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Battle of Arbela

Arbela, Missouri

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	Battles that changed the course of history...East and West, the twains shall never meet!! Differing views - Persian ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The immediate subject of their meeting was to consider whether they should give battle to an enemy that lay encamped on the shore beneath them; but on the result of their deliberations depended, not merely the fate of two armies, but the whole future progress of human civilization.
		The Battle of Baghdad in 1258 was a victory for the Mongol leader Hulagu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan.
		The 5-hour battle was fought at the northern edge of the Gulf of Patras, off western Greece, where the Ottoman forces sailing westwards from their naval station in Lepanto met the Holy League forces, which had come from Messina, in the morning of Sunday 7 October[2].
	www.iranian.ws /iran_news/publish/article_19259.shtml (1826 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: Battles (Pre-1600) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Battle of Hattin was a major defeat for the Crusaders by Saladin on the 4th of July 1187 at a village in Palestine 8 km north-west of Tiberias.
		The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement fought on October the 7th 1571, in the Gulf of Lepanto (now the Gulf of Corinth) between an Ottoman Turkish fleet and that of the Holy League, an alliance of Spain, Venice, Genoa, and the Papal States formed by Pope Julius II in 1511.
		The Battle of Navas de Tolosa was fought in 1212 between Yakub Almansur of the Almohades and the kings of Aragon, Castile and Navarre.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /FB.HTM (4524 words)

	Battle of Gaugamela - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Battle of Gaugamela (IPA: /ˌgɔgəˈmilə/) in 331 BC Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated Darius III of Persia.
		The location of the battle - near Tel Gomel (36.36° N 43.25° E), east of Mosul in northern modern-day Iraq - was determined by Sir Aurel Stein in 1938 (see his Limes Report, pp.
		After the battle, Darius fled to Arbela (modern-day Arbil) 120 km to the east.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Gaugamela (1622 words)

	Arbil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Gaugamela, in which Alexander the Great defeated Darius III of Persia in 331 BCE, took place about one hundred kilometres (eighty miles) west of Arbil.
		After the battle, Darius managed to flee to the city, and, somewhat inaccurately, the confrontation is sometimes known as the Battle of Arbela.
		Arbela served as the capital of the independent kingdom of Adiabene in the first century CE.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arbil (495 words)

	All Empires - The Battle of Gaugamela (Arbela) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In this battle, terrain conditions were equal for both sides so no-one can claim that there were any coincidences in Alexander's victory.
		But all the recorded deeds and bold decisions can be considered as proof that before the battle, a very professional reconnaissance was performed, which Alexander utilized throughout all of his campaign.
		Battle Summary Map - This map shows, in Pseudo 3D, the most important movements of the Battle.
	www.allempires.com /articles/gaugamela/gaugamela.htm (763 words)

	GAUGAMELA, BATTLE OF, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Persian defeat in the battle signaled the decline of their empire and the opening of the East to the Macedonians.
		Video 51 min - The Battle of the River Plate was a ferocious sea battle off the coast of South America between the German battleship Admiral Graf Spee and the British.
		The Battle of the River Plate was a ferocious sea battle off the coast of South America between the German battleship Admiral Graf Spee and the British.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=210167 (699 words)

	Battles
		The Battle of Tanagra 457 BC The Battle of Oenophyta 457 BC The Battle of Salamis / Cyprus 450 BC The Battle of Coronea 447 BC The Battle of Sybota 433 BC The Battle of Potidaea 432 BC War Memorial, Louvre Ma 863
		The Battle of Elleporus 389 BC The Battle of Tegyra 385 BC The Battle of Naxos 376 BC The Battle of Leuctra 371 BC in central Greece
		The Battle of Mantinea 362 BC The Battle of Tamynae 349 BC Munn, Mark H., The Defense of Attica: The Dema Wall and the Boiotian War of 378-375 B.C. Berekeley: University of California Press, 1993.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/History/Battles/Battles.html (1224 words)

	Poke's Fifteen Decisive Battles
		Arbela, the city which has furnished its name to the decisive battle which gave Asia to Alexander, lies more than twenty miles from the actual scene of the conflict.
		The River Lycus was between the field of battle and the city of Arbela, whither the fugitives directed their course, and the passage of this river was even more destructive to the Persians than the swords and spears of the Macedonians had been in the engagement.
		His generalship, as well as his valor, was yet to be signalized on the banks of the Hydaspes and the field of Chillianwallah; and he was yet to precede the Queen of England in annexing the Punjaub to the dominions of a European sovereign.
	www.standin.se /fifteen03a.htm (7904 words)

	The Modern Art of War - 02/26/2003
		Arbela is near the modern Iraqi town of Irbil.
		The key point as far as the battle of Arbela is that the Macedonian phalanx was essentially a modern armored infantry battalion armed with 16 foot precision guided smart spears that Alexander knew that none of the Persian host could possibly resist in close quarter combat.
		He always leads from the front like that, and when it comes to a battle, he's a pretty serious guy." Whatever was said, history does record that Darius leapt from his war elephant to his chariot, and fled from the field as fast as he could.
	www.hackworth.com /maw005.html (1631 words)

	[No title]
		The Battle of Marathon, 490 BC Excerpt: Two thousand three hundred and forty years ago, a council of Athenian Officers was summoned on the slope of one of the mountains that look over the plain of Marathon, on the eastern coast of Attica.
		The Battle of the Metaurus, 207 BC Excerpt: That battle was the determining crisis of the contest, not merely between Rome and Carthage, but between the two great families of the world...
		Five of the battles are described as a clash of civilizations between European and Asiatic powers (or between the Indo-European and Semitic linguistic families), with each one being a European victory and with the view that the Europeans are superior.
	www.strategypage.com /militaryforums/512-29486.aspx (3043 words)

	Justin, Epitome of Pompeius Trogus (1886). pp. 90-171 Books 11-20
		Coming to battle with him, accordingly, he directed his soldiers to attack the rest of the Macedonians, but desired that their king should be reserved as an antagonist for himself.
		Gaining the victory in a battle, he led his army against their city; and supposing, as he looked from the wall, which he had been the first to mount, that the place was destitute of defenders, he leaped down into the area of the city without a single attendant.
		A battle was then fought, in which the tyrant, being victorious, dragged such of the senators as he took prisoners before the faces of their countrymen in triumph.
	www.tertullian.org /fathers/justinus_04_books11to20.htm (13737 words)

	[No title]
		The Battle of Normandy in 1944, codenamed Operation Overlord, was the invasion of Nazi-occupied Western Europe by the Allies.
		Read the rest of this article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_Street Today's selected anniversaries: 1571 Battle of Lepanto: The Ottoman Empire was decisively defeated by the Christian West for the first time, as a multinational fleet led by Don John of Austria crushed the Turkish navy near the Gulf of Corinth.
		Read the rest of this article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_D%F6nitz Today's selected anniversaries: 1415 Battle of Agincourt: Despite being greatly outnumbered, Henry V of England and his lightly armored infantry and archers defeated the heavily armored French cavalry in a muddy battlefield.
	mail.wikipedia.org /pipermail/daily-article-l/2004-October.txt (8288 words)

	FM 6-0 Introduction
		The Battle of Arbela (Gaugamela) occurred near the town of Erbil on the upper Euphrates in present-day Iraq.
		As the battle began, Alexander moved to his right, both to position his infantry opposite Darius’ chariots and to reduce the Persian overlap of his flank.
		At the battle of Arbela, Alexander’s use of visual observation, assessment of the meaning of the gap, and direction of his cavalry force to exploit opportunity against the critical weakness in the Persian army illustrate the concept and role of control in C2.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/policy/army/fm/6-0/intro.htm (1757 words)

	Justin: Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, Book 11
		None, on the field of battle, thought of flight, but every one of victory; none trusted in his feet, but every one in his arms.
		Alexander replied that “what was offered was his own,” and desired him “to come to him as a suppliant, and to leave the disposal of his kingdom to his conqueror.” All hopes of peace being thus lost, Darius resumed hostilities, and proceeded to meet Alexander with four hundred thousand infantry and a hundred thousand cavalry.
		Darius now considered himself indeed overcome, since, after losing so many battles, he was surpassed by his enemy even in kindnesses, and declared that it was a consolation to him, since he could not conquer, to be conquered by such an enemy.
	www.forumromanum.org /literature/justin/english/trans11.html (3757 words)

	Sancho Games \| Larks! \| Arbela
		The final battle between Alexander, ruler of the Macedonians and later most of the Ancient world, and Darius, ruler of Persia (which was up to that point the largest empire around), happened in the beginning of October, 331 BCE.
		Both sides used a formation in which the cavalry was positioned on either side of the center, where the infantry was massed, with another line of infantry behind the first as a reserve; this was a common formation in that area of the world in that time.
		At the beginning of the battle, both sides' right-wing cavalry charged across the field to engage the enemy, as the Persian chariots thundered against the right side of Alexander's infantry.
	www.sanchogames.com /happyfun/larks/arbela/arbela.html (1219 words)

	ACHAEMENID HISTORY: The Battle of GAUGAMELA - (CAIS) ©
		Site of one of the greatest battles in history, resulting in the decisive victory of Alexander of Macedon over the last Achaemenid Emperor, Darius III (qq.v.) on 1 October 331 B.C.E. (the date, long debated, is now certain: see A. Sachs and H. Hunger, Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia, Vienna, 1988, pp.
		There followed perhaps the fiercest fighting of the whole battle, but in the end the Persians were killed or dispersed.
		The "Alexander Mosaic" in the House of the Faun at Pompeii was on its discovery at once identified with the battle of "Arbela." Later, the majority of scholars came to identify it with Issus or thought it did not depict a particular battle at all.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/hakhamaneshian/gaugamela.htm (1189 words)

	[No title]
		Synopsis of Events between the Battle of Marathon, B.C. 490, and the Defeat of the Athenians at Syracuse, B.C. Synopsis of Events between the Defeat of the Athenians at Syracuse and the Battle of Arbela.
		THE BATTLE OF ARBELA, B.C. Synopsis of Events between the Battle of Arbela and the Battle of the Metaurus.
		The battle was sculptured also on the Temple of Victory in the Acropolis; and even now there may be traced on the frieze the figures of the Persian combatants with their lunar shields, their bows and quivers, their curved scimetars, their loose trowsers, and Phrygian tiaras.
	www.cise.ufl.edu /mirrors/gutenberg/etext03/tfdbt10.txt (17177 words)

	The Most Decisive Battle in World History - Unexplained Mysteries Discussion Forums
		Battle of Marathon, 490 BC Battle of Syracuse, 413 BC Battle of Arbela, 331 BC Battle of the Metaurus, 207 BC Battle of Teutoberg Forest, 9 AD Battle of Chalons, 451
		Couldn't vote for any of the above as I consider the Battle of Thermopylae probably the most decisive battle (land or sea) as far as the course of known history is concerned.
		Battles are won or lost by the side that makes the fewest mistakes.
	www.unexplained-mysteries.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=63201 (1244 words)

	The Baldwin Project: Darius the Great by Jacob Abbott
		In the case of Hannibal it was the battle of Cannæ, in that of Alexander the battle of Arbela.
		The battle was the great final contest between Darius and the Greeks, which, both on account of the awful magnitude of the conflict, and the very extraordinary circumstances which attended it, has always been greatly celebrated among mankind.
		The battle of Marathon was one of those great events in the history of the human race which continue to attract, from age to age, the admiration of mankind.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=abbott&book=darius&story=greece (4967 words)

	[No title]
		At the battle of Tiberias, Guy, the Latin king, was defeated and taken prisoner.
		There were battles fought here in olden times, and in the palace more than 100,000 men were slain, and there their bones remain piled up to the present day.
		[p.10] The king caused to be engraved a representation of the battle and of the forces on either side facing one another, both warriors and horses, all in marble, to exhibit to the world the war of the days of old.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/4/9/8/14981/14981.txt (22826 words)

	Army and Battles (Alexander the Great on the Web) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Diodorus Siculus on the Battle of Chaeronea (338 B.C.), from the Ancient History Sourcebook.
		Also, The battle of Granicus, The battle of Issus, The battle of Gaugamela.
		Battle of Issus by "Jojo Nebuchadnezzar." Unsatisfactory, but highly-graphical hobby-report.
	www.isidore-of-seville.com /alexander/3.html (778 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 900 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		They were all treated with the utmost respect and courtesy by the generous conqueror, but Stateira died shortly before the battle of Arbela, B.
		She was honoured by Alexander with a splendid funeral, and he sent a special envoy to apprise Dareius of her fate.
		The eldest daughter of Dareius Codomannus, who was offered by him in marriage to Alexander the Great, before the battle of Arbela, and whom the conqueror actually married at Susa (b.c.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/3234.html (875 words)

	War
		For instance, 71 battle names appear under the War of the American Revolution and 166 campaigns and battles are listed for World War II; in addition, many more actions appear in the text.
		The lists of battles are intended as a guide, so that readers may trace the course of a war by its battles.
		Gallic Wars 58-52 BC Julius Caesar's Legions vs. the Helvetians, Germans, Gauls of southern France and, in one battle, the Britons.
	mwooge.homestead.com /War.html (1252 words)

	- Chapter 20
		Still, as he watched the lights on his display representing Berenson's ships approach the inner fringes of the asteroid belt in the scouts' wakes, he couldn't rid himself of a nagging worry—a feeling there was something he should have remembered.
		And the main infidel strength lumbered along too far in the rear to affect the outcome of the kind of battle he meant to fight.
		There was no indication from the intelligence analyses of the Battle of Parsifal that anything lighter than a battleship had been fitted with the new heterodyne-effect lasers, and if the infidel screen cared to exchange energy fire with his beam-heavy Manzikert-class battle-cruisers, it would be their last mistake.
	www.webscription.net /10.1125/Baen/0671721119/0671721119__20.htm (2815 words)

	Principles of War: A Translation from the Japanese
		Because of the necessity for an uninterrupted link between the base of operations and the battle front and the sluggishness of movement, the shifting and concentration of combat power, change of direction of operations, etc., are sluggish.
		Extending the battle line invites a gradual decrease in combat power (personnel, materiel) because of maintaining of logistics, holding of terrain, etc., and is an important condition making the difference between the offensive and defensive.
		In other words, along with deploying first-line manpower on its own battle front and applying its own combat power, each unit is supported by artillery and aviation firepower and, if necessary, is reinforced with airborne troops and heliborne forces, and it also is directed three-dimensionally, air-defense combat power being directed against the enemy's air power.
	cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/csirp_pwatj/csirp_pwatj.asp (12714 words)

	This Month in History, October
		Battle of Arbela: Despite being greatly outnumbered, Alexander the Great and his Macedonian forces defeated Darius III of Persia.
		The first battle of the Texas Revolution took place on Oct. 2 as American settlers defeated a Mexican cavalry in the Battle of Gonzales near the Guadalupe River.
		The Battle for Leyte Gulf was the greatest naval battle in history in total tonnage.
	www.laughtergenealogy.com /bin/header/month10.html (6556 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2004.06.34
		The reason he holds a thunderbolt in his hand is his harnessing the very strength of nature on the occasion of the battle fought against the Indian ruler Porus, when he was able to cross the river Hydaspes protected by a stormy night.
		Therefore the battle scene on one side of the medallion is taken to represent an encounter between Alexander himself and Porus.
		brilliantly compares the battle scene on the medallion with that of the battle of Arbela, represented in a famous mosaic from Pompeii.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2004/2004-06-34.html (723 words)

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