellinus, a Roman officer who lived at the time of the battle.
	www.amazon.com /Adrianople-AD-378-legions-Campaign/dp/1841761478 (2104 words)

	Air War College notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		By diverting the waters of the Nile and building on the exposed soil, Hor-Aha was able to found the capital of Memphis on land which had never belonged to either Upper or Lower Egypt -- being thus diplomatic and not giving either kingdom a chance to gloat.
		Battle of Cannae, 216 B.C. About 70,000 Romans and allies died and about 6,000 of Hannibal's force (4,000 Celtic infantry; 1,500 Spanish and African infantry; and 500 cavalry) -- total dead in one battle equal to almost one third of American losses in World War II.
		On the afternoon of the 22nd, the battle broke out by accident as both sides were watering their horses.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/gabrmetz/gabr-awc.htm (961 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 96.03.14
		Military and Political Intelligence in the Roman World from the Second Punic War to the Battle of Adrianople.
		The Macedonian Wars are all but neglected in spite of the wealth of material they contain (the battle of Cynocephelae, for instance, contains lessons in reconnaissance practice), as are affairs with the east generally.
		In sum, A. and R. have created a sound, ground-breaking piece of scholarship, of considerable value not only to the military historian but also to those interested in the mechanics of history and, by extension, to those concerned with the collection of information by historians.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1996/96.03.14.html (1689 words)

	The Battle of Adrianople Part 3: The War in Thrace
		Before one battle against Fritigern the Roman troops are said to have raised the barritus, the ancient war song of the Germans, which shows that this force was possibly almost as Germanic as they Goths they faced.
		Despite the Goths' newfound weapons and their superior numbers, the Romans still had a well-trained and disciplined military force and they were confident that the Goths were about to face a crushing defeat.
		He arrived in the strongly fortified city of Adrianople in mid-July, 378 AD with an estimated force of 20-25,000 troops and was greeted with several pieces of good news.
	ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/233763 (1528 words)

	Battle of Adrianople (378 AD)
		Valens was surprised when his army stumbled upon the Goth foot within a vast circular laager of wagons.
		The Roman right wing cavalry and skirmishers began the battle by attacking the Goth wagon laager before the Roman cavalry at the rear of the march column were able to reach their position on the left wing.
		Valens himself was killed either during the battle itself or later when the Goths burned down a cottage he and his bodyguard had taken refuge in.
	fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/adrianople.html (627 words)

	Financial Sense University ~ "The Goths and The Romans" by Sol Palha 10/17/2005
		He marched his army (378 AD) which was composed of 20,000 men of the Roman cavalry and 40,000 men from the Roman Infantry to destroy the Goths.
		The battle of adrinople is one of the most famous historic battles ever; before the battle began Valens army outnumbered the 50,000 Goth foot soldiers as their cavalry was away on raids.
		This was one of the biggest military blunders as it was the first time a Roman emperor had been killed in war and what made it worse was that their army and Emperor were destroyed by barbarians.
	www.financialsense.com /fsu/editorials/ti/2005/1017.html (1244 words)

	Early Visigoth (DBA II/65a)
		This army is interesting in that it relates to part of a campaign only and essentially to one battle only.
		The Roman right wing cavalry and skirmishers began the battle by attacking the Goths before the Roman cavalry at the rear of the march column were able to reach their position on the left wing.
		The battle at Adrianople was joined before Gratian with the Western forces could arrive.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/II65a.html (1162 words)

	List of battles 1901-forward (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		1937 Battle of Nanjing - early November to December 13 - Japanese victory after 2 months siege of the capital of Republic of China.
		1942 Battle of Nanos[?] April 18 800 Italian soldiers lay siege 50 Slovene partisans.
		1944 Battle of the Hurtgen Forest[?] Begins in October 6 – Volksturm[?] and German tank unit repulses 8 US infantry regiments and two armored divisions in a 6-month battle.
	www.fastload.org /li/List_of_battles_1901-forward.html (1673 words)

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