| | History of Africa - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) |
 | | Portugal, however, suffered a crushing defeat in 1578 at al Kasr al Kebir, the Moors being led by Abd el Malek I of the then recently established Sharifan dynasty. |
| | With the Battle of Ceuta Africa had ceased to belong solely to the Mediterranean world. |
| | During World War I, there were several battles between the United Kingdom and Germany, the most notable being the Battle of Tanga, and a sustained guerrilla campaign by the German General Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck. |
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